CN109392400B - Negative pressure irrigation water supply system for greenhouse fields - Google Patents
Negative pressure irrigation water supply system for greenhouse fields Download PDFInfo
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- CN109392400B CN109392400B CN201811398176.1A CN201811398176A CN109392400B CN 109392400 B CN109392400 B CN 109392400B CN 201811398176 A CN201811398176 A CN 201811398176A CN 109392400 B CN109392400 B CN 109392400B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/007—Metering or regulating systems
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
The embodiment of the application discloses a negative pressure irrigation water supply system for greenhouse fields. Comprising the following steps: the water source devices, the water delivery pipelines and the negative pressure double water supply pipes, wherein the number of the water source devices is 2, and the water source devices are positioned at two sides of a target irrigation area; the number of the water pipelines is multiple, the water pipelines are sequentially connected into a main water pipeline through a three-way valve, the water pipelines which are sequentially connected penetrate through ridges and furrows in a greenhouse irrigation area, wherein the first water pipeline is connected with a water source device on one side, and the last water pipeline is connected with the water source device on the other side; the negative pressure double water supply pipes are multiple in number, are positioned on two sides of the main water conveying pipeline and are buried in the greenhouse ridge, and are connected with the main water conveying pipeline through a three-way valve; the water source device comprises: the irrigation water guide pipe comprises a water storage barrel, an irrigation water negative pressure regulator and an irrigation water guide pipe. By the method, the water content of the soil in the root zone can be accurately controlled on the greenhouse scale, and the crop water utilization efficiency is further improved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to an agricultural underground micro-irrigation technology, in particular to a negative pressure irrigation water supply system for greenhouse fields.
Background
At least 2/3 of the earth's fresh water resources are agricultural water. In most parts of the world, agricultural irrigation water is over-exploited and used. The shortage of fresh water resources has become a primary factor limiting the development in most arid and semiarid regions of the world. China is a water resource constraint country, and the average fresh water resource amount is 1/4 of the average value of people in the world, which is far lower than the average water resource amount in the world. In recent years, the domestic available water resources are drastically reduced, and along with the reduction of labor resources and the aggravation of the situation of energy shortage, how to improve the automation and mechanization level of the irrigation technology in China and the agricultural production efficiency is a primary consideration for developing the modern agriculture in China. Wherein, by means of technological innovation, the popularization of negative pressure energy-saving water delivery is an effective technical means for relieving or solving the current situation of agricultural water shortage in China and developing a water-saving modern agricultural road.
The negative pressure irrigation is a novel automatic replenishment water-saving irrigation technology for burying the irrigator underground, and by controlling the water supply negative pressure, the soil water potential can be kept in dynamic balance with the water supply negative pressure during the whole growth period of crops, so that the continuous automatic acquisition of the crops to the water is realized. Because the negative pressure energy-saving water delivery does not damage the soil structure, the water, fertilizer, gas and heat in the soil can be kept in good condition suitable for the growth of crops; meanwhile, the evaporation loss is small, the ground runoff is not generated, the irrigation quantity is small, the duration of one-time irrigation is long, and the water resource utilization rate is high; in addition, the negative pressure energy-saving water delivery is that the negative pressure (water potential difference) generated by crop water consumption is taken as the active pressure of crop water absorption, so that the water filling quantity can be controlled more accurately, invalid inter-plant evaporation can be reduced, and the waste of water is greatly reduced.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional negative pressure irrigation water supply system. Referring to fig. 1, the negative pressure irrigation water supply system includes: a water tank 11, a water pipe 12, a water storage barrel 13 and a negative pressure generator 14. Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
the irrigator 11 is buried in the soil (substrate) and is a "permeable and impermeable" clay pipe.
The water storage tub 13 is installed with a water level pipe 131 for measuring a change in the water level (h 1) in the tub.
The negative pressure generator 14 is composed of three parts, namely: the electromagnetic valve 141, the pressure control switch 142 and the gas tank 143 are communicated with the negative pressure generator 14 and the water storage barrel 13 through the gas pipeline 15, and the gas pipeline 15 is filled with air.
The pressure control switch 142 is used for setting a preset negative pressure, and when the pressure in the gas tank 143 reaches the negative pressure set by the pressure control switch 142 and further descends, the pressure control switch 142 triggers the electromagnetic valve 141, so that external air enters the gas tank 143 through the electromagnetic valve 141. When the pressure of the air entering the gas tank 143 is greater than the negative pressure set by the pressure control switch 142, the solenoid valve 141 is closed, thereby ensuring the stability of the pressure inside the gas tank 143. Because the negative pressure irrigation water supply system is sealed, and the gas pipeline and the gas tank are filled with air, the negative pressure arranged on the pressure control switch in the gas tank is equal to the pressure in the clay pipe. According to the soil hydrodynamics principle, the clay pipe is buried in the soil, and when water flow in the clay pipe enters the soil and the water level in the water storage barrel is reduced due to the water potential gradient difference between the soil and the clay pipe, the pressure in the water storage barrel is reduced, and when the pressure is smaller than the preset negative pressure, gas in the negative pressure generator enters the water storage barrel, so that the pressure of the whole system maintains a dynamic balance state. Wherein the predetermined negative pressure is called a water supply head (water supply negative pressure), and the water content of the soil can be controlled by changing the predetermined negative pressure.
