CN109392399B - Negative pressure irrigation water and fertilizer integrated system for greenhouse fields - Google Patents
Negative pressure irrigation water and fertilizer integrated system for greenhouse fields Download PDFInfo
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- CN109392399B CN109392399B CN201811385628.2A CN201811385628A CN109392399B CN 109392399 B CN109392399 B CN 109392399B CN 201811385628 A CN201811385628 A CN 201811385628A CN 109392399 B CN109392399 B CN 109392399B
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 193
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 624
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 181
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005381 potential energy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010799 Cucumis sativus var sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000299906 Cucumis sativus var. sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/007—Metering or regulating systems
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a water and fertilizer integrated system for negative pressure irrigation in greenhouse fields. Comprising the following steps: the water source devices, the water delivery pipelines and the negative pressure double water supply pipes, wherein the number of the water source devices is 2, and the water source devices are positioned at two sides of a target irrigation area; the number of the water pipelines is multiple, the water pipelines are sequentially connected into a main water pipeline through a three-way valve, the water pipelines which are sequentially connected penetrate through ridges and furrows in a greenhouse irrigation area, the first water pipeline is connected with a water source device on one side, and the last water pipeline is connected with the water source device on the other side; the negative pressure double water supply pipes are multiple in number, are positioned on two sides of the main water conveying pipeline and are buried in the greenhouse ridge, and are connected with the main water conveying pipeline through a three-way valve; the water source device comprises: the device comprises a water storage barrel, a fertilizer liquid barrel, an irrigation water negative pressure regulator, a fertilizer liquid negative pressure regulator, an irrigation water air duct, a fertilizer liquid air duct and a fertilizer liquid control valve. By the adoption of the method, the water content and nutrients of the soil in the root zone can be accurately controlled on the greenhouse scale, and the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an agricultural underground micro-irrigation technology, in particular to a water and fertilizer integrated system for negative pressure irrigation in greenhouse fields.
Background
Along with the aggravation of the situation of labor resource reduction and water resource shortage, how to improve the automation and mechanization level of agricultural irrigation technology in China and the agricultural production efficiency is a primary consideration for developing modern agriculture in China. Wherein, by means of technological innovation, the popularization of negative pressure energy-saving water delivery is an effective technical means for relieving or solving the current situation of agricultural water shortage in China and developing a water-saving modern agricultural road.
At present, in the negative pressure energy-saving water delivery technology, water and fertilizer integration is an important means for improving the utilization efficiency of water and nutrients and promoting the yield increase of crops. The negative pressure energy-saving water delivery is a novel automatic replenishment water-saving irrigation technology for burying a irrigator underground, and by controlling the water supply negative pressure, the soil water potential can be kept in dynamic balance with the water supply negative pressure during the whole growth period of crops, so that the continuous automatic acquisition of the water by the crops is realized. Because the negative pressure energy-saving water delivery does not damage the soil structure, the water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil can be kept in good condition suitable for the growth of crops; meanwhile, the evaporation loss is small, the ground runoff is not generated, the irrigation quantity is small, the duration of one-time irrigation is long, and the water resource utilization rate is high; in addition, the negative pressure energy-saving water delivery is that the negative pressure (water potential difference) generated by crop water consumption is taken as the active pressure of crop water absorption, so that the water filling quantity can be controlled more accurately, invalid inter-plant evaporation can be reduced, and the waste of water is greatly reduced.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional water and fertilizer integrated system for negative pressure irrigation. Referring to fig. 1, the negative pressure irrigation water and fertilizer integrated system comprises: a water tank 11, a water pipe 12, a water storage barrel 13 and a negative pressure generator 14. Wherein,,
the irrigator 11 is buried in the soil (substrate) and is a "permeable and impermeable" clay pipe.
The water storage tub 13 is installed with a water level pipe 131 for measuring a change in the water level (h 1) in the tub.
The negative pressure generator 14 is composed of three parts, namely: the electromagnetic valve 141, the pressure control switch 142 and the gas tank 143 are communicated with the negative pressure generator 14 and the water storage barrel 13 through the gas pipeline 15, and the gas pipeline 15 is filled with air.
The pressure control switch 142 is used for setting a preset negative pressure, and when the pressure in the gas tank 143 reaches the negative pressure set by the pressure control switch 142 and further descends, the pressure control switch 142 triggers the electromagnetic valve 141, so that external air enters the gas tank 143 through the electromagnetic valve 141. When the pressure of the air introduced into the gas tank 143 is equal to the negative pressure set by the pressure control switch 142, the solenoid valve 141 is closed, whereby the pressure inside the gas tank 143 can be ensured to be stable. Because the negative pressure irrigation water and fertilizer integrated system is sealed, and the air pipeline and the air tank are filled with air, the negative pressure intensity arranged on the pressure control switch in the air tank is equal to the pressure intensity in the clay pipe. According to the soil hydrodynamics principle, the clay pipe is buried in the soil, and when water flow in the clay pipe enters the soil and the water level in the water storage barrel is reduced due to the water potential gradient difference between the soil and the clay pipe, the pressure in the water storage barrel is reduced, and when the pressure is smaller than the preset negative pressure, gas in the negative pressure generator enters the water storage barrel, so that the pressure of the whole system maintains a dynamic balance state. Wherein the predetermined negative pressure is called a water supply head (water supply negative pressure), and the water content of the soil can be controlled by changing the predetermined negative pressure.
However, in the existing negative pressure irrigation water and fertilizer integrated system, fertilizer is directly added into a water storage barrel to form fertilizer liquid for irrigation. Because the negative pressure irrigation is low-flow infiltration, fertilizer liquid can be provided for crops for a long time in the water supply process, fertilizer can not be applied according to the fertilizer requirement rules of different growth stages of the crops, so that the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer liquid is low, and meanwhile, the fertilizer liquid which cannot be consumed in time also can pollute the irrigation water in the water storage barrel; because the irrigation water contains a certain amount of gas, in the existing negative pressure irrigation process, as the irrigation water permeates into the root zone soil from the water seepage device, the gas in the irrigation water stays in the water delivery pipe of the irrigation system, and if the gas cannot be effectively and timely discharged out of the irrigation system, a gas column can be generated in the water delivery pipe, so that the flow of the irrigation water is blocked, the irrigation water cannot be timely supplied to crops, and negative pressure irrigation failure is caused; in addition, the negative pressure water seepage device adopted by the current negative pressure irrigation system can only be used for growing crops in a small area range, if the water supply range is enlarged, the engineering cost can be greatly improved, and the use amount of the single negative pressure water seepage device in a land is too large, so that the management is inconvenient and the water supply is uneven; the existing negative pressure irrigation water and fertilizer integrated system has the problem that the water supply pressure fluctuates within a certain range and the water supply pressure cannot be kept constant, so that crops cannot be ensured to grow under the stable soil water and fertilizer conditions.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a negative pressure irrigation water and fertilizer integrated system for greenhouse fields, which can accurately control the water content and nutrients of the soil in a root zone on a greenhouse scale, so that the water and fertilizer utilization efficiency is improved.
