CN115868399A - Normal position negative pressure water-saving irrigation system - Google Patents
Normal position negative pressure water-saving irrigation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an in-situ negative pressure water-saving irrigation system, which comprises an irrigation water source and a plurality of in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices with a stable negative pressure difference control function, wherein the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices are uniformly distributed at the soil position of a root layer of a crop, the irrigation water source is communicated with the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices through water conveying pipes, each negative pressure irrigation device comprises an irrigation emitter, the root system of the crop absorbs water from a soil matrix for photosynthesis and transpiration, and the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices convey the internal negative pressure water to the soil matrix through the irrigation emitters under the suction action of the soil matrix so as to realize stable and continuous active water supply to the crop. The invention can keep the proper moisture state of the root soil of the crops while reasonably utilizing the irrigation water to avoid ineffective waste, ensures the normal growth requirement of the crops, and is suitable for the technical field of irrigation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of irrigation, and particularly relates to an in-situ negative-pressure water-saving irrigation system.
Background
The normal growth of the crops can not leave the proper soil moisture condition of the underground root layer, and the water consumption requirement of the overground canopy part of the crops in the photosynthesis and transpiration process is met. When the water content of the root layer soil of the crops is reduced to a threshold value which can not meet the requirement of the root system of the crops for absorbing and utilizing the soil water, the irrigation becomes an important guarantee for maintaining the normal growth of the crops. The main purpose of irrigation is to keep the proper water condition of root soil and avoid drought stress in the root soil to affect the normal photosynthetic metabolism of crops. Compared with the physiological and ecological water consumption and water demand processes of crops, the conventional irrigation is to artificially and actively supply water to the crops passively, time-space dislocation always occurs between the conventional irrigation and the water demand of the crops, and drought stress often occurs while a large amount of irrigation water is wasted. No matter what irrigation technology is adopted in common irrigation, including the most common flood irrigation (ground irrigation), sprinkling irrigation, drip irrigation and the like, the process that external water enters soil to become soil water completely depends on manual and active actions such as splashing, watering, dripping, pressing and the like or natural water head difference, only part of the water entering the soil enters root layer soil and is absorbed by crop roots and utilized by canopy photosynthesis and transpiration, and the other part of the water becomes invalid water of crops through leakage, evaporation and the like of the soil, so that the appropriate moisture state of the root layer soil cannot be continuously maintained while a large amount of irrigation water is wasted.
In prior art, for solving traditional irrigation system and carrying out the crop irrigation, still can not continuously keep the problem of the suitable moisture state of root layer soil when causing a large amount of irrigation water extravagant, also some crops adopt the negative pressure irrigation technique.
The root system of the crop absorbs water from the soil, the water in the soil moves to the rhizosphere, the water enters the root system of the crop from the rhizosphere soil, the water absorbed by the root system is transported to the overground canopy part through the stem part of the crop, and the water enters the atmosphere through the transpiration of the overground canopy part of the crop, so that a continuous crop water transmission process (SPAC) is formed. The water consumption of the part of the overground canopy of the crop is carried out, the water content of the root layer soil is reduced, the water potential is reduced, the negative pressure irrigation is that the external negative pressure water is actively transported to the root layer soil of the crop by utilizing the matrix suction of the root layer soil, the water potential difference is driven, the root layer soil continuously keeps the adaptive soil water content, and the water consumption requirements of photosynthesis and transpiration in the normal physiological and ecological process of the crop are met. The negative pressure irrigation is driven based on the moisture process of the physiological ecology in the crop field, actively requires water from the outside, has the advantages of good water saving effect, high water resource utilization rate, strong adjusting capability, capability of enabling soil to always keep the moisture content suitable for the growth of crops and the like, and the basic research of the negative pressure irrigation technology is mainly reflected in the aspects of a negative pressure form, a pressure maintaining technology, a negative pressure water seepage material (a water seepage material of a water seepage device) and an integral negative pressure irrigation system formed by different combinations of the factors and the like, so the negative pressure irrigation technology still suffers from some key problems in the development and application process.
The basic conditions for realizing negative pressure irrigation are as follows: 1) Root layer soil unsaturation; 2) The external water keeps constant water potential and keeps stable negative pressure difference with the root layer soil; 3) Effectiveness of distance between outside water and root layer soil; 4) The water potential energy of the air-permeable water-impermeable water can be converted into an interface efficiently.
Therefore, based on the water migration and transpiration process and rule of field soil, crops and atmospheric continuum (SPAC), the negative pressure irrigation technology actively absorbs and utilizes external water through the matrix potential energy of the root layer soil of the crops, and automatically pumps the water to a high place through the suction force of the soil matrix and then irrigates the water, so that the problem that irrigation water waste and drought stress are contradictory easily caused by various commonly applied positive pressure irrigation technologies is solved.