However, the existing negative pressure irrigation water supply system has the problems that as irrigation water contains a certain amount of gas, in the existing negative pressure irrigation process, as irrigation water permeates into root zone soil from a water seepage device, the gas in the irrigation water stays in a water pipe of the irrigation system, if the gas cannot be effectively and timely discharged out of the irrigation system, a gas column is generated in the water pipe, so that the flow of the irrigation water is blocked, the irrigation water cannot be timely supplied to crops, and negative pressure irrigation failure is caused; in addition, the negative pressure water seepage device adopted by the current negative pressure irrigation system can only be used for growing crops in a small area range, if the water supply range is enlarged, the engineering cost can be greatly improved, and the use amount of the single negative pressure water seepage device in a land is too large, so that the management is inconvenient and the water supply is uneven; the existing negative pressure irrigation water and fertilizer integrated system has the problem that the water supply pressure fluctuates within a certain range and the water supply pressure cannot be kept constant, so that crops cannot be ensured to always grow under the condition of stable soil moisture.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the application provides a negative pressure irrigation water supply system for greenhouse fields, which can accurately control the water content of the soil in the root zone on the greenhouse scale, so that the irrigation water utilization efficiency is improved.
The negative pressure irrigation water supply system for greenhouse fields provided by the embodiment of the application comprises: a water source, a water delivery pipeline and a negative pressure double water supply pipe, wherein,
the number of the water sources is 2, and the water sources are positioned at two sides of the target irrigation area;
the number of the water pipelines is multiple, the water pipelines are sequentially connected into a main water pipeline through a three-way valve, the sequentially connected main water pipeline penetrates through ridges and furrows in a greenhouse irrigation area, wherein the first water pipeline is connected with a water source device on one side, and the last water pipeline is connected with the water source device on the other side;
the negative pressure double water supply pipes are multiple in number, are positioned on two sides of the main water conveying pipeline and are buried in the greenhouse ridge, and are connected with the main water conveying pipeline through a three-way valve;
the water source device comprises: a water storage barrel, an irrigation water negative pressure regulator and an irrigation water air duct, wherein,
one end of the irrigation water air duct is communicated with the bottom of the water storage barrel, and the other end is communicated with the top of the irrigation water negative pressure regulator;
the irrigation water negative pressure regulator comprises a first sealed container and a first air inlet pipe, wherein water is contained in the first sealed container, the first air inlet pipe is a hollow straight-through pipeline, the first air inlet pipe is inserted into the water liquid level of the first sealed container through the top of the first sealed container, and the water level difference between the bottom of the first air inlet pipe and the water liquid level in the first sealed container is a preset first negative pressure water level difference threshold value;
a gas-liquid interface is formed in an irrigation water gas guide pipe which is communicated with the bottom of the water storage barrel and the top of the irrigation water negative pressure regulator;
the bottom of the water storage bucket is also communicated with the water delivery pipeline through a water outlet pipeline.
Optionally, one end of a first water pipeline of the main water pipeline is connected with the water storage barrel of the water source device, the other end of the first water pipeline is connected with the three-way valve, the other two interfaces of the three-way valve are connected with the second water pipeline and the negative pressure double water supply pipe, and the rest negative pressure double water supply pipes are sequentially connected with the water pipes through the three-way valve;
optionally, the center of the junction of the water outlet pipeline of the water storage barrel and the first water conveying pipeline is 3-5cm higher than the center point of the water conveying pipeline.
Optionally, a first gas adjusting hole which is arranged on the first sealing container and is communicated with the irrigation water air duct is higher than the water level in the water storage barrel.
Optionally, the position of the first gas adjusting hole is higher than the water inlet of the water storage barrel.
Optionally, the water level in the first sealed container is lower than the first gas regulating orifice.
Optionally, the water delivery pipeline is respectively sealed with the connection part of the negative pressure double water supply pipe, the connection part of the irrigation water air duct and the water storage barrel, the connection part of the irrigation water air duct and the first sealing container, the water inlet part of the water storage barrel and the first air inlet pipe inserted into the first sealing container by using sealing rings.
Optionally, the water delivery pipe includes: a first water pipe, a second supporting water pipe, a third water pipe, a water hose and a steel wire mesh skeleton polyvinyl formal PVFM composite pipe, wherein,
the first water pipe is obliquely arranged, the third water pipe is horizontally arranged, the second supporting water pipe is vertically arranged, the PVFM composite pipe with the steel wire mesh framework is buried in the soil, and water is supplied to the soil at a preset negative pressure;
the top of the first water delivery pipe is communicated with the external water storage barrel, the first water delivery pipe is also communicated with the second supporting water pipe, the second supporting water pipe is communicated with the third water delivery pipe, the third water delivery pipe is communicated with the water delivery hose, and the water delivery hose is communicated with the PVFM composite pipe of the steel wire mesh framework.
