CN109371070B - 一种高产α-酮异戊酸的方法 - Google Patents
一种高产α-酮异戊酸的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109371070B CN109371070B CN201811350903.7A CN201811350903A CN109371070B CN 109371070 B CN109371070 B CN 109371070B CN 201811350903 A CN201811350903 A CN 201811350903A CN 109371070 B CN109371070 B CN 109371070B
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- alpha
- amino acid
- acid oxidase
- leu
- ketoisovalerate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
- C12N9/0012—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on nitrogen containing compounds as donors (1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高产α‑酮异戊酸的方法,属于生物工程技术领域。本发明通过分子生物学手段将来源于谷氨酸棒杆菌编码L‑氨基酸氧化酶的基因与表达载体相连。将构建好的表达质粒导入E.coli BL21(DE3),通过卡那霉素抗性平板筛选获得重组的含L‑氨基酸氧化酶工程菌。用于转化L缬氨酸生产α‑酮异戊酸。通过控制温度和pH,金属离子、实现α‑酮异戊酸的高效生产。在25℃、pH=8.0、菌体量30g/L,底物浓度65g/L的条件下。α‑酮异戊酸的产量最高可达51g/L,转化率为79.1%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高产α-酮异戊酸的方法,属于生物工程技术领域。
背景技术
α-酮异戊酸(α-KIV)又名酮缬氨酸,是支链酮酸的一种,分子式为C5H8O3,相对分子质量为116.12。α-酮异戊酸是重要的中间体,它主要应用于食品、医药、化妆品等领域。在饲料内加入酮缬氨酸可以促进家畜的肌肉生长。α-酮酸具有降低肾过滤压力的效果,可用于治疗慢性尿毒症和氮代谢的相关疾病,同时它也是维生素B5的重要原料。
α-酮异戊酸(α-KIV)的生产方法包括化学合成法和微生物法,化学合成法涉及一系列的化学反应过程,步骤多且复杂,容易引起环境污染,中间产物残留,后期分离纯化复杂。与化学合成法相比,酶催化法显示出了更多的优越性,这体现在它更加方便快捷且易操作,其反应条件温和,副产物少,具有高选择性和高效性,绿色生产不污染环境,更加有利于工业的大规模生产。
L-氨基酸氧化酶(L-AAO),多为黄素蛋白酶,它催化的氧化脱氨反应包括两个步骤:首先将氨基酸Cα上的氢转移给FAD,氨基酸变成亚氨基酸,亚氨基酸不稳定分解成α-酮酸和水。然后FADH2被氧分子氧化后变成还原型FAD。L-氨基酸氧化酶底物谱广泛,催化效率高。但目前还没有出现过L-氨基酸氧化酶在底物中含有L-缬氨酸的催化反应中的应用报道。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种生产α-酮异戊酸的方法,所述方法是以L-缬氨酸或含L-缬氨酸的物质为底物,以表达谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corgnebacterium glutamicum)来源的L-氨基酸氧化酶的基因工程菌为生物催化剂,全细胞转化生产α-酮异戊酸。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述产L-氨基酸氧化酶的基因工程菌是以大肠杆菌为宿主,以pET系列载体为表达载体,表达氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示的L-氨基酸氧化酶。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,编码L-氨基酸氧化酶的基因的核苷酸序列如SEQ IDNO.2所示。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述宿主包括E.coli BL21。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述表达载体包括pET-28a。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,转化体系中湿细胞的添加量为25-35g/L、底物浓度为65g/L;所述湿细胞的获得方式包括将重组菌培养至OD600为0.6-0.8,加入终浓度为0.4mM的IPTG进行诱导,25℃条件下诱导12h,8000rpm离心10min收集菌体。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,转化条件为:pH为8-9.5,转化温度为20-37℃,转化时间20-24h。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种产L-氨基酸氧化酶的基因工程菌,所述产L-氨基酸氧化酶的基因工程菌是以E.coli BL21为宿主,以pET系列载体为表达载体,表达氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示的来源于谷氨酸棒杆菌的L-氨基酸氧化酶。