However, in the prior art, the common negative pressure irrigation is limited by a negative pressure difference stabilizing technology and an external environment, the problem of air plug blockage is often encountered in the irrigation water source of the negative pressure irrigation and the irrigation emitter irrigation process, the continuous water source supply cannot be ensured, and the traditional irrigation emitter is limited by the characteristics of water permeability and air impermeability and has higher requirements on water permeable materials. The stable pressure system and the water irrigator are permeable and impermeable, so that the threshold of the application of the negative pressure irrigation technology is improved, the comprehensive cost of the negative pressure irrigation system is increased, and the wide application of the negative pressure irrigation technology is restricted to different degrees.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an in-situ negative pressure water-saving irrigation system, which is used for solving the problems that in the prior art, a traditional irrigation system is adopted for crop irrigation, so that a large amount of irrigation water is wasted, and the proper water state of root layer soil cannot be continuously maintained, and the traditional irrigation system is limited by a negative pressure difference stabilizing technology and an external environment, so that the problem of air plug blockage is often encountered in the irrigation water source of negative pressure irrigation and the irrigation emitter irrigation process, the continuous water source supply cannot be ensured, the traditional irrigation emitter is limited by the characteristic of water permeability and air impermeability, the requirement on water seepage materials is high, the threshold of application of the negative pressure irrigation technology is improved due to the stable pressure system and the water permeability and air impermeability of the emitter, the comprehensive cost of the negative pressure irrigation system is increased, and the wide application of the negative pressure irrigation technology is restricted to different degrees.
In order to realize the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides an normal position negative pressure water-saving irrigation system, includes irrigation water source and a plurality of normal position negative pressure irrigation equipment that has the control function of stabilizing the negative pressure difference, a plurality of normal position negative pressure irrigation equipment evenly distributed is in crop root layer soil position, and irrigation water source is linked together through raceway and a plurality of normal position negative pressure irrigation equipment, and every negative pressure irrigation equipment includes the emitter, and the root system of crop absorbs moisture from the soil matrix and is used for photosynthesis and transpiration, and normal position negative pressure irrigation equipment is under the suction effect of soil matrix, realizes the stable and initiative feedwater that lasts to the crop in transporting inside negative pressure water to the soil matrix through the emitter.
Furthermore, normal position negative pressure irrigation equipment is including moisturizing case and the storage water tank that from top to bottom sets gradually, and the moisturizing case is linked together with irrigation water source, links to each other through the negative pressure difference stabilizator pipe between moisturizing case and the storage water tank, and the emitter sets up between moisturizing case and storage water tank and cladding around the negative pressure difference stabilizator pipe, and the storage water tank passes through the emitter and initiatively supplies water to the crop under soil matrix suction effect.
Furthermore, the top of the water replenishing tank is provided with a water inlet, the water inlet is connected with an irrigation water source through a water conveying pipe, the water inlet is provided with a float switch, the bottom of the water replenishing tank is provided with a water outlet, and the water outlet is connected with the top of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe.
Furthermore, the top of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe is connected with a water outlet at the bottom of the water replenishing tank, the bottom of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe extends into the water storage tank, and a water inlet hole for supplying water to the water storage tank is formed in the bottom of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe.
Furthermore, the caliber of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe is far larger than the aperture of a water outlet hole of the water replenishing tank and a water inlet hole of the water storage tank.
Furthermore, the water storage tank, the water replenishing tank and the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe are made of PVC materials.
Furthermore, a plurality of soil moisture sensors used for measuring the soil moisture of the root layer and the negative pressure irrigation effect are arranged around the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device.
Furthermore, the irrigator comprises an irrigation material, the irrigation material is filled in the water storage tank and is coated around the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe through a water permeable net.
Furthermore, the water irrigation material is made of a water seepage material which has good water seepage performance and is durable.
Furthermore, irrigation water source adopts the irrigation water source of liquid manure integration function.
Due to the adoption of the structure, compared with the prior art, the invention has the technical progress that:
(1) The in-situ negative pressure irrigation device is characterized in that a plurality of in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices are buried at the soil position of the root layer of crops, an irrigation water source is communicated with the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices through a water delivery pipe, the root system of the crops absorbs water from a soil matrix for photosynthesis and transpiration, the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices transport the internal negative pressure water into the soil matrix through an irrigation emitter under the suction action of the soil matrix to realize stable and continuous active water supply to the crops, drought stress cannot occur while the irrigation water is greatly wasted, active water supply is carried out through the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices, the irrigation water is reasonably utilized to avoid invalid waste, and meanwhile, the appropriate water state of the root layer soil of the crops can be continuously maintained, and the normal growth demand of the crops is ensured;
(2) The water at the external irrigation water source is integrated into a water supply, irrigation and pressure control integrated negative pressure difference control system through the water supplementing tank, the float switch, the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe and the water storage tank by the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device, the air plug blocking condition can not occur, the water supply, negative pressure difference control system and the irrigation emitter are integrated, the whole irrigation process of in-situ negative pressure irrigation of an irrigation water head, the irrigation water source and the irrigation emitter is not influenced by the air plug blocking, and the cost and the application condition of the pressure control system of the active soil water supply of crops, namely the pressure potential difference, are greatly reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device in the embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an in-situ negative pressure irrigation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating the use state of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device in the embodiment of the invention.