Optionally, the first water pipe and the third water pipe form an included angle of 3-5 degrees.
Optionally, the steel mesh skeleton PVFM composite tube comprises: an inner hard layer, a middle reinforcing layer, and an outer soft layer, wherein,
the inner hard layer is made of hard PVFM materials to form a hollow pipeline, the middle reinforcing layer is a steel wire mesh layer for enhancing the rigidity and strength of the composite pipe, the inner hard layer is covered, the outer soft layer is made of soft PVFM materials, and the middle reinforcing layer is covered.
The embodiment of the application provides a negative pressure irrigation water supply system for greenhouse fields, which comprises the following components: the water source devices, the water delivery pipelines and the negative pressure double water supply pipes, wherein the number of the water source devices is 2, and the water source devices are positioned at two sides of a target irrigation area; the number of the water pipelines is multiple, the water pipelines are sequentially connected into a main water pipeline through a three-way valve, the water pipelines which are sequentially connected penetrate through ridges and furrows in a greenhouse irrigation area, wherein the first water pipeline is connected with a water source device on one side, and the last water pipeline is connected with the water source device on the other side; the negative pressure double water supply pipes are multiple in number, are positioned on two sides of the main water conveying pipeline and are buried in the greenhouse ridge; one end of a first water pipeline forming the main water pipeline is connected to the joint of the water source water pipeline and the fertilizer pipeline, the other end of the first water pipeline is connected to a three-way valve, the other two interfaces of the three-way valve are connected with the second water pipeline and the negative pressure double water supply pipe, and the rest negative pressure double water supply pipes are sequentially connected with the water pipeline through the three-way valve; the water source device comprises: the irrigation system comprises a water storage barrel, an irrigation water negative pressure regulator and an irrigation water air duct, wherein one end of the irrigation water air duct is communicated with the bottom of the water storage barrel, and the other end of the irrigation water air duct is communicated with the top of the irrigation water negative pressure regulator; the irrigation water negative pressure regulator comprises a first sealed container and a first air inlet pipe, wherein water is contained in the first sealed container, the first air inlet pipe is a hollow straight-through pipeline, the first air inlet pipe is inserted into the water level of the first sealed container through the top of the first sealed container, and the water level difference between the bottom of the first air inlet pipe and the water level in the first sealed container is a preset first negative pressure water level difference threshold value; a gas-liquid interface is formed in an irrigation water gas guide pipe which is communicated with the bottom of the water storage barrel and the top of the irrigation water negative pressure regulator; the bottom of the water storage bucket is also communicated with the water delivery pipeline through a water outlet pipeline. Therefore, an external pressurizing power device is not needed, the crop water physiological characteristic and the soil tension characteristic are utilized, continuous and automatic acquisition of the crop water is realized, the low utilization efficiency of irrigation water caused by the pressure control error of external pressurizing is avoided, the accurate control of the soil water content of a root zone on the greenhouse scale is realized, the utilization efficiency of irrigation water is improved, the water pressure of water supply to the crop is ensured to be kept constant, and the crop grows under the stable soil water condition.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional negative pressure irrigation water supply system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of a sub-irrigation water supply system for greenhouse fields according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a water source according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a negative pressure dual water supply pipeline structure according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a steel mesh skeleton PVFM composite tube structure according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, but not all, embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the application, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
It should be noted that, the negative pressure according to the embodiment of the present application is relative to the atmospheric pressure, that is, the relative value between the pressure in the system and the atmospheric pressure, and is also called negative pressure irrigation because the water supply head of the soil system is smaller than the atmospheric pressure.