本发明的第三个目的是提供上述的产L-氨基酸氧化酶的基因工程菌在催化底物中含有L-缬氨酸的反应中的应用。
本发明通过异源表达谷氨酸棒杆菌的L-氨基酸氧化酶后,将其用于全细胞转化生产α-酮异戊酸,这种转化生产过程条件温和,简便快捷,效率高。转化的过程中不用额外添加生物辅因子,降低生产成本。反应具有高选择性,产品纯度高,方便后期的分离与纯化,有利于大规模的工业化生产。该酶在大肠杆菌内表达后,可以更好地满足工业化规模生产的需求。在25℃、pH=8.0的条件下α-酮异戊酸的产量最高可达51g/L,转化周期需24h,大幅度提高了生产效率。
附图说明
图1:转化产物的HPLC分析图谱。
图2:不同转化温度条件下对α-酮异戊酸产量的影响。
图3:不同pH条件下转化对α-酮异戊酸产量的影响。
图4:不同金属离子对重组菌催化缬氨酸生产α-酮异戊酸的影响。
具体实施方式
种子培养基:蛋白胨10g,酵母粉3g,NaCl 10g,蒸馏水定容至1L。
发酵培养基:胰蛋白胨12g,酵母膏24g,甘油4g,磷酸二氢钾2.31g,磷酸氢二钾16.42g,蒸馏水定容至1L。
补料培养基:400g/L甘油,100g/L安琪酵母粉FM802,25g/L胰蛋白胨,配制200mL/罐,121℃灭菌20min;
待测样品预处理:取转化液500μL,12000rpm离心10min,收集上清液,将上清液稀释200倍。并以α-酮异戊酸钠盐作为标准品,配制标准溶液。标准品溶液梯度为0.2g/L、0.3g/L、0.4g/L、0.6g/L、0.7g/L。并以此为横坐标,对应的峰面积为纵坐标绘制标准曲线。将稀释后的上清液和标准溶液分别经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤后,用高效液相色谱法测定α-酮异戊酸和剩余L-缬氨酸的含量。
α-酮异戊酸含量测定:waters高效液相色谱仪(配紫外可见检测器),采用伯乐AminexHPX-87H(300×7.8mm,9μm)色谱柱,流动相为浓度2.5mmol/L的稀硫酸,流动相经0.22μm滤膜过滤,超声脱气,流速为0.6mL/min,柱温为35℃,在紫外检测波长210nm下检测。
转化率=[α-酮异戊酸的生成量×116.12÷缬氨酸的初始量×138.1]×100%
酶活的定义:1分钟内转化1微摩尔底物所需的酶量为一个活力单位(U)。温度规定为25度,其他条件取反应的最适条件
氨基酸氧化酶酶活检测:将15mL浓度约为30g/L的L-缬氨酸溶液25-30℃预热,分别称取0.5g左右的湿菌体于250mL锥形瓶中,加入14.5mL预热的缓冲液(所用缓冲液为用盐酸调节pH为8.0的Tris缓冲液),再加入预热的L-缬氨酸转化液中,保鲜膜封口后于200rpm的摇床中反应30min。反应完成后,取适量反应液快速离心稀释进行液相检测。
氨基酸氧化酶酶活计算公式:
U——酶活单位:μmol·min-1·g-1;
D——酶活检测液相时样品稀释倍数,一般情况下,D=10;
C——稀释后液相检测到的α-酮异戊酸浓度,g/L;
V——酶活检测反应的总体系,这里V=30mL;
T——酶活反应时间,这里T=30min;
M——酮亮氨酸相对分子质量,M=138.1;
m——反应体系中的菌体量,m=0.5g。
实施例1:重组基因工程菌的诱导表达
重组菌的构建过程:
(1)以谷氨酸棒杆菌的基因组为模板,设计引物进行PCR,克隆谷氨酸棒杆菌来源的L-氨基酸氧化酶编码基因,所用引物为:以5’ccgctcgagcggatgaaaattg cggtaatcgg 3’为正向引物,以5’caagcttggataatgcacgtggcggagaaactaaccaagtac 3’为反向引物扩增获得目的基因,其核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO.2所示。
(2)用限制性内切酶XhoI和hindⅢ将目的基因和表达载体pET-28a在37℃下酶切2h;
(3)用T4连接酶分别将酶切并胶回收后的目的基因和质粒pET-28a在16℃下连接10h;
(4)将构建好的表达质粒导入E.coli BL21(DE3),在含有卡纳霉素的LB平板中培养12h;
(5)将平板中长出的菌落进行PCR及酶切验证,将含有目的基因的质粒进行测序验证,选出目的基因完全正确的菌株,即为表达L-氨基酸氧化酶基因工程菌E.coli BL21-L-AAO。