The embodiment of the invention provides a negative pressure irrigation water and fertilizer integrated system for greenhouse fields, which comprises the following components: a water source, a water delivery pipeline and a negative pressure double water supply pipe, wherein,
the number of the water sources is 2, and the water sources are positioned at two sides of the target irrigation area;
the number of the water pipelines is multiple, the water pipelines are sequentially connected into a main water pipeline through a three-way valve, the sequentially connected main water pipeline penetrates through ridges and furrows in a greenhouse irrigation area, wherein the first water pipeline is connected with a water source device on one side, and the last water pipeline is connected with the water source device on the other side;
the negative pressure double water supply pipes are multiple in number, are positioned on two sides of the main water conveying pipeline and are buried in the greenhouse ridge, and are connected with the main water conveying pipeline through a three-way valve;
the water source device comprises: a water storage barrel, a fertilizer liquid barrel, an irrigation water negative pressure regulator, a fertilizer liquid negative pressure regulator, an irrigation water air duct, a fertilizer liquid air duct and a fertilizer liquid control valve, wherein,
One end of the irrigation water air duct is communicated with the bottom of the water storage barrel, and the other end is communicated with the top of the irrigation water negative pressure regulator;
the irrigation water negative pressure regulator comprises a first sealed container and a first air inlet pipe, wherein water is contained in the first sealed container, the first air inlet pipe is a hollow straight-through pipeline, the first air inlet pipe is inserted into the water liquid level of the first sealed container through the top of the first sealed container, and the water level difference between the bottom of the first air inlet pipe and the water liquid level in the first sealed container is a preset first negative pressure water level difference threshold value; a gas-liquid interface is formed in an irrigation water gas guide pipe which is communicated with the bottom of the water storage barrel and the top of the irrigation water negative pressure regulator, and the sum of the threshold pressures of the gas pressure at the top of the negative pressure regulator and the first negative pressure water level difference threshold value is equal to the atmospheric pressure when the system works; one end of the fertilizer liquid air duct is communicated with the bottom of the fertilizer liquid barrel, and the other end is communicated with the top of the fertilizer liquid negative pressure regulator;
the fertilizer liquid negative pressure regulator comprises a second sealed container and a second air inlet pipe, wherein water is contained in the second sealed container, the second air inlet pipe is a hollow straight-through pipeline, the top of the second sealed container is inserted into the water level of the second sealed container, and the water level difference between the bottom of the second air inlet pipe and the water level in the second sealed container is a preset second negative pressure water level difference threshold value;
The bottom of the fertilizer liquid barrel is also communicated with a water delivery pipeline through a liquid outlet pipeline, and a fertilizer liquid control valve for controlling the output of fertilizer liquid is arranged on the fertilizer delivery pipeline;
the bottom of the water storage bucket is also communicated with one end of the main water pipeline through a water pipeline.
Optionally, one end of a first water pipeline of the main water pipeline is connected to the joint of the water source water pipeline and the fertilizer pipeline, the other end of the first water pipeline is connected to the three-way valve, the other two interfaces of the three-way valve are connected with the second water pipeline and the negative pressure double water supply pipe, and the rest negative pressure double water supply pipes are sequentially connected with the water pipeline through the three-way valve; optionally, the junction of the water outlet pipeline of the water storage barrel, the liquid outlet pipeline of the fertilizer liquid barrel and the three pipes of the first water conveying pipeline is 3-5cm higher than the center point of the main water conveying pipeline.
Optionally, a first gas adjusting hole which is arranged on the first sealing container and is communicated with the irrigation water air duct is higher than the water level in the water storage barrel.
Optionally, the position of the first gas adjusting hole is higher than the water inlet of the water storage barrel.
Optionally, the height difference between the liquid level in the fertilizer liquid negative pressure generator and the bottom of the second air inlet pipe is smaller than the height difference between the liquid level in the irrigation water negative pressure generator and the bottom of the first air inlet pipe.
Optionally, the water delivery pipe includes: a first water pipe, a second supporting water pipe, a third water pipe, a water hose and a steel wire mesh skeleton polyvinyl formal PVFM composite pipe, wherein,
the first water pipe is obliquely arranged, the third water pipe is horizontally arranged, the second supporting water pipe is vertically arranged, the PVFM composite pipe with the steel wire mesh framework is buried in the soil, and water is supplied to the soil at a preset negative pressure;
the upper end of the first water delivery pipe is communicated with the water delivery main pipe through a four-way valve, the first water delivery pipe is also communicated with a second supporting water pipe, the second supporting water pipe is communicated with a third water delivery pipe, the third water delivery pipe is communicated with a water delivery hose, and the water delivery hose is communicated with a PVFM composite pipe of a steel wire mesh framework.
Optionally, the first water pipe and the third water pipe form an included angle of 3-5 degrees.
Optionally, the steel mesh skeleton PVFM composite tube comprises: an inner hard layer, a middle reinforcing layer, and an outer soft layer, wherein,
the inner hard layer is made of hard PVFM materials to form a hollow pipeline, the middle reinforcing layer is a steel wire mesh layer for enhancing the rigidity and strength of the composite pipe, the inner hard layer is covered, the outer soft layer is made of soft PVFM materials, and the middle reinforcing layer is covered.