In the embodiment of the application, the water potential of the soil is a natural attribute of the soil, namely, in most natural conditions, the movement of soil nutrients in the soil mainly depends on soil moisture as a medium, and the moisture always flows from a place with high potential energy to a place with low potential energy, and the soluble fertilizer is mainly distributed along with water. Thus, whether the water and the nutrients can flow to the root system of the crops can not be absorbed into the crops effectively, and the water and the nutrients are completely dependent on the water potential difference between the soil water potential and the water potential of the crops. Through the irrigation, can promote the soil water potential, if through providing the soil water potential that different soil moisture contents correspond to soil, can realize the accurate control to soil moisture content to can satisfy the different needs of growing period to soil moisture of crop, simultaneously, can guarantee that the crops of specific period grow always under stable soil moisture condition.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a top view structure of a negative pressure irrigation water supply system for greenhouse fields according to an embodiment of the present application. Referring to fig. 2, the negative pressure irrigation water supply system includes: a water source 21, a water delivery pipe 22 and a negative pressure double water delivery pipe 23, wherein,
the number of the water sources 21 is 2, and the water sources are positioned at two sides of the target irrigation area, namely, in the boundary of the greenhouse;
the number of the water pipes forming the main water pipe 22 is multiple, the water pipes 22 are sequentially connected through the three-way valve 24, the sequentially connected main water pipe 22 penetrates through the greenhouse ridge 25 and the ditch 26 in the irrigation area, wherein the first water pipe 22 is connected with the water source 21 on one side, and the last water pipe 22 is connected with the water source 21 on the other side;
the number of the negative pressure double water supply pipes is multiple, and the negative pressure double water supply pipes are positioned at two sides of the main water conveying pipeline 22 and buried in the greenhouse ridge 25 and are connected with the main water conveying pipeline through the three-way valve 24;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a water source according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 3, in an embodiment of the present application, as an alternative embodiment, the water source device includes: a water storage tank 31, an irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33, and an irrigation water guide pipe 35, wherein,
one end of the irrigation water air duct 35 is communicated with the bottom of the water storage barrel 31, and the other end is communicated with the top of the irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33;
the irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33 comprises a first sealed container 331 and a first air inlet pipe 332, wherein water is contained in the first sealed container 331, the first air inlet pipe 332 is a hollow through pipeline, the water is inserted into the water liquid level of the first sealed container 331 through the top of the first sealed container 331, and the water level difference between the bottom of the first air inlet pipe 332 and the water liquid level in the first sealed container 331 is a preset first negative pressure water level difference threshold;
a gas-liquid interface is formed in an irrigation water guide pipe 35 which is communicated with the bottom of the water storage barrel 31 and the top of the irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33;
the bottom of the water storage barrel 31 is also communicated with the water delivery pipeline 22 through a water outlet pipeline.
In the embodiment of the present application, the water storage tub 31 is airtight.
In the embodiment of the application, one end of a first water conveying pipeline 22 is connected into a water source 21, and the other end is connected with a double water supply pipe through a three-way valve;
in the embodiment of the application, for an agricultural irrigation area, a certain height difference exists due to the longer paving distance of the water conveying pipeline 22. Therefore, in order to reduce the inconsistent water supply heads of the system caused by the elevation difference, a water source device is respectively arranged at the head end and the tail end of the water conveying pipeline 22, so that the system can be ensured to supply water and fertilizer more uniformly, and under the condition that the elevation difference exists, the discharge of bubbles in the water conveying pipeline 22 is more facilitated by arranging double water source devices. Preferably, the embodiment of the application is applied to a greenhouse.
In this embodiment of the present application, as an optional embodiment, the top of the water storage barrel 31 is provided with a water inlet 310, so that when the water level in the water storage barrel 31 is lower than a preset water level threshold, water is added into the water storage barrel 31, and after the water is added, the water inlet 310 is closed.
In the embodiment of the present application, as an alternative embodiment, the center of the junction between the water outlet pipeline of the water storage barrel 31 and the first water delivery pipeline 22 is 3-5cm higher than the center point of the water delivery pipeline 22 to ensure a better irrigation effect, and the height measurement can be performed by using a laser level meter.
In the embodiment of the present application, as an alternative embodiment, the connection between the water pipe 22 and the negative pressure dual water supply pipe, the connection between the irrigation water air duct 35 and the water storage barrel 31, the connection between the irrigation water air duct 35 and the first sealing container 331, the water inlet of the water storage barrel 31, and the insertion of the first air inlet pipe 332 into the first sealing container 331 are all sealed by sealing rings 312.
In the embodiment of the present application, as an alternative embodiment, in order to prevent the water in the water storage tank 31 from entering the irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33 along the irrigation water air duct 35 when the irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33 starts to operate, in the embodiment of the present application, the position where the irrigation water air duct 35 communicates with the first sealed container 331 is set to be higher than the water level in the water storage tank 31. I.e. the position of the first gas regulating hole which is arranged on the first sealing container 331 and is communicated with the irrigation water gas guide pipe 35 is higher than the water level in the water storage barrel 31.
Preferably, the gas regulating hole is located higher than the water inlet of the water storage tub 31.
In the embodiment of the present application, as another alternative embodiment, under the condition that water is poured into the irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33 to ensure that the water level is lower than the first gas regulating hole on the side wall of the negative pressure regulator 33, in order to prevent the difference between day and night from affecting the pressure controlled by the negative pressure regulator 33, and improve the water control accuracy of the negative pressure irrigation system, the anhydrous space in the irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33 is set as small as possible, that is, the water level in the irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33 is set as close to the first gas regulating hole as possible.
In an embodiment of the present application, as an alternative embodiment, the pressure of the gas in the water head space in the first airtight container 331 is less than or equal to the atmospheric pressure. By changing the height (h 4) of the first air inlet pipe 332 inserted under the water level in the first sealed container 331, the water level difference between the air-liquid interface at the bottom of the first air inlet pipe 332 and the water level in the first sealed container 331 can be adjusted, so that the air pressure (air pressure) in the space above the water level in the first sealed container 331 can be controlled, and the control system can supply water to soil, so that the soil water potential in a certain soil range can be controlled, and the soil water potential is consistent with the water supply head (first negative pressure water level difference threshold) set by the first air inlet pipe 332. Because the soil water potential is related to the soil moisture content, the soil water potential is maintained at a certain value, namely, the height difference between the bottom of the first air inlet pipe 332 and the water level of the first sealed container 331 is adjusted, so that the accurate control of the soil moisture can be realized, and the optimal soil moisture content is further provided in different growth periods of crops.
