CN109369192A - 一种立方氮化硼的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种立方氮化硼的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN109369192A
CN109369192A CN201811539003.7A CN201811539003A CN109369192A CN 109369192 A CN109369192 A CN 109369192A CN 201811539003 A CN201811539003 A CN 201811539003A CN 109369192 A CN109369192 A CN 109369192A
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boron nitride
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苗中正
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Yancheng Teachers University
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Abstract

本发明提供一种立方氮化硼的制备方法。以氨基钠和氟硼酸铵作为反应前驱体，海绵状的镍做催化剂，加热反应得到三方氮化硼；将三方氮化硼和触媒材料进行充分混合，压制成圆柱状，放入顶压机高温高压处理，采用酸碱提纯即可得到立方氮化硼。本发明所公开的方法以ABC方式排列的三方氮化硼为原料制备立方氮化硼，可提升转化率、降低原料浪费，具备制备简单、成本低、易于工业化批量生产的特点。

Description

一种立方氮化硼的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及立方氮化硼制备领域，尤其涉及一种三方氮化硼作为原料制备立方氮化硼的方法。
背景技术
立方氮化硼是硬度仅次于金刚石的超硬材料。它不但具有金刚石的许多优良特性，而且有更高的热稳定性和对铁族金属及其合金的化学惰性。立方氮化硼的使用是对金属加工的一大贡献，导致磨削发生革命性变化，是磨削技术的第二次飞跃。同时，它又以其优异的热学、电学、光学和声学等性能，在一系列高科技领域得到应用，成为一种具有发展前景的功能材料。
1957年首次人工合成立方氮化硼，在温度接近或高于1700℃，最低压强为11～12GPa时，由纯六方氮化硼直接转变成立方氮化硼。随后人们发现使用催化剂可大幅度降低转变温度和压力，常用的催化剂为：碱和碱土金属、碱和碱土氮化物、碱土氟代氮化物、硼酸铵盐和无机氟化物等，其中以硼酸铵盐作催化剂所需的温度和压力最低，在1500℃时所需压力为5GPa，而在压力为6GPa时其温度区间为600～700℃。目前，现有的高温高压法合成立方氮化硼是将六方氮化硼直接转化为立方氮化硼，需要采用较高的压力和温度来实现，立方氮化硼的转化率通常在30％至55％，合成率较低，造成原料利用率不高。为了解决以上存在的问题，人们一直在寻求提升转化率、降低原料浪费的技术解决方案。
六方氮化硼，每一层都是由B原子和N原子按照sp2杂化方式交替排列组成的无限延伸的六边形，这些原子层再沿C轴方向按照ABAB……方式排列，晶格常数a＝b＝0.25nm，c＝0.66nm，在同一层内，B和N原子之间靠共价键结合起来，层与层之间则以范德华力相结合。三方氮化硼属于三方晶系，它的结构和六方氮化硼非常相似，每一层同样是由B原子和N原子按照sp2杂化方式交替排列组成的无限延伸的六边形网格，区别是这些原子层在C轴方向上按照ABCABC……方式排列，晶格常数a＝b＝0.25nm，c＝1.00nm，在每一层内，B和N原子之间靠很强的共价键结合起来，层与层之间则以弱的范德华力相结合。自从立方氮化硼首次合成以来，各国研究者在立方氮化硼形成机理方面做了大量的研究，发现三方氮化硼会在六方氮化硼转化为立方氮化硼的过程中产生，即六方氮化硼转化为立方氮化硼的过程中，六方氮化硼的层间多处区域需要先形成错位，生成三方氮化硼，然后以此为形核点再生成立方氮化硼。因此，以三方氮化硼为原料制备立方氮化硼，可提升转化率、降低原料浪费。
发明内容
提出了一种立方氮化硼的制备方法，尤其涉及一种三方氮化硼作为原料制备立方氮化硼的方法。
本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种立方氮化硼的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)以氨基钠和氟硼酸铵作为反应前驱体，海绵状的镍做催化剂，放入高压釜，氮气为保护气，加热进行反应，产物用浓盐酸和去离子水清洗后，在真空烘箱里烘干备用；
(2)将三方氮化硼和触媒材料进行充分混合，压制成圆柱状，放入顶压机高温高压处理，采用酸碱提纯即可得到立方氮化硼。
步骤(1)中的氨基钠、氟硼酸铵和镍的摩尔数比为0.225∶0.0283∶0.0139。
步骤(1)中的加热以10℃/min的速率从室温升至600℃，在600℃维持14-18h。
步骤(2)中的三方氮化硼和触媒材料的质量比为100∶7-100∶50。
步骤(2)中的触媒材料包括碱和碱土金属、碱和碱土氮化物、碱土氟代氮化物、硼酸铵盐和无机氟化物。