将构建的基因工程菌E.coli BL21-L-AAO质粒导入E.coli BL21(DE3)中,在含有卡纳霉素的LB平板中培养12h,挑取平板上长出的单菌落接入LB培养基,培养10-12h;然后将E.coli BL21-L-AAO种子液以接入TB发酵培养基内,培养至OD600为0.6-0.8,加入终浓度为0.4mM的IPTG进行诱导,25℃条件下诱导12h,获得发酵液,测得发酵液的酶活为25.6U。8000rpm离心10min收集菌体,无菌生理盐水洗涤菌体。
实施例2:转化温度对生产α-酮异戊酸的影响
取用实施例1中获得的湿菌体作为催化剂进行全细胞转化。具体转化反应条件为:pH=8.0,转化温度为20℃、25℃、30℃、37℃,底物浓度为65g/L,菌体量为30g/L,转化体系为20mL,在不同温度转化24h后,利用HPLC对转化产物和购买得到的α-酮异戊酸钠标准品进行分析,如图1所示,证明转化产物是α-酮异戊酸钠。采用高效液相色谱法测定反应后上清液中α-酮异戊酸的浓度情况(如图2所示),结果显示:当温度为20℃时,酮缬氨酸浓度为46g/L。当温度为25℃时,酮缬氨酸浓度为51g/L。当温度为30℃时,酮缬氨酸浓度为48.4g/L。当温度为37℃时,酮缬氨酸浓度为40.3g/L。当温度在25℃下α-酮异戊酸的浓度达到最高51g/L,转化率为79.1%;当温度高于25℃时,随着温度的升高,α-酮异戊酸的产量在逐渐下降。
实施例3:转化pH对生产α-酮异戊酸的影响
取用实施例1中获得的湿菌体作为催化剂进行全细胞转化。具体转化反应条件为:pH=7-9.5,转化温度为25℃,底物浓度为65g/L,菌体量为30g/L,转化体系为20mL,转化24h后,采用高效液相色谱法测定反应后上清液中α-酮异戊酸的浓度情况(如图3所示),结果显示,当pH为7.0时,α-酮异戊酸的浓度为45.3g/L;当pH为7.5时,α-酮异戊酸的浓度为47.6g/L;当pH为8.0时,α-酮异戊酸的浓度为51g/L;当pH为8.5时,α-酮异戊酸的浓度为49.4g/L;当pH为9.0时,α-酮异戊酸的浓度为46.1g/L。当pH为9.5时,α-酮异戊酸的浓度为41.9g/L。当pH为8.0时,α-酮缬氨酸浓度最高为51g/L,转化率为79.1%,;当pH高于8.0时,随着pH的升高,α-酮异戊酸的产量在逐渐下降。
实施例4:不同金属离子对重组菌催化缬氨酸生产α-酮异戊酸的影响
取用实施例1中获得的湿菌体作为催化剂进行全细胞转化。具体转化反应条件为:pH=8.0,转化温度为25℃,底物浓度为65g/L,菌体量为30g/L,转化体系为20mL,在反应体系中分别加入5μmol钾、钡、镁、锰、钙、铜、钠离子转化24h后,采用高效液相色谱法测定反应后上清液中α-酮异戊酸的浓度情况(如图4所示),以没有加入金属离子的反应体系为对照,结果显示,加入金属离子以后对酶的活性无促进作用。
对比例:表达其他来源的L-氨基酸氧化酶的重组菌对L-缬氨酸的催化情况
分别克隆Rhodococcus opacus、Pseudomonas putida、Proteus vulgris、Bacillus cereus、Bacillus subtilis、Bacillus thuringiensis、Bacillus megatezium、Bacillus licheniformis、Bacillus badius、Pseudomonas sp、Cellulomonas cellulans来源的L-氨基酸氧化酶基因,将其按照实施例1相同策略分别与pET-28a连接,连接成功后分别转入E.coli BL21(DE3)。
以获得的重组菌为催化剂,以L-缬氨酸为底物,底物浓度为65g/L,菌体量为30g/L,转化体系为20mL,在25℃、pH=8.0的条件下转化24h后采用高效液相色谱法测定反应后上清液中α-酮异戊酸的浓度情况。结果发现,表达Rhodococcus opacus、Pseudomonasputida、Proteus vulgris、Bacillus cereus、Bacillus subtilis、Bacillusthuringiensis、Bacillus megatezium、Bacillus licheniformis、Bacillus badius、Pseudomonas sp、Cellulomonas cellulans来源的L-氨基酸氧化酶的重组菌催化L-缬氨酸生成α-酮异戊酸的产量极低。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例公开如上,但其并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉此技术的人,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,都可做各种的改动与修饰,因此本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所界定的为准。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 江南大学
无锡宸明生物技术有限公司
<120> 一种高产α-酮异戊酸的方法
<160> 2