In the embodiment of the application, the soil water potential is the negative water pressure of the water supply provided by the system, the water pressure in the water delivery pipeline 22 is equal to the water pressure in the water delivery pipeline 22, and the water pressure in the water delivery pipeline 22 is equal to the gas pressure in the irrigation water gas guide pipe 35. That is, in the sealed negative pressure regulating system, the inside of the irrigation water gas-guide tube 35 between the water storage tub 31 and the irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33 is filled with air, and thus, the pressure is equal at the position of the water pipe 22 of the negative pressure irrigation system, at the position where the water pipe 22 is communicated with the water storage tub 31, at the position where the irrigation water gas-guide tube 35 is communicated with the water storage tub 31, and at the position where the irrigation water gas-guide tube 35 is communicated with the irrigation water negative pressure regulator 33, and the pressure in the first gas-guide tube 35 is equal to the height (h 4) from the bottom of the first gas-guide tube 332 to the water level in the first sealed container 331. Thus, by controlling the height of the first air inlet pipe 332 inserted below the water level in the first sealed container 331, the negative water pressure of the supplied water (the pressure in the main water pipe 22) can be controlled, so that the water content of the soil can be kept at a proper level.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a water pipe according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 4, the water pipe includes: a first water pipe 41, a second supporting water pipe 42, a third water pipe 43, a water hose 44, and a steel mesh skeleton Polyvinyl formal (PVFM) composite pipe 45, wherein,
the first water pipe is obliquely arranged, the third water pipe is horizontally arranged, the second supporting water pipe is vertically arranged, the PVFM composite pipe with the steel wire mesh framework is buried in the soil, and water is supplied to the soil at a preset negative pressure;
the top of the first water delivery pipe is communicated with the main water delivery pipe 22, the first water delivery pipe is also communicated with the second supporting water pipe, the second supporting water pipe is communicated with the third water delivery pipe, the third water delivery pipe is communicated with the water delivery hose, and the water delivery hose is communicated with the PVFM composite pipe of the steel wire mesh framework.
In the embodiment of the present application, the first water pipe disposed obliquely can discharge the gas rising to the top of the first water pipe to the atmosphere through the first gas guide tube 332, and input irrigation water or fertilizer liquid from the water storage barrel 31 or the fertilizer liquid barrel 32. The first raceway is placed in an inclined mode, gas generated in each raceway is beneficial to rising to the top of the first raceway and is discharged through the first gas guide tube 332, and gas columns are not generated in the various levels of the raceway, so that the phenomenon that the gas columns block irrigation water and influence the set negative pressure is avoided, and negative pressure irrigation efficiency and negative pressure irrigation precision can be effectively improved. The third water pipe is parallel to the ground, so that the water potential of water supply to the PVFM composite pipe of the steel wire mesh framework is guaranteed to be the same in the water filling process, and the uniformity of water supply to soil by the PVFM composite pipe of the steel wire mesh framework is guaranteed.
In the embodiment of the application, as an optional embodiment, the first water pipe and the third water pipe form an included angle of 3-5 degrees, so that gas generated in each water pipe can rise to the top of the first water pipe and is discharged out of the water pipe, and no gas column is generated in the water pipe.
In the embodiment of the application, the polyvinyl formal is an organic polymer material and has a cell structure with small holes as main holes and large holes as auxiliary holes, so that the polyvinyl formal has very good hydrophilicity, strong water absorption capacity, good chemical stability and good wear resistance. Therefore, PVFM with strong water absorption capacity is used as a negative pressure irrigation water seepage device and is in contact with soil, so that the water seepage performance of the traditional water seepage device can be greatly improved, the blockage of soil particles to the negative pressure irrigation water seepage device is effectively prevented, the PVFM has good toughness, the breakage in the operation process can be avoided, the replacement times of the water seepage device are reduced, the cost of negative pressure irrigation is reduced, and the arrangement of field pipelines is facilitated.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a steel mesh skeleton PVFM composite tube structure according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in fig. 5, as an alternative embodiment, the wire mesh backbone PVFM composite tube comprises: an inner hard layer 51, a middle reinforcing layer 52, and an outer soft layer 53, wherein,
the inner hard layer is made of hard PVFM material to form a hollow pipeline, the middle reinforcing layer is a steel wire mesh layer 54 for enhancing the rigidity and strength of the composite pipe, the inner hard layer is covered, the outer soft layer is made of soft PVFM material, and the middle reinforcing layer is covered.
As an alternative embodiment, in order to ensure the characteristic that the composite pipe is water permeable and airtight in a water filled state, the foaming point value of the hard PVFM material for manufacturing the inner hard layer is not less than 20kPa, and the foaming point value of the soft PVFM material for manufacturing the outer soft layer is not less than 30kPa.