Labeling components: 01-irrigation water source, 02-in-situ negative pressure irrigation device, 21-water replenishing tank, 211-water inlet, 212-float switch, 213-water outlet, 22-negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe, 221-water inlet, 23-water storage tank, 24-irrigator, 241-water permeable net, 242-irrigation material, 03-fruit tree, 04-water delivery pipe.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only for illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be considered as limiting the present invention.
The invention discloses an in-situ negative pressure water-saving irrigation system, which comprises an irrigation water source 01 and a plurality of in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices 02 with a stable negative pressure difference control function, wherein the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices 02 are uniformly distributed at the root soil position of crops, the effectiveness of the distance between outside water and the root soil is ensured, the irrigation water source 01 is communicated with the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices 02 through a water pipe 04, each negative pressure irrigation device comprises an irrigation emitter 24, and a plurality of soil moisture sensors for measuring the root soil moisture and the negative pressure irrigation effect are arranged around the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices 02. The root system of the crop absorbs water from the soil matrix for photosynthesis and transpiration, and the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 transports the internal negative pressure water into the soil matrix through the irrigator 24 under the suction effect of the soil matrix to realize stable and continuous active water supply to the crop. Bury a plurality of normal position negative pressure irrigation equipment 02 in crop root layer soil position underground, irrigation water source 01 is linked together through raceway 04 and a plurality of normal position negative pressure irrigation equipment 02, the root system of crop absorbs moisture from the soil matrix and is used for photosynthesis and transpiration, normal position negative pressure irrigation equipment 02 is under the suction effect of soil matrix, realize stable and lasting initiative feedwater to the crop in transporting the inside negative pressure water to the soil matrix through irrigator 24, can not take place the arid coercion when avoiding irrigation a large amount of wastes, when rational utilization irrigation water avoids invalid waste, can also continuously keep the suitable moisture state of crop root layer soil, guarantee the normal growth demand of crop.
The core problem of negative pressure irrigation is the steady negative pressure differential and the continuous water delivery assurance (no air-lock blockage) between the water source to the emitter 24. Negative pressure differential among ordinary negative pressure irrigation system mainly utilizes the flood peak difference, and flood peak formula negative pressure differential is that the air pressure regulation and control below 1 atmospheric pressure of depositing the water receiver top of irrigation water to form the negative pressure of irrigation water, because can't get rid of the influence that the irrigation water column changes, the negative pressure is undulant in certain extent, and the biggest advantage of the differential negative pressure differential of flood peak is exactly that equipment is simple, but the shortcoming is also very obvious: firstly, the crops need to be placed in a place higher than a water source, and the field application is inconvenient; secondly, the negative pressure which can be maintained is relatively small, and air dissolved in irrigation water under the negative pressure escapes, and is gradually accumulated in the irrigator 24 or the water conveying pipe 04 to easily form air embolism, so that the irrigation water is cut off and the irrigation process is interrupted. Aiming at the defect of the water head type negative pressure difference, the water head differential type negative pressure difference is gradually replaced by the air pressure type negative pressure difference, the air pressure of an air inlet hole below a water receiver with the Malpighian bottle principle is regulated and controlled below 1 atmospheric pressure, so that constant and stable negative pressure irrelevant to the height of an irrigation water column is formed, and an air pressure type negative pressure difference irrigation system is further developed. Under the action of the air pressure type negative pressure difference, the water source can be placed at a position higher than the irrigator 24, the field application is as convenient as the traditional drip irrigation, and air escaping from irrigation water is automatically collected to the water storage device and cannot stay in the irrigator 24 and the connecting pipeline. Meanwhile, in order to eliminate the condition that the irrigation water flow is blocked by the air plug in the suspended water column method, a negative pressure pump continuous air suction method is designed, namely a method of continuously sucking air by using a negative pressure pump and keeping the circulation of irrigation water is adopted to maintain negative pressure. At present, water columns are still adopted to form negative pressure, and the technology has no greater advantages in the aspects of volume, quality, space occupation and the like and the water head difference technology. Therefore, the negative pressure is maintained by the spontaneous circulating static pressure driven by the potential energy difference between the irrigation water and the soil water, and a negative pressure control system with more efficient performance, smaller volume and lighter weight needs to be developed.
The stable negative pressure difference-pressure control system for actively utilizing the soil water of the root layer of the crop root system is unstable and has high cost. The water and air permeable and impermeable characteristics of the irrigator 24 in negative pressure irrigation have strict requirements on material selection, and more provide higher requirements on the negative pressure difference in the water delivery process and the maintenance of irrigation continuity.
