CN201070611Y

CN201070611Y - Device for irrigation

Info

Publication number: CN201070611Y
Application number: CNU2007201696928U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 石青
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-07-12
Filing date: 2007-07-12
Publication date: 2008-06-11
Anticipated expiration: 2017-07-12

Abstract

The utility model discloses a device used for water saving irrigation. The device of the utility model comprises a water pipe, on the pipe wall of which a water outlet is arranged; the water pipe is arranged in a porous medium layer, the lower side and the two sides of which are provided with an imperious layer, and the upper side of the porous medium layer is a soil layer; the soil layer, the porous medium layer and the imperious layer are all positioned in a groove dug on the ground. The utility model conveys the water to the porous medium layer buried under the soil layer which is used for growing the plants through the water pipe; and then capillarity action is utilized to enable the water in the porous medium layer to permeate into the soil layer used for growing the plants. Compared with the prior art, hardly no evaporation and leakage happen during the irrigation, and the utility model has the advantages that the process is simple, the water is saved, the energy is saved, the running cost is low, and the fertilizing can be carried out during irrigating, thereby the usage ratio of the water can be greatly improved, being up to 0.8.

Description

A kind of device of irrigating usefulness

Technical field

The utility model relates to the technical field that the plant of planting in soil is irrigated, particularly a kind of device of the irrigation usefulness that can economize on water.

Background technology

Irrigation water to being absorbed by crop, forming output, mainly comprises water resource allotment, transmission ﹠ distribution water, pour water in the field and four processes such as crop absorption from the water source to the field.Take corresponding water saving measures in each link, form a complete water-saving irrigation technique system, comprise optimal allocation of water resources technology, water-saving irrigation project technology, agronomy and biological water-saving technology and water saving administrative skill.Wherein the water-saving irrigation project technology is the core of this technical system.

At present, the water-saving irrigation project technology mainly comprises channel seepage technique, pipeline water delivery technology, sprinkler irrigation technique, micro irrigation technology, improvement ground irrigation technique, rice water-saving irrigation technique and drought resisting hole irrigation technology.Directly purpose is the pour water deep percolation loss of process of field of becoming estranged of the race leakage loss that reduces transmission ﹠ distribution water process, increases irrigation efficiency.

Channel seepage technique: adopt several different methods such as concrete facing, stone masonry lining cutting, plastic sheeting to carry out antiseepage and handle, compare with Tu Qu, the anti-seepage of channels can reduce filter loss 60%-90%, and has accelerated water delivery speed.This mode can't prevent the evaporation loss in the course of conveying, and evaporation and seepage that water enters behind the soil can't be avoided.

The pipeline water delivery technology: replace native canal water delivery with pipeline water deliveries such as plastics or concrete, can significantly reduce seepage and evaporation loss in the water delivery process, the utilization rate of transmission ﹠ distribution water can reach 95%.Can also effectively improve water delivery speed in addition, reduce channel and take up an area of.The low pressure water conveyance pipeline technology is popularized in northern China well-irrigated area, but large-scale gravity flow irrigated area still is in pilot phase.This mode is that still can't avoid after water leaves pipeline to enter soil evaporated and filter loss.

Sprinkler irrigation technique: sprinkling irrigation is a kind of mechanization high-efficiency water-saving irrigation technique, and characteristics such as having water saving, economize labor, save land, volume increase, adaptability are strong are extensively adopted by countries in the world.Sprinkling irrigation almost is applicable to all field crops except that paddy rice, and vegetables, fruit tree etc., and is strong to condition adaptability such as landform, soil.Compare with surface irrigation, field crop sprinkling irrigation effect is bad.The 30%-50% that generally can economize on water, volume increase 10%-30%, but big energy-consuming, investment are big, are not suitable for using under windy condition.

Micro irrigation technology: comprising little spray and drip irrigation, is a kind of modernization, meticulous water-saving irrigation technique efficiently, has water-saving, energy-conservation, characteristics, the fertilising of can holding concurrently simultaneously of pouring water such as adaptability is strong.This mode can't be avoided evaporation and the filter loss after water enters soil equally.

At present, any one water-saving irrigation technique all has its natural conditions, economic condition that is suitable for.The wherein main shortcoming of above water-saving irrigation project technology is that the effective rate of utilization of irrigation water is low, generally about 0.4.