步骤(2)中的高温为1000℃-1800℃，高压为4.0-5.1GPa，时间为5-30min。
本发明具有如下优势：
(1)以ABC方式排列的三方氮化硼为原料制备立方氮化硼，可提升转化率、降低原料浪费。
(2)具备制备简单、成本低、易于工业化批量生产的特点。
附图说明
图1为六方氮化硼晶体结构示意图。
图2为三方氮化硼晶体结构示意图。
图3为立方氮化硼晶体结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为便于理解本发明，本发明列举实施例如下。本领域技术人员应该明了，所述实施例仅仅用于帮助理解本发明，不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
实施例1
(1)将摩尔数比为0.225∶0.0283∶0.0139的氨基钠、氟硼酸铵和镍放入高压釜，冲入氮气为保护气，以10℃/min的速率从室温升至600℃，在600℃维持16h。
(2)将产物用浓盐酸和去离子水清洗后，在真空烘箱里烘干备用。
(3)将质量比为100∶5∶5∶7的三方氮化硼粉末和氮化锂、氮化钛、氮化铝粉末充分混合，压制成圆柱状。
(4)放入顶压机中，高温高压处理，温度为1400℃，压力为4.0GPa，时间为5min。
(5)将产物取出，采用酸碱提纯即可得到立方氮化硼。
实施例2
(1)将摩尔数比为0.225∶0.0283∶0.0139的氨基钠、氟硼酸铵和镍放入高压釜，冲入氮气为保护气，以10℃/min的速率从室温升至600℃，在600℃维持18h。
(2)将产物用浓盐酸和去离子水清洗后，在真空烘箱里烘干备用。
(3)将质量比为100∶5∶5∶7的三方氮化硼粉末和氮化锂、氮化钛、氮化铝粉末充分混合，压制成圆柱状。
(4)放入顶压机中，高温高压处理，温度为1400℃，压力为4.0GPa，时间为5min。
(5)将产物取出，采用酸碱提纯即可得到立方氮化硼。
实施例3
(1)将摩尔数比为0.225∶0.0283∶0.0139的氨基钠、氟硼酸铵和镍放入高压釜，冲入氮气为保护气，以10℃/min的速率从室温升至600℃，在600℃维持16h。
(2)将产物用浓盐酸和去离子水清洗后，在真空烘箱里烘干备用。
(3)将质量比为100∶10∶10∶14的三方氮化硼粉末和氮化锂、氮化钛、氮化铝粉末充分混合，压制成圆柱状。
(4)放入顶压机中，高温高压处理，温度为1400℃，压力为4.0GPa，时间为5min。
(5)将产物取出，采用酸碱提纯即可得到立方氮化硼。
实施例4
(1)将摩尔数比为0.225∶0.0283∶0.0139的氨基钠、氟硼酸铵和镍放入高压釜，冲入氮气为保护气，以10℃/min的速率从室温升至600℃，在600℃维持16h。
(2)将产物用浓盐酸和去离子水清洗后，在真空烘箱里烘干备用。
(3)将质量比为100∶5∶5∶7的三方氮化硼粉末和氮化锂、氮化钛、氮化铝粉末充分混合，压制成圆柱状。
(4)放入顶压机中，高温高压处理，温度为1600℃，压力为4.0GPa，时间为5min。
(5)将产物取出，采用酸碱提纯即可得到立方氮化硼。
申请人声明，本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的详细工艺设备和工艺流程，但本发明并不局限于上述详细工艺设备和工艺流程，即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述详细工艺设备和工艺流程才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了，对本发明的任何改进，对本发明产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等，均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种立方氮化硼的制备方法，包括如下步骤：
(1)以氨基钠和氟硼酸铵作为反应前驱体，海绵状的镍做催化剂，放入高压釜，氮气为保护气，加热进行反应，产物用浓盐酸和去离子水清洗后，在真空烘箱里烘干备用；
(2)将三方氮化硼和触媒材料进行充分混合，压制成圆柱状，放入顶压机高温高压处理，采用酸碱提纯即可得到立方氮化硼。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中的氨基钠、氟硼酸铵和镍的摩尔数比为0.225∶0.0283∶0.0139。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(1)中的加热以10℃/min的速率从室温升至600℃，在600℃维持14-18h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中的三方氮化硼和触媒材料的质量比为100∶7-100∶50。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中的触媒材料包括碱和碱土金属、碱和碱土氮化物、碱土氟代氮化物、硼酸铵盐和无机氟化物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(2)中的高温为1000℃-1800℃，高压为4.0-5.1GPa，时间为5-30min。
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