As a preferred embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 includes a water supply tank 21 and a water storage tank 23 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the water supply tank 21 is communicated with an irrigation water source 01, the water supply tank 21 and the water storage tank 23 are connected through a negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22, an emitter 24 is arranged between the water supply tank 21 and the water storage tank 23 and covers around the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22, and the water storage tank 23 actively supplies water to crops under the suction action of soil matrix through the emitter 24. The top of the water replenishing tank 21 is provided with a water inlet 211, the water inlet 211 is connected with an irrigation water source 01 through a water pipe 04, the water inlet 211 is provided with a float switch 212, the bottom of the water replenishing tank 21 is provided with a water outlet 213, and the water outlet 213 is connected with the top of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22. The top of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is connected with the water outlet hole 213 at the bottom of the water replenishing tank 21, the bottom of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 extends into the water storage tank 23, and the bottom of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is provided with a water inlet hole 221 for supplying water to the water storage tank 23. The caliber of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is far larger than the diameters of the water outlet hole 213 of the water replenishing tank 21 and the water inlet hole 211 of the water storage tank 23.
The system comprises a water replenishing tank 21, a water storage tank 23 and a negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 for connecting the water replenishing tank 21 and the water storage tank 23. The core structure is designed as follows: firstly, the water replenishing tank 21 is arranged above the water storing tank 23, and the water replenishing tank and the water storing tank keep a stable gravitational potential energy difference; secondly, the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is connected with the water supplementing tank 21 and the water storage tank 23, so that water in the water supplementing tank 21 enters the water storage tank 23 through the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 through gravitational potential energy; thirdly, the diameter of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is far larger than the diameters of the water outlet hole 213 of the water replenishing tank 21 and the water inlet hole 211 of the water storage tank 23.
The core technical working principle of the system for realizing the stable negative pressure difference is as follows: 1) The stable gravitational potential energy difference of the water replenishing tank 21 and the water storage tank 23; 2) The negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 has the characteristic of water and air permeability due to the large and small aperture design. As shown in fig. 2, the irrigation water source 01 is poured into the make-up water tank 21 from the water inlet 211, and the gravitational potential energy drives the water in the make-up water tank 21 to enter the large-aperture negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 through the small-aperture water outlet 213 and to drop into the water storage tank 23 through the small-aperture water inlet 221; because the water inflow of the water inlet 211 of the water replenishing tank 21 is far larger than the water outflow of the water outlet 213, the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is quickly sealed by water from the air inlet channel of the upper water replenishing tank 21; the water dropping from the water replenishing tank 21 through the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 enters the water storage tank 23 through the water inlet hole 221, the water replenishing tank 21 supplies water to the water storage tank 23 through the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22, and as the water level in the water storage tank 23 rises, the air inlet channel of the water storage tank 23 at the lower part of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is also sealed by water quickly, so that the air under the atmospheric environmental condition at that time is sealed in the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 to form air pressure, namely, air with certain pressure exists in the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22, the air with certain pressure forms an air pressure water replenishing channel for replenishing water to the water storage tank 23 by the water replenishing tank 21, the upper end and the lower end of the air pressure water replenishing channel are respectively sealed by the water replenishing tank 21 and the water storage tank 23, so that the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is always kept in a water permeable and air impermeable state, and a stable negative pressure difference control system is formed for external water to keep constant water potential and stable negative pressure difference with the root layer soil.
Along with the fact that the water amount of the outside water flowing into the water inlet 211 is larger than the water outlet amount of the water outlet hole 213, the water level of the water replenishing tank 21 rises rapidly, and the water level of the water replenishing tank 21 is automatically controlled through the design of the float switch 212; when the water level rises to a certain height, the float switch 212 automatically closes the water inlet of the irrigation water source 01 at the water inlet 211; (1) the water level of the water storage tank 23 continuously rises along with the continuous supply of the water replenishing tank 21, and the air in the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is continuously compressed, so that the air pressure in the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 is continuously increased compared with the external atmospheric pressure; (2) since the water outlet hole 213 is a micro hole with a small aperture, gas and liquid phases cannot be exchanged (liquid drops while gas escapes upward); (3) based on the 'Jamin effect' on a gas-liquid interface, when liquid passes through a tiny pore channel, deformation must be generated firstly, the deformation process is used for overcoming the surface tension of liquid phase fluid to do work, so that resistance is generated to resist the liquid phase fluid to continuously drop downwards; moreover, the smaller the inner diameter of the pore channel, the larger the deformation of the specific surface area (the smaller the particle diameter of the water drop, the larger the specific surface area of the water drop), the larger the resistance to acting against the deformation of the water drop, and finally the dropping phenomenon is terminated, so that the water in the water replenishing tank 21 does not drop downwards from the water outlet hole 213, and the water replenishing tank 21 stops replenishing water to the water storage tank 23. The negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 has the key functions that the water-permeable and air-impermeable state is kept for a long time, the water replenishing tank 21 is continuously maintained to continuously replenish water to the water storage tank 23 by utilizing the gravitational potential energy of the water replenishing tank 21 and the water storage tank 23, and the pressure balance of the water replenishing tank 21 and the water storage tank 23 is realized through the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 to form a dynamic water replenishing process.