In order to increase the compressive resistance of the PVFM composite pipe with the steel wire mesh framework without affecting water supply, the mesh area of the steel wire mesh for manufacturing the middle reinforcing layer is set to be 4-50mm 2 The diameter of the steel wire for making the steel wire mesh was 2mm (number 18).
As another alternative embodiment, in order to ensure the proper contact area between the PVFM composite pipe of the steel wire framework and the soil and ensure the characteristic of no leakage of water and air of the composite pipe in the working state, the PVFM composite pipe of the steel wire framework has the inner diameter of 14mm, the outer diameter of 16mm and the negative pressure resistance of higher than 30kPa.
In the embodiment of the application, the double water pipes with the first water pipe and the third water pipe are adopted, wherein the first water pipe can be used for conveying water to the lower pipe (the third water pipe and the second supporting water pipe), and the air generated by each communicated water pipe can be smoothly discharged by obliquely arranging the first water pipe by utilizing the characteristic that air bubbles or air columns move upwards in irrigation water. The third water delivery pipe horizontally placed can ensure that the water delivery water potential of water supplied to the lower-level pipe (PE water delivery hose and the steel wire mesh framework PVFM composite pipe) is consistent, so that the water potential of water entering the steel wire mesh framework PVFM composite pipe is ensured to be consistent, and uniform water supply is facilitated.
In an embodiment of the present application, as an optional embodiment, the water storage tank further includes: the water level observation tube 313 for indicating water consumption, the water level observation tube 313 is externally connected to the water storage barrel 31, one end of the water level observation tube is connected into the water storage barrel 31 through a first water level hole formed in the upper portion of the side wall of the water storage barrel 31, and the other end of the water level observation tube is connected into the water storage barrel 31 through a second water level hole formed in the lower portion of the side wall of the water storage barrel 31, wherein the second water level hole is parallel to or higher than the liquid guide hole.
As an alternative embodiment, the water level observation tube is [ shaped ].
In an embodiment of the application, the main water conduit 22 traverses Wen Penglong and the trench.
The working process of the negative pressure irrigation water supply system for greenhouse fields according to the embodiment of the application is described below:
after the system of the embodiment of the application is installed, the water storage barrel 31 is filled with water through the water inlet, the water inlet is sealed, the first sealed container is filled with water close to the position of the first gas regulating hole, the first air inlet pipe is inserted into the first sealed container, the distance between the bottom end of the first air inlet pipe and the water level in the first sealed container is a first negative pressure water level difference threshold value (first height), at the moment, the water level in the first air inlet pipe is level with the water level in the first sealed container, the air pressure in the irrigation water air guide pipe is atmospheric pressure, and the air in the irrigation water air guide pipe is not filled at the position where the bottom of the side wall of the water storage barrel 31 is communicated with the irrigation water air guide pipe.
When the system is in initial operation, the air pressure in the irrigation water air duct is atmospheric pressure, the pressure of the water delivery pipe water outlet is also atmospheric pressure and is higher than the water potential of soil, so that water in the water storage barrel 31 is driven to permeate into the soil through the water delivery pipe and the PVFM composite pipe of the steel wire mesh framework, the water level in the water storage barrel 31 is reduced, a space (h 3) appears above the liquid level of the water storage barrel 31, the air pressure in the barrel is reduced, and thus the air in the space above the water level of the first sealed container is driven to enter the space above the water storage barrel 31 through the irrigation water air duct 35, and the water level in the irrigation water air duct approaches to the position communicated with the air guide hole formed at the bottom of the side wall of the water storage barrel 31;
after the air in the space above the liquid level of the first sealed container 331 enters the space above the water storage barrel 31 through the irrigation water air guide pipe, the air pressure in the first sealed container 331 is reduced, the air in the first air inlet pipe communicated with the air drives the water liquid level in the first air inlet pipe to be reduced, so that a water level difference is generated with the liquid level in the first sealed container, and the sum of the air pressure in the sealed container and the pressure generated by the water level difference is equal to the air pressure;
as water in the water storage barrel 31 enters the root system soil of crops through the irrigation water guide pipe and the PVFM composite pipe of the steel wire mesh framework, the water content of the soil gradually rises, the corresponding soil water potential gradually rises, and the air pressure in the irrigation water guide pipe gradually falls;
at this time, the air pressure in the irrigation water air duct is reduced but still higher than the water level of the soil, so that the water level in the water storage barrel 31 is continuously reduced, the air in the space above the water level of the first sealed container is continuously driven to enter the space above the water storage barrel 31 through the irrigation water air duct, the air in the irrigation water air duct is filled to the position communicated with the air guide hole formed in the lower part of the side wall of the water storage barrel 31, the air in the first air inlet pipe drives the water level in the first air inlet pipe to continuously reduce until the water level in the first air inlet pipe is reduced to the bottom end of the first air inlet pipe, the water level difference between the water level in the first air inlet pipe and the water level in the first sealed container reaches a first height (a first negative pressure water level difference threshold), the pressure in the space above the first sealed container becomes a constant value, namely the water supply head of the system is a constant value, the soil water content of the root system is increased, when the soil water content of the root system water supply system is increased, the soil potential corresponding to the soil water content of the soil is consistent with the water supply head of the system is dynamically balanced until the water level in the first air inlet pipe is reduced to the water level of the soil level is stopped to the soil, and the water supply system is stably enters a stable running state;
in the stable operation process of the system, the water content of soil around the root system can be reduced again due to evaporation or transpiration of crops, when the water content is lower than the system water supply negative pressure, namely the threshold pressure corresponding to the first negative pressure water level difference threshold value, a water level difference is generated, the steel wire net framework PVFM composite pipe 45 is driven to supply water to the soil, the water level in the water storage barrel 31 is reduced due to water supply, the system water supply negative pressure is reduced, the air pressure in the irrigation water air guide pipe is higher than the system water supply negative pressure, and therefore the air in the first sealing container 331 is driven to enter the space above the water storage barrel 31 along the irrigation water air guide pipe, so that the pressure balance between the water storage barrel 31 and the position where the water guide pipe is communicated is maintained, and at the position where the water storage barrel 31 is communicated with the irrigation water negative pressure generator is maintained. Thus, when the system water supply negative pressure changes at first, the first air inlet pipe 332 can be driven to suck air from the outside into the first sealed container, so that the system water supply negative pressure is maintained to be constant, crops can be ensured to always grow under the condition of stable soil moisture (constant soil moisture content), and continuous, automatic and stable control of the crops on water and nutrients is realized.