The embodiment of the invention provides a negative pressure irrigation water and fertilizer integrated system for greenhouse fields, which comprises the following components: the water source devices, the water delivery pipelines and the negative pressure double water supply pipes, wherein the number of the water source devices is 2, and the water source devices are positioned at two sides of a target irrigation area; the number of the water pipelines is multiple, the water pipelines are sequentially connected into a main water pipeline through a three-way valve, the water pipelines which are sequentially connected penetrate through ridges and furrows in a greenhouse irrigation area, wherein the first water pipeline is connected with a water source device on one side, and the last water pipeline is connected with the water source device on the other side; the negative pressure double water supply pipes are multiple in number, are positioned on two sides of the main water conveying pipeline and are buried in the greenhouse ridge; one end of a first water pipeline forming the main water pipeline is connected to the joint of the water source water pipeline and the fertilizer pipeline, the other end of the first water pipeline is connected to a three-way valve, the other two interfaces of the three-way valve are connected with the second water pipeline and the negative pressure double water supply pipe, and the rest negative pressure double water supply pipes are sequentially connected with the water pipeline through the three-way valve; the water source device comprises: the device comprises a water storage barrel, a fertilizer liquid barrel, an irrigation water negative pressure regulator, a fertilizer liquid negative pressure regulator, an irrigation water air duct, a fertilizer liquid air duct and a fertilizer liquid control valve, wherein one end of the irrigation water air duct is communicated with the bottom of the water storage barrel, and the other end of the irrigation water air duct is communicated with the top of the irrigation water negative pressure regulator; the irrigation water negative pressure regulator comprises a first sealed container and a first air inlet pipe, wherein water is contained in the first sealed container, the first air inlet pipe is a hollow straight-through pipeline, the first air inlet pipe is inserted into the water level of the first sealed container through the top of the first sealed container, and the water level difference between the bottom of the first air inlet pipe and the water level in the first sealed container is a preset first negative pressure water level difference threshold value; a gas-liquid interface is formed in an irrigation water gas guide pipe which is communicated with the bottom of the water storage barrel and the top of the irrigation water negative pressure regulator; one end of the fertilizer liquid air duct is communicated with the bottom of the fertilizer liquid barrel, and the other end is communicated with the top of the fertilizer liquid negative pressure regulator; the fertilizer liquid negative pressure regulator comprises a second sealed container and a second air inlet pipe, wherein water is contained in the second sealed container, the second air inlet pipe is a hollow straight-through pipeline, the top of the second sealed container is inserted into the water level of the second sealed container, and the water level difference between the bottom of the second air inlet pipe and the water level in the second sealed container is a preset second negative pressure water level difference threshold value; the bottom of the fertilizer liquid barrel is also communicated with a water conveying pipeline through a fertilizer conveying pipeline, and a fertilizer liquid control valve for controlling the output of fertilizer liquid is arranged on the fertilizer conveying pipeline; the bottom of the water storage bucket is also communicated with one end of the main water pipeline through a water pipeline. Like this, adopt fertilizer and irrigation water separation, and fertilizer bucket and water storage bucket adopt the negative pressure regulator control of different pressures respectively, can guarantee that the fertilizer liquid flow is big than the irrigation water flow in the water storage bucket in the fertilizer liquid bucket when the water and fertilizer integration system normally operates, guaranteed the timely infiltration crop root zone of fertilizer liquid, promoted the utilization efficiency of fertilizer liquid, also the irrigation water in the water storage bucket is not polluted simultaneously.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional negative pressure irrigation water and fertilizer integrated system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a system for integrating negative pressure irrigation and water and fertilizer for greenhouse fields according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a water source according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a negative pressure dual water supply pipeline structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a steel mesh skeleton PVFM composite tube structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, but not all, embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the application, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
It should be noted that, the negative pressure according to the embodiment of the present invention is relative to the atmospheric pressure, that is, the relative value between the pressure in the system and the atmospheric pressure, and is also called negative pressure irrigation because the water supply head of the soil system is smaller than the atmospheric pressure.
In the embodiment of the invention, the water potential of the soil is a natural attribute of the soil, namely, in most natural conditions, the movement of soil nutrients in the soil mainly depends on soil moisture as a medium, and the moisture always flows from a place with high potential energy to a place with low potential energy, and the soluble fertilizer is mainly distributed along with water. Thus, whether the water and the nutrients can flow to the root system of the crops can not be absorbed into the crops effectively, and the water and the nutrients are completely dependent on the water potential difference between the soil water potential and the water potential of the crops. Through the irrigation, can promote the soil water potential, if through providing the soil water potential that different soil moisture contents correspond to soil, can realize the accurate control to soil moisture content to can satisfy the different needs of growing period to soil moisture of crop, simultaneously, can guarantee that the crops of specific period grow always under stable soil moisture condition.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of a water and fertilizer integrated system for negative pressure irrigation in a greenhouse field according to an embodiment of the invention. Referring to fig. 2, the negative pressure irrigation water and fertilizer integrated system comprises: a water source 21, a main water delivery pipeline 22 and a negative pressure double water delivery pipe 23, wherein,
The number of the water sources 21 is 2, and the water sources are positioned at two sides of a target irrigation area;
the number of the water pipes forming the main water pipe 22 is multiple, the water pipes 22 are sequentially connected through the three-way valve 24, the sequentially connected main water pipe 22 penetrates through the greenhouse ridge 25 and the ditch 26 in the irrigation area, wherein the first water pipe 22 is connected with the water source 21 on one side, and the last water pipe 22 is connected with the water source 21 on the other side;
the number of the negative pressure double water supply pipes is multiple, and the negative pressure double water supply pipes are positioned at two sides of the main water conveying pipeline 22 and buried in the greenhouse ridge 25 and are connected with the main water conveying pipeline through the three-way valve 24; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a water source according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 3, in an embodiment of the present application, as an alternative embodiment, the water source device includes: a water storage barrel 31, a fertilizer liquid barrel 32, an irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33, a fertilizer liquid negative pressure regulator 34, an irrigation water air duct 35, a fertilizer liquid air duct 36 and a fertilizer liquid control valve 37, wherein,
one end of the irrigation water air duct 35 is communicated with the bottom of the water storage barrel 31, and the other end is communicated with the top of the irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33;
the irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33 comprises a first sealed container 331 and a first air inlet pipe 332, wherein water is contained in the first sealed container 331, the first air inlet pipe 332 is a hollow through pipeline, the water is inserted into the water liquid level of the first sealed container 331 through the top of the first sealed container 331, and the water level difference between the bottom of the first air inlet pipe 332 and the water liquid level in the first sealed container 331 is a preset first negative pressure water level difference threshold;
When the system works normally, a gas-liquid interface is formed in the gas guide pipe 35 at the bottom of the water storage barrel 31 connected with the gas guide pipe;
one end of the fertilizer liquid air duct 36 is communicated with the bottom of the fertilizer liquid barrel 32, and the other end is communicated with the top of the fertilizer liquid negative pressure regulator 34;
the fertilizer liquid negative pressure regulator 34 comprises a second sealed container 341 and a second air inlet pipe 342, wherein water is contained in the second sealed container 341, the second air inlet pipe 342 is a hollow straight-through pipeline, the top of the second sealed container 341 is inserted into the water liquid level of the second sealed container 341, and the water level difference between the bottom of the second air inlet pipe 342 and the water liquid level in the second sealed container 341 is a preset second negative pressure water level difference threshold value;
the bottom of the fertilizer liquid barrel 32 is also communicated with the main water conveying pipeline 22 through a liquid conveying pipeline 321, and a fertilizer liquid control valve 37 for controlling the output of fertilizer liquid is arranged on the liquid conveying pipeline 321;
the bottom of the water storage barrel 31 is also communicated with the main water conveying pipeline 22 through a water conveying pipeline 311.