<170> PatentIn version 3.3
<210> 1
<211> 380
<212> PRT
<213> Corgnebacterium glutamicum
<400> 1
Met Lys Ile Ala Val Ile Gly Leu Gly Ser Thr Gly Ser Met Ala Leu
1 5 10 15
Trp His Leu Ser Asn Ile Pro Gly Val Glu Ala Ile Gly Phe Glu Gln
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Phe Gly Ile Ser His Gly Tyr Gly Ala Phe Thr Gly Glu Ser Arg Leu
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Phe Arg Met Ala Tyr His Glu Gly Ser Thr Tyr Val Pro Leu Leu Lys
50 55 60
Arg Ala Gln Ala Leu Trp Ser Ser Leu Ser Glu Ile Ser Gly Arg Glu
65 70 75 80
Leu Phe His Asn Phe Gly Val Leu Ser Thr Gly Lys Glu Asp Glu Ala
85 90 95
Pro Phe Gln Arg Leu Val Glu Ser Val Glu Arg Tyr Glu Leu Pro His
100 105 110
Glu Arg Leu Thr Ala Ala Gln Met Arg Lys Arg Tyr Pro Gly Leu Asp
115 120 125
Phe Arg Asp Asp Glu Ala Gly Ile Val Asp Leu Gln Gly Gly Ala Leu
130 135 140
Arg Pro Glu Leu Ala Val Phe Ser Ala Ile Glu Thr Ala Lys Ala Asn
145 150 155 160
Gly Ala Gln Val Arg Asp His Gln Lys Ile Thr Ser Ile Glu Asp Asn
165 170 175
Gly Asp His Val Val Ile Gln Ala Gly Glu Glu Thr Thr Ile Val Asp
180 185 190
Arg Val Ile Val Thr Thr Gly Ser Trp Thr Ser Glu Leu Val Pro Ser
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Ile Ala Pro Leu Leu Glu Val Arg Arg Leu Val Leu Thr Trp Phe Leu
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Pro Asn Asn Pro Val Asp Phe Gln Pro Glu Asn Leu Pro Cys Phe Ile
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Arg Asp Arg Asp Gly Phe His Val Phe Gly Ala Pro Cys Val Asp Gly
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Tyr Ser Ile Lys Ile Ala Gly Leu Asp Glu Trp Gly Val Pro Leu Ser
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Ala His Val Glu Asp Glu Asp Leu Arg Leu Asp Arg Asp Ala Val Ser
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Glu Phe Gly Arg Lys Thr His Lys Leu Phe Pro Gly Val Asn Pro Glu
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Pro Asn Arg Phe Ser Val His Tyr Asp Thr Tyr Thr Ala Asp Lys Ser
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Pro Ile Ile Asp Ala Val Asp Asn Val Ile Val Leu Thr Gly Gly Ser
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Gly His Ala Phe Lys Leu Ser Pro Ala Tyr Gly Glu Leu Ala Ala Gln