In the embodiment of the application, because the air pressure in the irrigation water air duct is always greater than or equal to the soil water potential corresponding to the water content of the soil, air can only enter the water storage barrel 31 from the irrigation water air duct, namely, the space above the water storage barrel 31 is always in a state of sucking air from the corresponding air duct.
In the embodiment of the application, the system can provide proper water supply and fertilizer supply for crops by adjusting the water level difference between the bottom end position of the first air inlet pipe in the irrigation water negative pressure regulator and the water level position in the first sealed container according to the water demand rules of different stages of crops.
In the embodiment of the application, if the system is not used for irrigation, the first air inlet pipe is provided with water with a certain water level, and the water level in the first air inlet pipe is equal to the water level in the first sealed container. When water is supplied, the air pressure in the irrigation water air guide pipe is reduced, so that the pressure generated by the air pressure and the height difference in the irrigation water air guide pipe is equal to the atmospheric pressure, the height difference is required to be increased, the sum of the air pressure in the irrigation water air guide pipe and the pressure of the water level difference is equal to the atmospheric pressure, the pipe diameter of the first air inlet pipe is smaller, the pipe diameter of the first sealed container is small, water with the water level in the first air inlet pipe is emptied very quickly, and the influence of the water discharged into the first sealed container on the water level in the first sealed container is negligible, so that the air pressure in the irrigation water air guide pipe is formed into a constant pressure.
In the embodiment of the application, if the water content of the soil for cultivating crops is lower, the time required for forming the constant pressure state is shorter, so that the air pressure in the irrigation water air duct can be adjusted in a self-adaptive manner in the irrigation process, and the air pressure in the irrigation water air duct does not need to be adjusted manually or mechanically.
The negative pressure irrigation water supply system for greenhouse fields has the following advantages:
firstly, energy is saved;
according to the embodiment of the application, an external pressurizing power device is not needed, continuous and automatic acquisition of moisture of crops is realized by utilizing the physiological characteristics of the moisture of the crops and the tension characteristics of soil, and the water pressure for supplying water to the crops is ensured to be kept constant, so that the crops grow under the condition of stable soil moisture.
(II) is suitable for irrigation of tomatoes in different growth periods;
according to the embodiment of the application, irrigation can be carried out according to the water demand of tomatoes in different periods, the water demand of tomatoes in different growth periods for soil is different, and the negative pressure of water supply of a system can be adjusted by changing the height difference between the air inlet pipe and the liquid level in the sealed container, so that crops can be timely and properly supplied in different growth periods.
Thirdly, avoiding blocking phenomenon during irrigation;
in the embodiment of the application, the negative pressure irrigation liquid seepage device adopts the PVFM composite pipe which is permeable and airtight, so that the problem of blockage of soil particles on the irrigation device can be greatly improved.
And fourthly, the water supply area is increased, and the popularization of the system is facilitated.