In the embodiment of the present application, as an alternative embodiment, the infusion pipeline 321, the water pipeline 311 and the main water pipeline 22 are communicated through a three-way valve.
In the embodiment of the application, the water storage barrel 31 is airtight, and a fertilizer liquid control valve 37 is arranged between the infusion pipeline 321 and the water conveying pipeline 22 of the fertilizer liquid barrel 32. Like this, when ending the fertilization, need carry out the simple irrigation, close the fertilizer liquid control valve 37 can for the fertilizer liquid in the fertilizer liquid bucket 32 no longer flows to conduit 22 through the play liquid pipeline 321 of fertilizer liquid bucket 32, thereby avoids the waste of fertilizer liquid and the pollution of irrigation water, promotes the utilization efficiency of fertilizer liquid. As an alternative embodiment, the fertilizer liquid barrel 32 is provided with the full water-soluble compound fertilizer, the infusion pipeline 321 is connected to the fertilizer liquid barrel 32 through an infusion hole formed in the lower portion of the side wall of the fertilizer liquid barrel 32, the fertilizer liquid air duct 36 is connected to the fertilizer liquid barrel 32 through an air duct formed in the lower portion of the other side wall of the fertilizer liquid barrel 32, and the infusion hole and the air duct are located at the same horizontal position.
In the embodiment of the application, one end of a first water delivery pipeline of the main water delivery pipeline 22 is connected to the joint of the water source device water delivery pipeline 311 and the fertilizer pipeline 321, the other end of the first water delivery pipeline is connected to a three-way valve, the other two interfaces of the three-way valve are connected with a second water delivery pipeline and a negative pressure double water delivery pipe, and the rest of negative pressure double water delivery pipes are sequentially connected with the water delivery pipe through the three-way valve;
the negative pressure double water supply pipeline in the embodiment of the application comprises: a first water Pipe (PVC) 41, a second supporting water Pipe (PVC) 42, a third water Pipe (PVC) 43, a water hose (PE) 44 and a steel wire mesh skeleton polyvinyl formal PVFM composite pipe 45, wherein,
the first water pipe is obliquely arranged 41, the third water pipe is horizontally arranged 43, the second supporting water pipe is vertically arranged 42, the steel wire mesh framework PVFM composite pipe 45 is buried in the greenhouse ridge 25, and water is supplied to soil at a preset negative pressure;
the upper end of the first water delivery pipe 41 is communicated with the water delivery main pipe 22 through a four-way valve, the first water delivery pipe 41 is also communicated with the second support water pipe 42, the second support water pipe 42 is communicated with the third water delivery pipe 43, the third water delivery pipe 43 is communicated with the water delivery hose 44, and the water delivery hose 44 is communicated with the steel wire mesh skeleton PVFM composite pipe 45.
In the embodiment of the application, for an agricultural irrigation area, a certain height difference exists due to the longer paving distance of the main water conveying pipeline 22. Therefore, in order to reduce the inconsistent water supply heads of the system caused by the elevation difference, the water source devices are respectively arranged at the head end and the tail end of the main water conveying pipeline 22, so that the system can be ensured to supply water and fertilizer more uniformly, and under the condition that the elevation difference exists, the discharge of bubbles in the main water conveying pipeline 22 is more facilitated by arranging the double water source devices. Preferably, the embodiment of the application is applied to a greenhouse.
In this embodiment of the present application, as an optional embodiment, the top of the water storage barrel 31 is provided with a water inlet 310, so that when the water level in the water storage barrel 31 is lower than the water outlet, water is added into the water storage barrel 31, and after the water is added, the water inlet 310 is closed. The top of the fertilizer liquid barrel 32 is provided with a liquid inlet 320.
In the embodiment of the application, as an optional embodiment, the center of the junction of the water conveying pipeline of the water storage barrel 31, the liquid fertilizer conveying pipeline of the liquid fertilizer barrel 32 and the three pipes of the first water conveying pipeline 22 is 3-5cm higher than the center point of the main water conveying pipeline 22 so as to ensure a better irrigation effect. Preferably, the height measurement can be performed with a laser level.
In the embodiment of the present application, as an alternative embodiment, the connection between the water pipe 22 and the negative pressure dual water pipe, the connection between the irrigation water air duct 35 and the water storage barrel 31, the connection between the fertilizer liquid air duct 36 and the fertilizer liquid barrel 32, the connection between the irrigation water air duct 35 and the first sealed container 331, the connection between the fertilizer liquid air duct 36 and the second sealed container 341, the water inlet of the water storage barrel 31, the liquid inlet of the fertilizer liquid barrel 32, the first air inlet pipe 332 inserted into the first sealed container 331, and the second air inlet pipe 342 inserted into the second sealed container 341 are all sealed by the sealing ring 312.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as an alternative embodiment, in order to prevent the water in the water storage tank 31 from entering the irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33 along the irrigation water air duct 35 when the irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33 starts to operate, in the embodiment of the present invention, the position where the irrigation water air duct 35 communicates with the first sealed container 331 is set to be higher than the water level in the water storage tank 31. I.e. the position of the first gas regulating hole which is arranged on the first sealing container 331 and is communicated with the irrigation water gas guide pipe 35 is higher than the water level in the water storage barrel 31.
Preferably, the gas regulating hole is located higher than the water inlet of the water storage tub 31.
Similar to the arrangement of the water storage barrel 31, in the embodiment of the invention, the position where the fertilizer liquid air duct is communicated with the second sealed container 341 of the fertilizer liquid negative pressure regulator 34 is higher than the liquid level in the fertilizer liquid barrel 32. Namely, the position of a second gas regulating hole which is arranged on the second sealed container 341 and communicated with the fertilizer liquid air duct 36 is higher than the fertilizer liquid level in the fertilizer liquid barrel 32.
In the embodiment of the present invention, as another alternative embodiment, under the condition that water is poured into the irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33 to ensure that the water level is lower than the first gas regulating hole on the side wall of the negative pressure regulator 33, in order to prevent the difference between day and night from affecting the pressure controlled by the negative pressure regulator 33, and improve the water control accuracy of the negative pressure irrigation system, the anhydrous space in the irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33 is set as small as possible, that is, the water level in the irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33 is set as close to the first gas regulating hole as possible.
In the fertilizer liquid negative pressure regulator 34, the fertilizer liquid level in the second sealed container 341 is slightly lower than the lower edge of the second gas regulating hole (where the fertilizer liquid gas duct 36 communicates with the fertilizer liquid negative pressure regulator 34).