In the ordinary negative pressure irrigation, the water pipe 04 connecting the water source and the emitter 24 is easy to be blocked by air plugs, which affects the continuous water supply irrigation of the water source, and the stable negative pressure difference between the water source and the emitter 24 is difficult to maintain, thus becoming a great technical problem in the application process of the negative pressure irrigation. Through the design, the water of the external irrigation water source 01 passes through the water supplementing tank 21, the float switch 212, the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 and the water storage tank 23 to realize a negative pressure difference control system integrating water supply, irrigation and pressure control, and the air plug blockage situation can not occur.
On the basis of a negative pressure control system integrating water supply, irrigation and pressure control, the irrigator 24 is integrated into the system, so that the system design of an in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 buried in root soil is formed. As shown in figure 3, on the basis of the integrated design of the water supply, irrigation and stable negative pressure control system in figure 2, an emitter 24 is arranged around a negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 and extends below the water level of a water storage tank 23, so that a root layer soil in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 integrating the water supply, stable negative pressure and the emitter 24 is formed. When the root soil absorbs water from the irrigator 24 and the water potential of the irrigator 24 is low, the root soil absorbs water from the water storage tank 23, and the water supplementing tank 21 is driven by gravitational potential energy to supplement water for the water storage tank 23 along with the reduction of the water level of the water storage tank 23; along with the water level of the water replenishing tank 21 is reduced, the float switch 212 is switched on, the external irrigation water source 01 starts to enter the water replenishing tank 21, and water source replenishment is carried out on the water storage tank 23 through the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22; when the root soil contacted by the emitter 24 reaches water saturation and no longer absorbs water from the water storage tank 23, the water replenishing tank 21 stops replenishing water to the water storage tank 23, and the float switch 212 is turned off. Therefore, the irrigator 24 integrated with the water replenishing tank 21, the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 and the water storage tank 23 realizes the 'in-situ negative pressure irrigation' of the water supply, the negative pressure difference control and the irrigation on the soil of the root layer of the crops, and the negative pressure irrigation process is not influenced by various uncertain factors of the original negative pressure irrigation water source 01, the water pipe 04, the irrigator 24 and a pressure control system, particularly the problem of air-lock blockage.
The in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 is directly buried in the root soil of the crops to be irrigated, and the in-situ negative pressure irrigation of the crops can be implemented by connecting an irrigation water source 01. As shown in FIG. 4, when the water content of the root soil is reduced and the water potential of the soil is reduced, the root soil is driven by the soil matrix potential, the root soil starts to absorb water from the irrigator 24, the irrigator 24 absorbs water from the water storage tank 23 until the water potential of the irrigator 24 and the soil in contact with the water is saturated, the irrigator 24, the water storage tank 23 and the water replenishing tank 21 reach the balance, the water supply is stopped when the root soil is saturated, and the water is supplied to the external water storage tank 23 through the irrigator 24 when the root soil is unsaturated, so that the root soil is not limited by the unsaturated factor of the root soil. When the absorption and utilization of the plant root system to the soil water are reduced to the extent that the requirement of photosynthesis and transpiration cannot be met, the plant root layer soil actively needs water from the outside, and the defects of general irrigation can be avoided. Driven by the physiological activities of photosynthesis and transpiration water consumption of crops, the artificial passive water supply of the crops is changed into the active water supply of the crops, and the external water in the root soil layer is changed into continuously suitable soil water for being absorbed and utilized by the crops.
Based on the negative pressure difference control system, the water supply, the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 and the irrigator 24 are integrated into a whole to form the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 buried in the soil of the root layer of the crops, and the stabilized negative pressure difference is not influenced by the material of the water conveying pipe 04 and the irrigator 24 through in-situ negative pressure irrigation on the soil of the root layer of the crops, so that various adverse limiting factors in the processes of water source 01, water conveying, irrigation and the like of the traditional negative pressure irrigation are eliminated.
As a preferred embodiment, the water storage tank 23, the water replenishing tank 21 and the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 are made of PVC material. The emitter 24 includes an irrigation material 242, and the irrigation material 242 is filled in the water storage tank 23 and is covered around the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 by a water permeable net 241. The irrigation material 242 is made of a water permeable material with good water permeability and durability. The irrigation water source 01 with the water and fertilizer integrated function is adopted, so that the nutrient supply of crops can be more convenient, and the vigorous growth of the crops can be ensured.
In the invention, the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 which integrates a water supply, irrigation and negative pressure difference control system and the irrigation emitter 24 and is buried in the soil of the root layer of crops is developed successfully through corresponding design and process and purchasing the water seepage material of the irrigation emitter 24 commonly used in the market. As shown in figure 3, the upper part is an integrated integration of the water inlet 211, the water supplementing tank 21 and the float water control valve, the lower part is a water storage tank 23, the middle part is a negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 integrated with the irrigator 24, and finally, the upper connection part and the lower connection part are integrated into a whole through the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22. The device is directly buried into the root layer soil at the proper position of the crops to be irrigated, and any water source for irrigation is switched on, so that the in-situ negative pressure irrigation of the root layer soil of the crops can be implemented.