Compared with the traditional negative pressure water seepage device, the novel steel wire mesh skeleton PVFM composite pipe provided by the embodiment of the application avoids the defect that the traditional negative pressure water seepage device can only supply water for one plant or two plants, can supply water for a whole row of crops in a greenhouse, greatly improves the uniform distribution of soil moisture, and is more beneficial to farmland management and popularization of the system.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the present application, and the present application is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions easily contemplated by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present application should be included in the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the application is subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (8)
1. A negative pressure irrigation water supply system for greenhouse fields, comprising: a water source, a water delivery pipeline and a negative pressure double water supply pipe, wherein,
the number of the water sources is 2, and the water sources are positioned at two sides of the target irrigation area;
the number of the water pipelines is multiple, the water pipelines are sequentially connected into a main water pipeline through a three-way valve, the water pipelines which are sequentially connected penetrate through ridges and furrows in a greenhouse irrigation area, wherein the first water pipeline is connected with a water source device on one side, and the last water pipeline is connected with the water source device on the other side;
the negative pressure double water supply pipes are multiple in number, are positioned on two sides of the main water conveying pipeline and are buried in the greenhouse ridge, and are connected with the main water conveying pipeline through a three-way valve;
the water source device comprises: a water storage barrel, an irrigation water negative pressure regulator and an irrigation water air duct, wherein,
one end of the irrigation water air duct is communicated with the bottom of the water storage barrel, and the other end is communicated with the top of the irrigation water negative pressure regulator;
the irrigation water negative pressure regulator comprises a first sealed container and a first air inlet pipe, wherein water is contained in the first sealed container, the first air inlet pipe is a hollow straight-through pipeline, the first air inlet pipe is inserted into the water liquid level of the first sealed container through the top of the first sealed container, and the water level difference between the bottom of the first air inlet pipe and the water liquid level in the first sealed container is a preset first negative pressure water level difference threshold value;
a gas-liquid interface is formed in an irrigation water gas guide pipe which is communicated with the bottom of the water storage barrel and the top of the irrigation water negative pressure regulator;
the bottom of the water storage bucket is also communicated with a water delivery pipeline through a water outlet pipeline;
one end of a first water pipeline forming the main water pipeline is connected with a water source device, the other end of the first water pipeline is connected with a three-way valve, the other two interfaces of the three-way valve are connected with a second water pipeline and a negative pressure double water supply pipe, and the rest negative pressure double water supply pipes are sequentially connected with the water pipeline through the three-way valve;
the negative pressure double water supply pipe includes: the PVC water delivery pipe is connected with the three-way valve and the four-way valve;
one end of the PE water delivery hose is connected with the PVC water delivery pipe through a four-way valve, and the other end of the PE water delivery hose is connected with the steel wire mesh skeleton polyvinyl formal composite pipe through a three-way valve;
the steel wire mesh skeleton polyvinyl formal composite pipe is divided into three layers, wherein the inner layer is made of hard PVFM material, the middle layer is made of steel wire mesh reinforcing layer, the outer layer is made of soft PVFM material, and the composite pipes are connected by a three-way valve;
the center of the joint of the water storage barrel and the first water conveying pipeline is higher than the center point of the water conveying pipeline by 3-5cm.
2. The negative pressure irrigation water supply system for a greenhouse field according to claim 1, wherein the first gas regulating hole formed in the first sealed container and used for communicating with the irrigation water guide pipe is higher than the water level in the water storage barrel.
3. The negative pressure irrigation water supply system for a greenhouse field of claim 2, wherein the first gas regulating orifice is positioned higher than the water inlet of the water storage tub.
4. The negative pressure irrigation water supply system for a greenhouse field of claim 2, wherein the water level in the first sealed container is below the first gas regulating orifice.
5. The negative pressure irrigation water supply system for greenhouse fields according to claim 1, wherein the water supply pipeline is respectively sealed by a sealing ring at a communication position with a negative pressure double water supply pipe, a connection position of an irrigation water air guide pipe and a water storage barrel, a communication position of the irrigation water air guide pipe and a first sealing container, a water inlet position of the water storage barrel and a position where the first air inlet pipe is inserted into the first sealing container.
6. The negative pressure irrigation water supply system for a greenhouse field of claim 1, wherein the water conduit comprises: a first water pipe, a second supporting water pipe, a third water pipe, a water hose and a steel wire mesh skeleton polyvinyl formal composite pipe, wherein,
the first water conveying pipe is obliquely arranged, the third water conveying pipe is horizontally arranged, the second supporting water pipe is vertically arranged, the steel wire mesh skeleton polyvinyl formal composite pipe is buried in soil, and water is supplied to the soil at a preset negative pressure;
the upper end of the first water delivery pipe is communicated with the main water delivery pipe through a four-way valve, the first water delivery pipe is also communicated with the second supporting water pipe, the second supporting water pipe is communicated with the third water delivery pipe, the third water delivery pipe is communicated with a water delivery hose, and the water delivery hose is communicated with a steel wire mesh skeleton polyvinyl formal composite pipe.
7. The negative pressure irrigation water supply system for a greenhouse field of claim 6, wherein the first water conduit is at an angle of 3 ° -5 ° to the third water conduit.
8. The negative pressure irrigation water supply system for a greenhouse field of claim 7, wherein the steel wire mesh skeleton polyvinyl formal composite pipe comprises: an inner hard layer, a middle reinforcing layer, and an outer soft layer, wherein,
the inner hard layer is made of hard PVFM materials to form a hollow pipeline, the middle reinforcing layer is a steel wire mesh layer for enhancing the rigidity and strength of the composite pipe, the inner hard layer is covered, the outer soft layer is made of soft PVFM materials, and the middle reinforcing layer is covered.
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