CN109336559A - 一种可耐高温的陶瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;lithium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052642 spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 claims description 19
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- 238000003701 mechanical milling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可耐高温的陶瓷及其制备方法,该可耐高温的陶瓷包括如下重量份的原料组分:高岭土40~60份、二硼化钛5~10份、无碳硅晶须8~16份、氧化锆3~10份、陶瓷纤维15~20份、锂辉石10~15份、矾土6~12份。通过以上方式,本发明陶瓷耐高温,热膨胀系数低,抗热冲击能力优异,热稳定性好。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及陶瓷技术领域,具体涉及一种可耐高温的陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
高耐热陶瓷的研究一直是日用陶瓷领域的一个难题,现有的耐热陶瓷制品具有如下缺点:一是耐热温度通常只能达到400~500℃,该耐高温性能无法达到消费者的要求,在更高温度下易裂,存在极大的安全隐患;二是现有耐热陶瓷制品的热膨胀系数较高,抗热冲击性能较差,热交换容易破裂,不能在较苛刻的环境下使用。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种可耐高温的陶瓷及其制备方法。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种可耐高温的陶瓷,包括如下重量份的原料组分:高岭土40~60份、二硼化钛5~10份、无碳硅晶须8~16份、氧化锆15~20份、陶瓷纤维15~20份、锂辉石10~15份、矾土6~12份。
优选地,所述可耐高温的陶瓷包括如下重量份的原料组分:高岭土45~55份、二硼化钛7~9份、无碳硅晶须10~14份、氧化锆17~19份、陶瓷纤维16~18份、锂辉石12~14份、矾土8~10份。
优选地,所述可耐高温的陶瓷包括如下重量份的原料组分:高岭土50份、二硼化钛8份、无碳硅晶须12份、氧化锆19份、陶瓷纤维17份、锂辉石12份、矾土9份。
本发明还提供了一种以上可耐高温的陶瓷的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、按如上重量份取各原料组分,混合后经粉碎,过筛,除杂,制得粉料;
S2、向所述粉料中加入蒸馏水,常温下超声分散,而后倒入球磨机中进行球磨,再过筛,制得浆料;
S3、将所述浆料进行压滤,练泥,陈腐,挤压成型制成坯体;
S4、将所述坯体进行干燥处理,得到初成品;
S5、将所述初成品进行烧成处理。
优选地,步骤S1中,所述过筛为过200~300目筛。除杂包括选磁除杂,以去除。
优选地,步骤S2中,蒸馏水的加入量为所述粉料总重量3~5倍,球磨过程速度为150~200r/min,球磨时间为5~7h,再过400~500目筛。
优选地,步骤S3中,压滤至滤饼水分为18~22%;练泥次数为至少两次,练泥真空度为0.094~0.098MPa;陈腐7~14天。
优选地,步骤S4中,所述干燥处理为在100~120℃烘干3~5h。
优选地,步骤S5中,所述烧成处理的烧成温度为1050~1150℃。
优选地,步骤S5中,所述烧成处理具体包括:以15~20℃/min的速率升温至800~900℃,烧结2~4h,然后以10~15℃/min的速率升温至1050~1150℃,烧结5~7h。
本发明的有益技术效果是:本发明提供一种可耐高温的陶瓷及其制备方法,该可耐高温的陶瓷采用特定重量份配比的高岭土、二硼化钛、无碳硅晶须、氧化锆、陶瓷纤维、锂辉石、矾土为原料,其中,高岭土粘性大,可塑性强,性质稳定,其可使陶瓷胚体在烧成之前易于定型且致密度高;二硼化钛是硼和钛最稳定的化合物,具有优良的导热、导电、耐磨和抗高温氧化性能,其添加可增加陶瓷制品的强度、韧性和热稳定性;无碳硅晶须为六方晶型,化学稳定性高,膨胀系数低,导热系数高,具有优越的增强、耐热和增韧性能,无碳硅晶须与二硼化钛结合可大大提高陶瓷制品的热稳定性;陶瓷纤维具有重量轻,耐高温,热稳定性好,化学稳定性好,导热率低、比热小及耐机械振动等优点,有助于降低烧成陶瓷的烧成温度,还能提升烧成陶瓷的抗水性与强度;氧化锆化学稳定性好,耐腐性好,其可提高陶瓷制品的硬度、强度、抗水性,与陶瓷纤维搭配可进一步提升陶瓷的耐热性和抗热冲击性能,降低膨胀系数;锂辉石性质稳定,耐热耐冷,其使高温烧制陶瓷的过程中胚体不因受热膨胀而开裂,同时烧成的陶瓷热稳定性高,并且锂辉石具有较好的助熔能力,助熔作用比K2O、Na2O强,可代替长石作为坯体的熔剂,降低产品的膨胀系数和烧结温度,缩短烧结时间;矾土可提升烧成陶瓷的抗酸碱腐蚀性,与锂辉石结合还可进一步加强烧成陶瓷的热稳定性。通过采用以上特定配比的原料组分,原料间相互搭配,协同作用,使所制得陶瓷具有优异的耐高温性能,最高耐热温度可达950~1000℃,正常使用温度可达800℃以上;其膨胀系数为0.1~0.5×10-6/℃,热膨胀系数低;并且具有优异的抗热冲击能力,陶瓷制品在800℃充分加热均匀后,直接浸入15℃冷水中,多次重复冷热冲击后未发现表面爆裂,热稳定性好。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1