The irrigator 24 is the most important device for negative pressure irrigation, the material of the irrigator 24 is required to be water-permeable and air-impermeable, and the current common irrigator 24 material is usually processed by ceramic materials, so that the manufacture of the ceramic irrigator 24 with the length of more than several meters is difficult under the restriction of the sintering process in the production process. The ceramic irrigator 24 has poor toughness, is fragile and high in cost, the cost of the ceramic irrigator at least accounts for more than 90% of the total cost of the whole system, the problem of micropore blockage is not effectively solved, other materials comprise fibers, polyvinyl formal foam (PVFM) and the like, the materials have certain advantages compared with ceramics, and the manufactured irrigator 24 has good water seepage performance and is not easy to break. The new materials are much better than the ceramic douche 24, but the time durability, the environmental protection performance, the anti-blocking performance and the like of the new materials in soil are not fully verified, and whether the industrial large-scale production can be realized is yet to be proved only by carrying out the manual mold method production in a laboratory; the cement-based concrete is a high-hydrophilicity microporous material, does not need to be sintered, can be easily manufactured into a pipe with the length of 5 meters or more, has wide raw materials and low price, and can be theoretically used for manufacturing the negative pressure irrigation emitter 24, however, the existing foaming method and foaming agent of the cement-based concrete are mainly used for forming heat-insulating, flame-retardant, anti-seepage and sound-insulating building and decoration materials, the pores of the existing foaming method and foaming agent of the cement-based concrete are closed pores with the size of more than 100 micrometers, and much research is needed on how to obtain the cement-based foamed concrete which has high water permeability, micron-sized open pore structures and is suitable for negative pressure irrigation. The low cost, durability and general applicability of the emitter 24 is lacking. The irrigator 24 is an interface for converting external water into soil water, and is an important factor influencing the negative pressure irrigation rate, and the high-performance negative pressure water seepage material is the core content of the research on the negative pressure irrigation technology. The traditional negative pressure water seepage material is a pottery clay head, has no flexibility, is fragile, has poor processability and high price, improves the water seepage device material, develops a new water irrigator 24 which is cheap, easy to produce and generally applicable, and realizes the large-scale application of negative pressure irrigation. Therefore, the research and development of high-efficiency potential energy conversion interface materials such as capillary tube materials with low price, high hydrophilicity, low reverse osmosis pressure, water delivery rate and high water delivery height are important aspects related to the performance of the irrigator 24, the pressure difference and the cost of a water delivery and negative pressure irrigation system.
Therefore, it should be further explained that, because the present invention has the "water and air permeable" performance of the negative pressure difference stabilizing tube 22, the material of the emitter 24 of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 is not limited by the "water and air permeable" performance, and various available water permeable materials in the market can be selected according to the practical use environment and cost accounting, the most original quartz sand, the commonly used ceramic, and the more advanced new material can be used to form a water potential energy efficient conversion interface, and the water permeable material of the emitter 24 in the embodiment of fig. 3 is ceramic. The size of the water replenishing tank 21 and the water storage tank 23, the water levels (H and H), the length of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22 and the irrigator 24 and the like of the device can be optimally designed and combined in various adaptability according to the actual agricultural production, and the requirements of different field irrigation conditions are met. The invention discloses a water-permeable and air-impermeable negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe 22, a water supplementing tank 21 and a water storage tank 23, which are driven by gravity to form a stable negative pressure difference control system, thoroughly solves the problem of air plug blockage in the irrigation process of the irrigation water source 01 water supply and the irrigator 24 of the conventional negative pressure irrigation, and can ensure the continuous supply of the irrigation water source 01 ground.
In summary, the water-saving irrigation system provided by the invention has the following characteristics:
1. the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 realizes the integration of a water supply and negative pressure difference control system and the irrigator 24, so that the whole irrigation process of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation of the irrigation water head, the irrigation water source 01 and the irrigator is not influenced by air plug blockage, and the cost and the application condition of the pressure potential difference-active soil water supply pressure control system of crops are greatly reduced.
2. The in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 is integrally designed with the water supply and irrigation device 24 through a negative pressure difference control system, so that in-situ negative pressure irrigation of the soil of the root layer of the crops is realized, the negative pressure irrigation is not influenced by the height of a water head any more, the negative pressure irrigation can be realized in a place suitable for an irrigation water source 01, and the wide applicability of the negative pressure irrigation is greatly improved.
3. The in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 reduces the high requirements of the irrigator 24 on water permeable materials. The in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 provided by the invention reduces the negative pressure irrigation cost, thoroughly changes the field application limit of common negative pressure irrigation, enables the in-situ negative pressure irrigation to be more flexible, diversified and changeable in field application, adapts to different field conditions, greatly reduces the cost, is more widely applied and has more reliable tolerance.
4. The negative pressure difference control system reduces the limitation of the prior negative pressure irrigation on the materials of the irrigator 24, the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 eliminates the disadvantage of the prior negative pressure irrigation that the prior irrigation water source 01, water delivery and irrigator 24 are frequently blocked by air plugs, reduces the requirement threshold of the prior negative pressure irrigation on the environmental conditions, and changes the future application scene and design idea of the negative pressure irrigation.