In an embodiment of the present invention, as an alternative embodiment, the pressure of the gas in the water head space in the first airtight container 331 is less than or equal to the atmospheric pressure. By changing the height (h 4) of the first air inlet pipe 332 inserted into the first sealed container 331 below the water level, the water level difference between the air-liquid interface at the bottom of the first air inlet pipe 332 and the water level in the first sealed container 331 can be adjusted when the system works normally, so that the air pressure in the space above the water level in the first sealed container 331 can be controlled, and the system is controlled to supply water to soil, so that the soil water potential in a certain soil range can be controlled, and the soil water potential is consistent with the water supply head (the first negative pressure water level difference threshold) set by the first air inlet pipe 332. Because the soil water potential is related to the soil moisture content, the soil water potential is maintained at a certain value, namely, the height difference between the bottom of the first air inlet pipe 332 and the water level of the first sealed container 331 is adjusted, so that the accurate control of the soil moisture can be realized, and the optimal soil moisture content is further provided in different growth periods of crops.
In the embodiment of the application, the soil water potential is the negative water pressure of the water supply provided by the system, the water pressure in the water delivery pipeline 22 is equal to the water pressure in the water delivery pipeline 22, and the water pressure in the water delivery pipeline 22 is equal to the gas pressure in the irrigation water gas guide pipe 35. That is, in the sealed negative pressure regulating system, the inside of the irrigation water gas-guide tube 35 between the water storage tub 31 and the irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33 is filled with air, and thus, the pressure is equal at the position of the water pipe 22 of the negative pressure irrigation system, at the position where the water pipe 22 is communicated with the water storage tub 31, at the position where the irrigation water gas-guide tube 35 is communicated with the water storage tub 31, and at the position where the irrigation water gas-guide tube 35 is communicated with the irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33, and the pressure in the first gas-guide tube 35 is equal to the height (h 4) from the bottom of the first gas-guide tube 332 to the water level in the first sealed container 331. Thus, by controlling the height of the first air inlet pipe 332 inserted below the water level in the first sealed container 331, the negative water pressure of the supplied water (the pressure in the main water pipe 22) can be controlled, so that the water content of the soil can be kept at a proper level. Likewise, the operating principle of the fertilizer bucket 32 and the negative pressure generator matched with the same is also the same.
In the embodiment of the present application, as an alternative embodiment, the negative pressure of the water supply of the fertilizer liquid barrel 32 is smaller than the negative pressure of the water supply of the water storage barrel 31, that is, the height difference (h 1) between the liquid level in the fertilizer liquid negative pressure generator and the bottom of the second air inlet pipe is smaller than the height difference between the water level in the irrigation water negative pressure generator and the bottom of the first air inlet pipe. Thus, when the water and fertilizer integrated system operates normally, the flow rate of the fertilizer liquid in the fertilizer liquid barrel 32 is higher than the flow rate of the irrigation water in the water storage barrel 31, and the timely infiltration of the fertilizer liquid into the root zone of crops can be ensured.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a water pipe according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 4, the water pipe includes: a first water pipe 41, a second supporting water pipe 42, a third water pipe 43, a water hose 44, and a steel mesh skeleton Polyvinyl formal (PVFM) composite pipe 45, wherein,
the first water pipe is obliquely arranged, the third water pipe is horizontally arranged, the second supporting water pipe is vertically arranged, the PVFM composite pipe with the steel wire mesh framework is buried in the soil, and water is supplied to the soil at a preset negative pressure;
the top of the first water delivery pipe is communicated with the main water delivery pipe 22, the first water delivery pipe is also communicated with the second supporting water pipe, the second supporting water pipe is communicated with the third water delivery pipe, the third water delivery pipe is communicated with the water delivery hose, and the water delivery hose is communicated with the PVFM composite pipe of the steel wire mesh framework.
In the embodiment of the present application, the first water pipe disposed obliquely can discharge the gas rising to the top of the first water pipe to the atmosphere through the first gas guide tube 332, and input irrigation water or fertilizer liquid from the water storage barrel 31 or the fertilizer liquid barrel 32. The first raceway is placed in an inclined mode, gas generated in each raceway is beneficial to rising to the top of the first raceway and is discharged through the first gas guide tube 332, and gas columns are not generated in the various levels of the raceway, so that the phenomenon that the gas columns block irrigation water and influence the set negative pressure is avoided, and negative pressure irrigation efficiency and negative pressure irrigation precision can be effectively improved. The third water pipe is parallel to the ground, so that the water potential of water supply to the PVFM composite pipe of the steel wire mesh framework is guaranteed to be the same in the water filling process, and the uniformity of water supply to soil by the PVFM composite pipe of the steel wire mesh framework is guaranteed.
In the embodiment of the application, as an optional embodiment, the first water pipe and the third water pipe form an included angle of 3-5 degrees, so that gas generated in each water pipe can rise to the top of the first water pipe and is discharged out of the water pipe, and no gas column is generated in the water pipe.
In the embodiment of the application, the polyvinyl formal is an organic polymer material and has a cell structure with small holes as main holes and large holes as auxiliary holes, so that the polyvinyl formal has very good hydrophilicity, strong water absorption capacity, good chemical stability and good wear resistance. Therefore, PVFM with strong water absorption capacity is used as a negative pressure irrigation water seepage device and is in contact with soil, so that the water seepage performance of the traditional water seepage device can be greatly improved, the blockage of soil particles to the negative pressure irrigation water seepage device is effectively prevented, the PVFM has good toughness, the breakage in the operation process can be avoided, the replacement times of the water seepage device are reduced, the cost of negative pressure irrigation is reduced, and the arrangement of field pipelines is facilitated.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a steel mesh skeleton PVFM composite tube structure according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 5, as an alternative embodiment, the wire mesh backbone PVFM composite tube comprises: an inner hard layer 51, a middle reinforcing layer 52, and an outer soft layer 53, wherein,
The inner hard layer is made of hard PVFM material to form a hollow pipeline, the middle reinforcing layer is a steel wire mesh layer 54 for enhancing the rigidity and strength of the composite pipe, the inner hard layer is covered, the outer soft layer is made of soft PVFM material, and the middle reinforcing layer is covered.
As an alternative embodiment, in order to ensure the characteristic that the composite pipe is water permeable and airtight in a water filled state, the foaming point value of the hard PVFM material for manufacturing the inner hard layer is not less than 20kPa, and the foaming point value of the soft PVFM material for manufacturing the outer soft layer is not less than 30kPa.
In order to increase the compressive resistance of the PVFM composite pipe with the steel wire mesh framework without affecting water supply, the mesh area of the steel wire mesh for manufacturing the middle reinforcing layer is set to be 4-50mm 2 The diameter of the steel wire for making the steel wire mesh was 2mm (number 18).