Summary of the invention

The technical problems to be solved in the utility model provides a kind of device of irrigating usefulness, can reduce seepage and evaporation loss after water enters soil, improves the utilization rate of water, thereby reaches the purpose of water saving.

The device of irrigation usefulness of the present utility model comprises water pipe, and described water pipe tube wall is provided with apopore, and described water pipe is arranged in the porous medium layer, and described porous medium layer below and both sides are provided with impervious barrier, and described porous medium layer top is a soil horizon; Described soil horizon, porous medium layer and impervious barrier all are arranged in the groove of excavation on the ground.

Both sides soil horizon and porous medium layer position contacting are provided with to lead and ooze the hole in the described groove, and the span setting is oozed in leading of every side.

The diameter of described water pipe is 20～100mm, and the apopore on the described water pipe is the circular hole of diameter 0.15～1.0mm or the slotted hole of 0.5 * 2.0mm.

The described water pipe outside is coated with filter course.

The effective aperture of described filter course is 0.01～0.05mm, and infiltration coefficient is 0.01～0.03cm/s.

The media particle that described porous medium layer is not absorbed water by itself is formed, and the particle diameter of described media particle is between 1～3mm, and porosity is between 0.25～0.35.

In technical scheme provided by the utility model, though the media particle of porous medium layer itself does not absorb water, formed hole has good suction and water storage function between the media particle, and its water resistance is little, but when supplying water, only need the just water outlet of less hydraulic pressure, saved energy; Water storage in the porous medium layer by capillarity slowly penetrate into soil horizon, evaporation capacity is very little, thereby is utilized to greatest extent by plant.In addition, because the media particle of porous medium layer is relatively large, and contains a large amount of water in the porous medium layer, when water supply stops, can not reducing making periaqueductal material stop up apopore suddenly because of the pressure in the feed pipe.The seepage that the impervious barrier of described porous medium layer below and both sides can be prevented sealing.Therefore, the utility model compared with prior art, almost not evaporation and seepage in the irrigation process have that technology is simple, a water saving, energy-conservation, advantage such as operating cost is low, can apply fertilizer simultaneously, have improved the utilization rate of water greatly, can reach more than 0.8.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of embodiment of the device of irrigation usefulness of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is the longitudinal section of a kind of embodiment of water pipe of the present utility model;

Fig. 3 is the A-A cutaway view among Fig. 2.

Among the figure: 1. ground, 2. soil horizon, 3. water pipe, 4. porous medium layer, 5. impervious barrier, 6. filter course, 7. water pipe tube wall, 8. apopore, 9. groove is 10. led and is oozed groove.

The specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the utility model is further specified.

The utility model is that water is sent in the porous medium layer 4 that is embedded under the soil horizon 2, makes the water in the porous medium layer 4 be penetrated into soil horizon 2 gradually by capillarity then, thereby utilizes irrigation water to greatest extent.

As shown in Figure 1, lay impervious barrier 5 in the bottom of groove 9, impervious barrier 5 can adopt multiple material and form, as weak infiltration water-based clay, Polypropylence Sheet, cement etc.; Landfill porous medium layer 4 above impervious barrier 5, all there is impervious barrier 5 below of porous medium layer 4 and both sides.Selectable material of the employed filler of porous medium layer and form are also a lot, its media particle should not absorb water or be difficult for suction, as seepy material of chad (particle diameter 1-3mm), porous (voidage 0.25-0.35) etc., a kind of material that is easy to get and cost is low is a sand.The thickness of porous medium layer 4 should determine according to the water requirement of plantation plant, can be a little bit smaller to the thickness of the little plant porous medium layer 4 of water requirement, can be more greatly to the thickness of the big plant porous medium layer 4 of water requirement, and generally between 10～15cm.Be equipped with water pipe 3 in porous medium layer 4, the process of laying water pipe 3 can be: lay half that porous medium layer arrives its gross thickness earlier, then water pipe 3 is laid on the porous media laminar surface, re-lay porous medium layer to its gross thickness.