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Leu Ala Val Gly Asn Thr Ser Pro Leu Tyr Ser Glu Asp Phe Arg Ile
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Ala Ser His Glu Pro Ile Lys Glu Ala Val His Val
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<210> 2
<211> 1143
<212> DNA
<213> Corgnebacterium glutamicum
<400> 2
atgaaaattg cggtaatcgg ccttggatca accggctcca tggcactgtg gcacttaagt 60
aacatcccag gtgtagaggc catcggcttt gaacaattcg gcatctccca tggctacggc 120
gcattcacag gggagtcccg actgtttcgc atggcctacc acgaaggcag cacctacgtt 180
ccgttgctca aacgcgcacg agcactatgg tcatcactga gcgagatttc cggacgcgaa 240
ctcttccaca acttcggtgt cttaagcacc ggcaaggaag acgaagcacc cttccaacgc 300
ctggtggaat cagtggaacg ttatgagctg ccacatgaac gacttaccgc cgcgcagatg 360
cgcaagcgtt acccaggtct agacttccgc gatgatgaag ctggaattgt tgatcttcaa 420
ggtggagccc tgcgccccga actagcagtg ttcagtgcaa tcgaaacagc caaggcaaat 480
ggtgcccaag tacgcgatca ccaaaaaatc accagcatcg aagacaacgg cgatcacgta 540
gtcatccaag caggcgaaga aaccacaatc gtggaccgcg ttatcgtcac caccggcagt 600
tggacaagcg agctcgtgcc ctccatcgcg ccactgcttg aagtgcgacg cctagtgctc 660
acctggttcc tgcccaacaa cccagtggac ttccagccgg aaaacctgcc atgcttcatc 720
cgtgaccgtg atggcttcca cgtatttgga gcaccatgcg tcgatgggta cagcatcaaa 780
attgccggat tggatgagtg gggcgttcca ttaagcgctc atgtagaaga tgaagatctc 840
cgcctcgacc gggacgcagt ctctgaattt ggtcggaaaa cccacgaact cttcccaggg 900
gtcaacccag agcccaaccg tttcagcgtc cactatgaca cctacactgc agacaaatct 960
ccaattatcg acgcggttga caatgtcatt gtgctcaccg gaggatccgg acacgccttc 1020
aagctctctc cagcttatgg cgaactcgca gcacaactag cggtcggaaa cacctcgccg 1080
ctgtacagcg aagactttcg gatcgcctcg catgaaccaa tcaaagaggc ggtgcacgta 1140
tag 1143
Claims (3)
1.一种生产α-酮异戊酸的方法,其特征在于,所述方法是以L-缬氨酸或含L-缬氨酸的物质为底物,以表达谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corgnebacteriumglutamicum)来源的L-氨基酸氧化酶的基因工程菌为生物催化剂,全细胞转化生产α-酮异戊酸;全细胞转化条件为:pH为8.0,转化温度为25℃,转化时间24h;全细胞转化体系中包括湿菌体添加量30g/L、底物浓度65g/L;所述L-氨基酸氧化酶的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO.1所示;所述基因工程菌以E.coli BL21为出发菌株。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述表达载体包括pET-28a。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述湿菌体的获得方式包括培养产L-氨基酸氧化酶的基因工程菌,收集培养液,离心,获得菌体。
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