As another alternative embodiment, in order to ensure the proper contact area between the PVFM composite pipe of the steel wire framework and the soil and ensure the characteristic of no leakage of water and air of the composite pipe in the working state, the PVFM composite pipe of the steel wire framework has the inner diameter of 14mm, the outer diameter of 16mm and the negative pressure resistance of higher than 30kPa.
In the embodiment of the application, the double water pipes with the first water pipe and the third water pipe are adopted, wherein the first water pipe can be used for conveying water to the lower pipe (the third water pipe and the second supporting water pipe), and the air generated by each communicated water pipe can be smoothly discharged by obliquely arranging the first water pipe by utilizing the characteristic that air bubbles or air columns move upwards in irrigation water. The third water delivery pipe horizontally placed can ensure that the water delivery water potential of water supplied to the lower-level pipe (PE water delivery hose and the steel wire mesh framework PVFM composite pipe) is consistent, so that the water potential of water entering the steel wire mesh framework PVFM composite pipe is ensured to be consistent, and uniform water supply is facilitated.
In an embodiment of the present application, as an optional embodiment, the water storage tank further includes: the water level observation tube 313 for indicating water consumption, the water level observation tube 313 is externally connected to the water storage barrel 31, one end of the water level observation tube is connected into the water storage barrel 31 through a first water level hole formed in the upper portion of the side wall of the water storage barrel 31, and the other end of the water level observation tube is connected into the water storage barrel 31 through a second water level hole formed in the lower portion of the side wall of the water storage barrel 31, wherein the second water level hole is parallel to or higher than the liquid guide hole.
As an alternative embodiment, the water level observation tube is [ shaped ].
Similar to the water storage bucket, the fertilizer liquid bucket still includes: a fertile liquid level observation tube 314 for instructing fertilizer liquid consumption, fertile liquid level observation tube 314 external in the fertile liquid bucket, in the first fertile liquid level hole that the one end of fertile liquid level observation tube was seted up through fertile liquid bucket lateral wall upper portion inserts the fertile liquid bucket, the other end of fertile liquid level observation tube inserts in the fertile liquid bucket through the second fertile liquid level hole that the fertile liquid bucket lateral wall lower part was seted up.
In an embodiment of the application, the main water conduit 22 traverses Wen Penglong and the trench.
The working process of the negative pressure irrigation water-fertilizer integrated system for greenhouse fields in the embodiment of the application is described as follows:
after the system of the embodiment of the application is installed, taking the water storage barrel 31 as an example, the water storage barrel 31 is filled with water through the water inlet, the water inlet is sealed, the first sealed container is filled with water close to the position of the first gas regulating hole, the first air inlet pipe is inserted into the first sealed container, the distance between the bottom end of the first air inlet pipe and the water level in the first sealed container is a first negative pressure water level difference threshold value, at the moment, the water level in the first air inlet pipe is level with the water level in the first sealed container, the air pressure in the irrigation water air guide pipe is atmospheric pressure, and the air in the irrigation water air guide pipe is not filled at the position where the bottom of the side wall of the water storage barrel 31 is communicated with the irrigation water air guide pipe. Also during the fertilization, the fertilizer liquid barrel 32 is similar to the matched fertilizer liquid negative pressure regulator.
In the embodiment of the present application, as an alternative embodiment, when the crop is cucumber, the proportion of the total water-soluble compound fertilizer N, P, K in the fertilizer liquid barrel 32 is 16:7:35. wherein the concentration of N is 0.08-0.14g/L, the concentration of P is 0.04-0.07g/L, the concentration of K is 0.15-0.30g/L, and the total amount of the fertilizer is 80-100 kg/hm -2 For the best, the too high concentration ratio of the fertilizer can hurt seedlings, and the too low concentration ratio can not lead the fertilizer to be delivered to the root zone of crops in time. For other crops, the specific concentration configuration can be determined according to the single fertilizer application amount, the fertilizer application time and the crop water consumption in actual production.
When the system is in initial operation, the air pressure in the irrigation water air duct is atmospheric pressure, the pressure of the water delivery pipe water outlet is also atmospheric pressure and is higher than the water potential of soil, so that irrigation water in the water storage barrel 31 and fertilizer liquid in the fertilizer liquid barrel 32 are driven to permeate into soil through the water delivery pipe and the PVFM composite pipe of the steel wire mesh skeleton, the water level in the water storage barrel 31 and the fertilizer liquid barrel 32 is reduced, spaces (h 2 and h 3) are formed above the liquid surfaces of the water storage barrel 31 and the fertilizer liquid barrel 32, the air pressure in the barrels is reduced, and the air in the space above the water level of the first sealing container 331 is driven to enter the space above the water storage barrel 31 (the fertilizer liquid barrel 32) through the irrigation water air duct 35, and the water level in the irrigation water air duct 35 is close to the position communicated with the air guide hole formed at the bottom of the side wall of the water storage barrel 31;
After the air in the space above the liquid level of the first sealed container 331 enters the space above the water storage barrel 31 through the irrigation water air guide pipe, the air pressure in the first sealed container 331 is reduced, the air pressure in the first air inlet pipe communicated with the atmosphere drives the water liquid level in the first air inlet pipe to be reduced, so that a water level difference is generated with the liquid level in the first sealed container, and the sum of the air pressure in the sealed container and the pressure generated by the water level difference is equal to the air pressure;
as water in the water storage barrel 31 enters the root system soil of crops through the irrigation water guide pipe and the PVFM composite pipe of the steel wire mesh framework, the water content of the soil gradually rises, the corresponding soil water potential gradually rises, and the air pressure in the irrigation water guide pipe gradually falls;
at this time, the air pressure in the irrigation water air duct is reduced but still higher than the water level of the soil, so that the water level in the water storage barrel 31 is continuously reduced, the air in the space above the liquid level of the first sealed container 331 is continuously driven to enter the space above the water storage barrel 31 through the irrigation water air duct, the air in the irrigation water air duct 35 is filled to the position communicated with the air guide hole formed in the lower part of the side wall of the water storage barrel 31, the air in the first air inlet pipe 332 drives the water level in the first air inlet pipe to continuously reduce until the water level in the first air inlet pipe is reduced to the bottom end of the first air inlet pipe, when the water level difference between the water level in the first air inlet pipe and the water level in the first sealed container reaches the first height (the first negative pressure water level difference threshold), the pressure in the space above the first sealed container becomes a constant value, namely, the water supply head of the system is a constant value, and the soil water level corresponding to the soil water supply head of the soil system is stable when the soil water content of the system water supply root system is increased to a certain value, dynamic balance is achieved when the soil water level of the soil of the system is increased to a certain value, the soil water level of the soil water supply system is consistent with the water supply head of the soil system water supply system is stopped, and the soil system is stopped from entering the soil storage system to a stable running state;
In the stable operation process of the system, the water content of soil around the root system can be reduced again due to evaporation or transpiration of crops, when the water level difference is lower than the system water supply negative pressure, namely the threshold pressure corresponding to the first negative pressure water level difference threshold value, water level difference is generated, the steel wire net framework PVFM composite pipe 45 is driven to supply water to the soil, the water level in the water storage barrel 31 is reduced due to water supply, the system water supply negative pressure is reduced, the air pressure in the irrigation water air duct is higher than the system water supply negative pressure, thereby driving the air in the first sealing container 331 to enter the space above the water storage barrel 31 along the irrigation water air duct, so that the pressure balance of the position where the water storage barrel 31 is communicated with the water duct, the position where the water storage barrel 31 is communicated with the irrigation water negative pressure generator, the position where the fertilizer liquid barrel 32 is communicated with the liquid outlet duct and the position where the fertilizer liquid negative pressure generator is communicated with the fertilizer liquid air duct is maintained in a dynamic balance process, and the whole system is maintained in a dynamic balance process due to the reduction of the pressure in the first sealing container 331. Thus, when the system water supply negative pressure changes at first, the first air inlet pipe 332 can be driven to suck air from the outside into the first sealed container, so that the system water supply negative pressure is maintained to be constant, crops can be ensured to always grow under the condition of stable soil moisture (constant soil moisture content), and continuous, automatic and stable control of the crops on water and nutrients is realized.