As shown in Figures 2 and 3, water pipe 3 is the microporous pipe that apopore 8 is arranged on the tube wall 7, and the outside of water pipe 3 is coated with filter course 6.The diameter of water pipe 3 is generally 20～100mm, and the apopore 8 on the tube wall 7 can be the circular hole of diameter about 0.15～1.0mm, also can be the slotted hole about 0.5 * 2.0mm, and the quantity of apopore 8 and density are calculated according to potamometer and decided; The tubing of water pipe 3 can adopt pvc pipe, PE pipe, metal tube etc., certainly, uses the pvc pipe cost low, not perishable, is preferable selection.The general effective apertures that adopt of the filter course 6 in water pipe 3 outsides are at 0.01～0.05mm, and infiltration coefficient is the material of 0.01～0.03cm/s, effective aperture 0.03mm preferably, and infiltration coefficient is the material of 0.02cm/s, a kind of preferable selection is a nonwoven.

Be the soil horizon 2 of backfill above porous medium layer 4, this soil horizon 2 combines together with groove 9 soil on every side, is used to plant plant, i.e. the root system of accommodating plant.The thickness of this soil horizon 2 is unusual between 0.3～0.65 meter according to the plant of being planted.

The utility model utilizes a regulator to supply water, and the pressure of supply water of regulator is generally 0.01-0.05Mpa.This device can adopt various ways: as concrete basin, pressurized tank, water pump etc.; The water pipe of sustained height is generally only established a regulator and is got final product.The big I of regulator is according to calculating such as irrigated areas, and the resource of water supply of regulator is surface water or underground water.Regulator can be designed as various ways such as automatic control, semiautomatic control.Regulator is connected with water pipe 3, and water flows out from the apopore 8 of water pipe 3, sees through filter course 6 again and enters into porous medium layer 4, makes water level in the porous medium layer 4 reach the top of porous medium layer 4.The discharge pressure of apopore 8 should not be too high, should bigger piping not take place for well with porous media, and this can be by calculating or test is determined.Hole in the porous medium layer 4 can hold a large amount of irrigation waters, and the water in the porous medium layer 4 rises by capillarity and is penetrated into soil horizon 2, supplies with the plant growth that is planted in the soil and uses.In the irrigation water of supply, add fertilizer, fertilising when just can realize supplying water, fertilising is even, effective like this.

When stopping to supply water, owing to store large quantity of moisture in the porous medium layer 4, and the media particle of porous medium layer 4 is relatively large, adds the protection of filter course 6, and the apopore 8 on the water pipe 3 can be not blocked.

As shown in Figure 1, also can obtain enough moisture in order to make in groove 9 soil on every side, can be in groove 9 soil horizon 2 be provided with to lead to both sides with porous medium layer 4 position contacting and ooze hole 10, be used in moisture penetration that porous medium layer 4 the is stored soil around the groove 9.Lead and ooze hole 10 along 0.2～1 meter setting at interval of groove 9 directions, its density determines that according to the infiltration coefficient of soil the soil that infiltration coefficient is big is relatively also big at interval, also can not establish to lead and ooze the hole.

Claims

1. a device of irrigating usefulness comprises water pipe, it is characterized in that, described water pipe tube wall is provided with apopore, and described water pipe is arranged in the porous medium layer, and described porous medium layer below and both sides are provided with impervious barrier, and described porous medium layer top is a soil horizon; Described soil horizon, porous medium layer and impervious barrier all are arranged in the groove of excavation on the ground.

2. the device of irrigation usefulness according to claim 1 is characterized in that, both sides soil horizon and porous medium layer position contacting are provided with to lead and ooze the hole in the described groove, and the span setting is oozed in leading of every side.

3. the device of irrigation usefulness according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the diameter of described water pipe is 20～100mm, and the apopore on the described water pipe is the circular hole of diameter 0.15～1.0mm or the slotted hole of 0.5 * 2.0mm.

4. the device of irrigation usefulness according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described water pipe outside is coated with filter course.

5. the device of irrigation usefulness according to claim 4 is characterized in that, the effective aperture of described filter course is 0.01～0.05mm, and infiltration coefficient is 0.01～0.03cm/s.

6. the device of irrigation usefulness according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the media particle that described porous medium layer is not absorbed water by itself is formed, and the particle diameter of described media particle is between 1～3mm, and porosity is between 0.25～0.35.