5. The invention provides a negative pressure irrigation operation system with high timeliness and durability, namely a water-saving irrigation system. All current negative pressure irrigation studies can be roughly divided into three types from the test method point of view: the method comprises an indoor test, a pot experiment and a field experiment, wherein the research content of the indoor test mostly does not include the influence of crops, however, the latter two researches select the crops with short growth cycle and lack the verification of the long-term running state of the negative pressure irrigation system. The negative pressure irrigation technology is required to be applied and popularized, and the durability and adaptability of the operation of the whole system are necessary requirements.
In addition, in order to verify the practical application effect of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation technology, the subject group performs an irrigation test on the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 in the orchard.
Experimental design and implementation. And a mountain apple orchard with harsher irrigation conditions is selected, and long-term tests and demonstration are carried out. The apple orchard is located at Jing\38473of Shijiazhuang city, yinling agriculture development Limited county, which is a typical mountain apple orchard. The test starts in early spring of 2002, the growing season of apples is 3-10 months in 2022, the area of an apple orchard is 1 mu in the in-situ negative pressure irrigation test, the variety is Guoguang, and the row spacing and the plant spacing of fruit trees are 3m multiplied by 4 m. The area of the control apple orchard is also 1 mu, the variety and the planting conditions are the same as those of the apple orchard in the in-situ negative pressure irrigation test, and the irrigation mode is the most common ground flood irrigation in the local traditional application. In-situ negative pressure irrigation test apple orchard is designed as shown in figure 1, a water pipe 04 comprises a main water pipe 04 and branch pipes, an irrigation water source 01 comes out and enters the main water pipe 04 among the rows of fruit trees 03, each fruit tree 03 is connected to an in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 through the branch pipes and the main water pipe 04, 3 in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices 02 are designed for each fruit tree 03, and effectiveness of distance between outside water and root soil is guaranteed. The practical application scenario of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 in the apple orchard is shown in fig. 1. With the fruit tree 03 as the center, 3 normal position negative pressure irrigation equipment 02 are installed in an equilateral triangle and buried around the fruit tree 03. Each in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 is installed at a position 40cm away from the trunk, and the installation depth is 30cm. The water seepage process of the soil moisture when the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 irrigates water in the irrigation period, namely the irrigation effect of the crop root layer soil; by arranging soil moisture sensors around the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02, the irrigation effect is continuously monitored. Meanwhile, the in-situ negative pressure irrigation effect is verified by measuring the water seepage process of the irrigator 24 and the change of the water content of the root layer soil. Randomly selecting an in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 from an in-situ negative pressure irrigation test apple orchard, and sequentially installing No. 4, no. 5 and No. 6 soil moisture sensors at the center of an irrigator 24 of the device along the horizontal direction at intervals of 7 cm; and the No. 4, 5 and 6 soil moisture sensors are sequentially arranged 10cm above the translation of the No. 4, 5 and 6 soil moisture sensors, and the No. 7, 8 and 9 soil moisture sensors are sequentially arranged 10cm below the translation. The dynamic change of soil moisture in the range of 21cm × 20cm in the horizontal and vertical directions of the emitter 24 was measured by 9 soil moisture sensors. The measurement is carried out for 30 days from 1 to 30 days of 6 months in 2022, and the measurement data of the sensor is collected at 16 points every day at fixed time.
And (5) testing results. (1) Root layer soil water retention effect. The irrigation effect is accurately measured by monitoring the soil moisture of the root layer with the horizontal distance of 21cm and the depth of 20cm for the irrigator 24 of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02. From 1/6/2022 to 30/2022, all the soil moisture measured by the soil moisture sensors showed a stable state, indicating that the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 can continuously and stably irrigate the root soil. The soil water content is always kept at a high level which is close to or above 35% of the volume water content of the soil, and the soil water content is close to the field water holding capacity by 1, 4, 7 and 2, 5 and 8 sensors within 4cm of the irrigator 2414. The soil moisture is obviously reduced to about 25 to 30 percent of the volume water content of the soil and about 70 percent of the field water capacity by sensors of 3, 6 and 9 which are at a distance of 2421cm from the irrigator. The water content of the soil between different depths does not change greatly. (2) And (4) water saving effect. The irrigation amount of the apple orchard for the in-situ negative pressure irrigation test and the control apple orchard for the traditional flood irrigation is measured from 3 months and 20 days of early spring management of the apple orchard to 10 months and 25 days of fruit drop. And measuring irrigation quantity of the apple orchard by using the in-situ negative pressure irrigation test in the period of time while measuring irrigation of the control apple orchard irrigated by the traditional flood irrigation. In the same growing period, the irrigation quantity of the control apple orchard of the traditional large water flood irrigation is 3-4 times of that of the apple orchard of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation test. In the whole annual growing period, the irrigation quantity of the apple orchard in the in-situ negative pressure irrigation test is 41.2 square/mu, and the irrigation quantity of a control apple orchard in the traditional flood irrigation is 140 square/mu, which is 3.4 times of that of the apple orchard in the in-situ negative pressure irrigation test. (3) Yield and quality effect. And (3) randomly taking 03 and 30 fruits from 10 fruit trees in the apple orchard of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation test and the control apple orchard, and measuring the yield, the single fruit weight and the sugar content of the apples. The result shows that the yield of the control group is 2489.5 kg/mu, the yield of the test group is 2570.3 kg/mu, and the yield is increased by 3.25%; the sugar content of the control group is 16.7 percent, the sugar content of the test group is 18.0 percent, and the sugar content is increased by 7.7 percent; the weight of a single fruit in a control group is 0.251 kg, and the weight of a single fruit in a test group is 0.265 kg, which is increased by 5.5%.