Also, the fertilizer supply system operates the same as the irrigation water operation described above.
In the fertilization process, the water supply negative pressure of the fertilizer liquid barrel 32 is smaller than the water supply negative pressure of the water storage barrel 31, namely the height (h 1) from the water level in the fertilizer liquid negative pressure generator to the bottom of the second air inlet pipe is smaller than the height (h 4) from the water level in the irrigation water negative pressure generator to the bottom of the first air inlet pipe. In the operation process, the negative pressure of the liquid outlet pipeline at the bottom of the fertilizer liquid barrel 32 is smaller than the negative pressure of the water outlet pipeline at the bottom of the water storage barrel 31, so that the liquid outlet speed of the fertilizer liquid barrel is faster than the water outlet speed of the water storage barrel 31, the flow rate of the fertilizer liquid in the fertilizer liquid barrel 32 is higher than the irrigation water flow rate in the water storage barrel, the timely infiltration of the fertilizer liquid into the root zone of crops is ensured, and the irrigation water in the water storage barrel 31 cannot be polluted through the separation setting of the fertilizer liquid barrel and the water storage barrel. When fertilization is not needed and irrigation is only needed, the fertilizer liquid control valve 37 is closed.
In the embodiment of the invention, because the air pressure in the irrigation water air duct or the fertilizer liquid air duct is always greater than or equal to the soil water potential corresponding to the water content of the soil, air can only enter the water storage barrel 31 from the irrigation water air duct and enter the space above the fertilizer liquid barrel 32 from the fertilizer liquid air duct, namely the space above the water storage barrel 31 and the fertilizer liquid barrel 32 is always in a state of sucking air from the corresponding air ducts.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the system can provide proper water supply and fertilizer supply for crops by adjusting the water level difference between the bottom end position of the first air inlet pipe in the irrigation water negative pressure regulator and the water level position in the first sealed container and the water level difference between the bottom end position of the second air inlet pipe in the fertilizer liquid negative pressure regulator and the water level position in the second sealed container according to the water and fertilizer requirement rules of different stages of crops.
In the embodiment of the invention, if the system is not used for irrigation, the first air inlet pipe is provided with water with a certain water level, and the water level in the first air inlet pipe is equal to the water level in the first sealed container. When water is supplied, the air pressure in the irrigation water air guide pipe is reduced, so that the pressure generated by the air pressure and the height difference in the irrigation water air guide pipe is equal to the atmospheric pressure, the height difference is required to be increased, the sum of the air pressure in the irrigation water air guide pipe and the pressure of the water level difference is equal to the atmospheric pressure, and the water in the first air guide pipe is emptied quickly due to the fact that the pipe diameter of the first air inlet pipe is smaller and the pipe diameter of the first sealing container is smaller, so that the air pressure in the irrigation water air guide pipe is formed into a constant pressure quickly.
In the embodiment of the invention, if the water content of the soil for cultivating crops is lower, the time required for forming the constant pressure state is shorter, so that the air pressure in the irrigation water air duct can be adjusted in a self-adaptive manner in the irrigation process, and the air pressure in the irrigation water air duct does not need to be adjusted manually or mechanically.
The negative pressure irrigation water and fertilizer integrated system for the greenhouse field has the following advantages:
firstly, energy is saved;
according to the embodiment of the invention, an external pressurizing power device is not needed, continuous and automatic acquisition of water content of crops is realized by utilizing the physiological characteristics of water content of crops and the water potential characteristics of soil, and the pressure of supplying water to the crops is ensured to be kept constant, so that the crops grow under the condition of stable water content of the soil.
Secondly, the fertilizer is suitable for irrigation and fertilization of crops in different growth periods;
the embodiment of the invention can irrigate crops according to the water and fertilizer requirements of the crops in different periods, and the water and fertilizer requirements of the crops in different growth periods can be properly supplied to the soil by changing the height difference between the bottom of the air inlet pipe and the liquid level in the sealed container.
Thirdly, fertilizer can be timely supplied, and meanwhile, pollution of fertilizer liquid to irrigation water is avoided;
the invention adopts fertilizer and irrigation water separation, and the fertilizer barrel and the water storage barrel are respectively controlled by adopting negative pressure regulators with different pressures, so that the flow rate of the fertilizer liquid in the fertilizer liquid barrel is higher than the irrigation water flow rate in the water storage barrel when the water and fertilizer integrated system normally operates, the timely infiltration of the fertilizer liquid into the root zone of crops is ensured, and the irrigation water in the water storage barrel is not polluted.
Fourthly, avoiding blocking phenomenon during irrigation;
in the embodiment of the application, the negative pressure irrigation liquid seepage device adopts the PVFM composite pipe which is permeable and airtight, so that the problem of blockage of soil particles on the irrigation device can be greatly improved.
And fifthly, the water supply area is increased, and the popularization of the system is facilitated.
Compared with the traditional negative pressure water seepage device, the novel steel wire mesh skeleton PVFM composite pipe provided by the embodiment of the application avoids the defect that the traditional negative pressure water seepage device can only supply water for one plant or two plants, can supply water for a whole row of crops in a greenhouse, greatly improves the uniform distribution of soil moisture and nutrients, and is more beneficial to farmland management and popularization of the system.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present application, and the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present application should be included in the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the application is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A negative pressure irrigation liquid manure integration system for greenhouse field, characterized by comprising: a water source, a water delivery pipeline and a negative pressure double water supply pipe, wherein,
The number of the water sources is 2, and the water sources are positioned at two sides of the target irrigation area;
the number of the water pipelines is multiple, the water pipelines are sequentially connected into a main water pipeline through a three-way valve, the water pipelines which are sequentially connected penetrate through ridges and furrows in a greenhouse irrigation area, wherein the first water pipeline is connected with a water source device on one side, and the last water pipeline is connected with the water source device on the other side; the negative pressure double water supply pipes are multiple in number, are positioned on two sides of the main water conveying pipeline and are buried in the greenhouse ridge, and are connected with the main water conveying pipeline through a three-way valve;
the water source device comprises: a water storage barrel, a fertilizer liquid barrel, an irrigation water negative pressure regulator, a fertilizer liquid negative pressure regulator, an irrigation water air duct, a fertilizer liquid air duct and a fertilizer liquid control valve, wherein,
one end of the irrigation water air duct is communicated with the bottom of the water storage barrel, and the other end is communicated with the top of the irrigation water negative pressure regulator;
the irrigation water negative pressure regulator comprises a first sealed container and a first air inlet pipe, wherein water is contained in the first sealed container, the first air inlet pipe is a hollow straight-through pipeline, the first air inlet pipe is inserted into the water liquid level of the first sealed container through the top of the first sealed container, and the water level difference between the bottom of the first air inlet pipe and the water liquid level in the first sealed container is a preset first negative pressure water level difference threshold value;
A gas-liquid interface is formed in a gas guide pipe which is communicated with the bottom of the water storage barrel and the top of the irrigation water negative pressure regulator, and the gas pressure at the top of the negative pressure regulator is equal to the threshold pressure corresponding to the first negative pressure water level difference threshold value when the system works;
one end of the fertilizer liquid air duct is communicated with the bottom of the fertilizer liquid barrel, and the other end is communicated with the top of the fertilizer liquid negative pressure regulator;
the fertilizer liquid negative pressure regulator comprises a second sealed container and a second air inlet pipe, wherein water is contained in the second sealed container, the second air inlet pipe is a hollow straight-through pipeline, the top of the second sealed container is inserted into the water in the second sealed container, and the water level difference between the bottom of the second air inlet pipe and the water level in the second sealed container is a preset second negative pressure water level difference threshold value;
the bottom of the fertilizer liquid barrel is also communicated with a water delivery pipeline through a liquid outlet pipeline, and a fertilizer liquid control valve for controlling the output of fertilizer liquid is arranged on the liquid outlet pipeline;
the bottom of the water storage bucket is also communicated with one end of the water delivery pipeline through a water outlet pipeline;
one end of a first water pipeline forming the main water pipeline is connected to the joint of the water source water pipeline and the fertilizer pipeline, the other end of the first water pipeline is connected to a three-way valve, the other two interfaces of the three-way valve are connected with the second water pipeline and the negative pressure double water supply pipe, and the rest negative pressure double water supply pipes are sequentially connected with the water pipeline through the three-way valve;
The negative pressure double water supply pipe includes: the PVC water delivery pipe is connected with the three-way valve and the four-way valve;
one end of the PE water delivery hose is connected with the PVC water delivery pipe through a four-way valve, and the other end of the PE water delivery hose is connected with the steel wire mesh skeleton polyvinyl formal composite pipe through a three-way valve;
the steel wire mesh skeleton polyvinyl formal composite pipe is divided into three layers, wherein the inner layer is made of hard PVFM material, the middle layer is made of steel wire mesh reinforcing layer, the outer layer is made of soft PVFM material, and the composite pipes are connected by a three-way valve;
the water delivery pipeline comprises: a first water pipe, a second supporting water pipe, a third water pipe, a water hose and a steel wire mesh skeleton polyvinyl formal composite pipe, wherein,
the first water conveying pipe is obliquely arranged, the third water conveying pipe is horizontally arranged, the second supporting water pipe is vertically arranged, the steel wire mesh skeleton polyvinyl formal composite pipe is buried in soil, and water is supplied to the soil at a preset negative pressure;
the upper end of the first water delivery pipe is communicated with the water delivery pipe through a four-way valve, the first water delivery pipe is also communicated with a second supporting water pipe, the second supporting water pipe is communicated with a third water delivery pipe, the third water delivery pipe is communicated with a water delivery hose, and the water delivery hose is communicated with a steel wire mesh skeleton polyvinyl formal composite pipe.
2. The integrated system for negative pressure irrigation and water and fertilizer in greenhouse fields according to claim 1, wherein the center of the junction of the water outlet pipeline of the water storage barrel, the water outlet pipeline of the fertilizer liquid barrel and the first water pipeline is 3-5 cm higher than the center point of the water pipeline.
3. The integrated system for negative pressure irrigation and water and fertilizer in greenhouse fields according to claim 1, wherein the first gas regulating hole which is arranged on the first sealed container and is communicated with the irrigation water guide pipe is higher than the water level in the water storage barrel.
4. The integrated system for negative pressure irrigation and water and fertilizer in a greenhouse field according to claim 3, wherein the first gas regulating hole is positioned higher than the water inlet of the water storage barrel.
5. The integrated system of negative pressure irrigation and water and fertilizer for a greenhouse field of claim 3, wherein the water level in the first sealed container is lower than the first gas regulating orifice.
6. The integrated system for negative pressure irrigation and water and fertilizer in greenhouse fields according to claim 1, wherein the height difference between the liquid level in the fertilizer liquid negative pressure regulator and the bottom of the second air inlet pipe is smaller than the height difference between the liquid level in the irrigation liquid negative pressure regulator and the bottom of the first air inlet pipe.
7. The integrated system for negative pressure irrigation and water and fertilizer in greenhouse fields according to claim 1, wherein the first water pipe and the third water pipe form an included angle of 3 ° -5 °.
8. The integrated system for negative pressure irrigation and water-fertilizer in greenhouse fields of claim 7, wherein the steel wire mesh skeleton polyvinyl formal composite pipe comprises: an inner hard layer, a middle reinforcing layer, and an outer soft layer, wherein,
the inner hard layer is made of hard PVFM materials to form a hollow pipeline, the middle reinforcing layer is a steel wire mesh layer for enhancing the rigidity and strength of the composite pipe, the inner hard layer is covered, the outer soft layer is made of soft PVFM materials, and the middle reinforcing layer is covered.
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