Therefore, the invention has the following advantages that 1) through a stable negative pressure difference control system, the negative pressure irrigation is not influenced by various factors in the processes of irrigation water source 01-water pipe 04-emitter 24 any more; 2) Based on a stable negative pressure difference control system, the invention discloses an in-situ irrigation technology integrating a pressure control system, a water supply system and an irrigator 24, and develops an in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 which is directly used for irrigating crops and is suitable for the position of root soil; 3) The invention and the design of the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 eliminate the restriction of permeable and impermeable conditions of the prior negative pressure irrigation, break through the restriction bottleneck that the prior negative pressure irrigation is influenced by the material of the douche 24, and the douche 24 can be made of various water permeable materials with water permeability and durability. Therefore, the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device 02 provided by the invention not only reduces the high cost of the traditional negative pressure irrigation pressure control system and water delivery system, but also reduces the requirement on the material of the irrigator 24, realizes the aim of realizing negative pressure irrigation by using the irrigation water source 01, and opens up a new technical approach and a field irrigation design and application mode for the wide application of negative pressure irrigation.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an normal position negative pressure water-saving irrigation system which characterized in that: the negative pressure irrigation device comprises an irrigation water source and a plurality of in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices with a stable negative pressure difference control function, wherein the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices are uniformly distributed at the soil position of the root layer of a crop, the irrigation water source is communicated with the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices through a water conveying pipe, each negative pressure irrigation device comprises an irrigator, the root system of the crop absorbs water from a soil matrix for photosynthesis and transpiration, and the in-situ negative pressure irrigation devices transport the internal negative pressure water to the soil matrix through the irrigators under the suction action of the soil matrix to realize stable and continuous active water supply to the crop.
2. The in-situ negative pressure water-saving irrigation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device comprises a water replenishing tank and a water storage tank which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, wherein the water replenishing tank is communicated with an irrigation water source, the water replenishing tank is connected with the water storage tank through a negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe, an irrigation emitter is arranged between the water replenishing tank and the water storage tank and coated around the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe, and the water storage tank actively supplies water to crops under the action of soil matrix suction through the irrigation emitter.
3. The in-situ negative pressure water-saving irrigation system according to claim 2, characterized in that: the top of the water replenishing tank is provided with a water inlet, the water inlet is connected with an irrigation water source through a water conveying pipe, the water inlet is provided with a float switch, the bottom of the water replenishing tank is provided with a water outlet, and the water outlet is connected with the top of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe.
4. The in-situ negative pressure water-saving irrigation system according to claim 3, wherein: the top of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe is connected with a water outlet at the bottom of the water replenishing tank, the bottom of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe extends into the water storage tank, and a water inlet hole for supplying water to the water storage tank is formed in the bottom of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe.
5. The in-situ negative pressure water-saving irrigation system according to claim 4, wherein: the caliber of the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe is far larger than the aperture of the water outlet hole of the water replenishing tank and the water inlet hole of the water storage tank.
6. The in-situ negative pressure water-saving irrigation system according to claim 2, wherein: the water storage tank, the water replenishing tank and the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe are made of PVC materials.
7. The in-situ negative pressure water-saving irrigation system according to claim 1, wherein: and a plurality of soil moisture sensors for measuring the soil moisture of the root layer and the negative pressure irrigation effect are arranged around the in-situ negative pressure irrigation device.
8. The in-situ negative pressure water-saving irrigation system according to claim 1, wherein: the irrigator comprises an irrigation material, the irrigation material is filled in the water storage tank and is coated around the negative pressure difference stabilizing pipe through a water permeable net.
9. The in-situ negative pressure water-saving irrigation system according to claim 1, wherein: the water irrigation material is made of a water seepage material with good water seepage performance and durability.
10. The in-situ negative pressure water-saving irrigation system according to claim 1, wherein: the irrigation water source adopts an irrigation water source with a water and fertilizer integration function.
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| CN116559383A (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-08-08 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Photosynthetic rate detection method based on interaction of biochar returning root system and soil moisture and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116559383A (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-08-08 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Photosynthetic rate detection method based on interaction of biochar returning root system and soil moisture and application thereof |
| CN116559383B (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-10-24 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | Photosynthetic rate detection method based on interaction of biochar returning root system and soil moisture and application thereof |
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