一种可耐高温的陶瓷,包括如下重量份的原料组分:高岭土40份、二硼化钛5份、无碳硅晶须8份、氧化锆3份、陶瓷纤维15份、锂辉石10份、矾土6份。
该可耐高温的陶瓷的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1、按如上重量份取各原料组分,混合后经粉碎,过200目筛,除杂,制得粉料;
S2、向粉料中加入分料总重来3倍的蒸馏水,常温下超声分散,而后倒入球磨机中进行球磨,球磨速度为150r/min,球磨时间为7h;再过400目筛,制得浆料;
S3、将浆料进行压滤,直至滤饼水分为18%;练泥三次,练泥真空度为0.094MPa;陈腐7天后,挤压成型制成坯体;
S4、将坯体在100℃烘干5h,得到初成品;
S5、将初成品进行烧成处理;具体以15℃/min的速率升温至800℃,烧结2h,然后以10℃/min的速率升温至1050℃,烧结7h。
经检测,所制得可耐高温的陶瓷的热膨胀系数为0.5×10-6/℃;在800℃充分加热均匀后,直接浸入15℃冷水中,进行800-15℃热交换五次,无裂纹。
实施例2
一种可耐高温的陶瓷,包括如下重量份的原料组分:高岭土45份、二硼化钛9份、无碳硅晶须10份、氧化锆5份、陶瓷纤维18份、锂辉石12份、矾土8份。
该可耐高温的陶瓷的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1、按如上重量份取各原料组分,混合后经粉碎,过230目筛,除杂,制得粉料;
S2、向粉料中加入分料总重来5倍的蒸馏水,常温下超声分散,而后倒入球磨机中进行球磨,球磨速度为150r/min,球磨时间为7h;再过500目筛,制得浆料;
S3、将浆料进行压滤,直至滤饼水分为20%;练泥三次,练泥真空度为0.098MPa;陈腐10天后,挤压成型制成坯体;
S4、将坯体在100℃烘干4h,得到初成品;
S5、将初成品进行烧成处理;具体以20℃/min的速率升温至850℃,烧结4h,然后以15℃/min的速率升温至1080℃,烧结6h。
经检测,所制得可耐高温的陶瓷的热膨胀系数为0.2×10-6/℃;在800℃充分加热均匀后,直接浸入15℃冷水中,进行800-15℃热交换五次,无裂纹。
实施例3
一种可耐高温的陶瓷,包括如下重量份的原料组分:高岭土50份、二硼化钛8份、无碳硅晶须12份、氧化锆6份、陶瓷纤维17份、锂辉石12份、矾土9份。
该可耐高温的陶瓷的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1、按如上重量份取各原料组分,混合后经粉碎,过250目筛,除杂,制得粉料;
S2、向粉料中加入分料总重来4倍的蒸馏水,常温下超声分散,而后倒入球磨机中进行球磨,球磨速度为160r/min,球磨时间为6h;再过400目筛,制得浆料;
S3、将浆料进行压滤,直至滤饼水分为20%;练泥三次,练泥真空度为0.096MPa;陈腐12天后,挤压成型制成坯体;
S4、将坯体在110℃烘干4h,得到初成品;
S5、将初成品进行烧成处理;具体以15℃/min的速率升温至800℃,烧结3h,然后以15℃/min的速率升温至1100℃,烧结6h。
经检测,所制得可耐高温的陶瓷的热膨胀系数为0.1×10-6/℃;在800℃充分加热均匀后,直接浸入15℃冷水中,进行800-15℃热交换五次,无裂纹。
实施例4
一种可耐高温的陶瓷,包括如下重量份的原料组分:高岭土55份、二硼化钛7份、无碳硅晶须14份、氧化锆7份、陶瓷纤维16份、锂辉石14份、矾土10份。
该可耐高温的陶瓷的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1、按如上重量份取各原料组分,混合后经粉碎,过270目筛,除杂,制得粉料;
S2、向粉料中加入分料总重来4倍的蒸馏水,常温下超声分散,而后倒入球磨机中进行球磨,球磨速度为200r/min,球磨时间为5h;再过500目筛,制得浆料;
S3、将浆料进行压滤,直至滤饼水分为21%;练泥三次,练泥真空度为0.096MPa;陈腐12天后,挤压成型制成坯体;
S4、将坯体在120℃烘干3h,得到初成品;
S5、将初成品进行烧成处理;具体以18℃/min的速率升温至850℃,烧结3h,然后以12℃/min的速率升温至1120℃,烧结7h。
经检测,所制得可耐高温的陶瓷的热膨胀系数为0.3×10-6/℃;在800℃充分加热均匀后,直接浸入15℃冷水中,进行800-15℃热交换五次,无裂纹。
实施例5
一种可耐高温的陶瓷,包括如下重量份的原料组分:高岭土60份、二硼化钛10份、无碳硅晶须16份、氧化锆10份、陶瓷纤维20份、锂辉石15份、矾土12份。
该可耐高温的陶瓷的制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1、按如上重量份取各原料组分,混合后经粉碎,过300目筛,除杂,制得粉料;
S2、向粉料中加入分料总重来5倍的蒸馏水,常温下超声分散,而后倒入球磨机中进行球磨,球磨速度为180r/min,球磨时间为6h;再过500目筛,制得浆料;
S3、将浆料进行压滤,直至滤饼水分为22%;练泥三次,练泥真空度为0.098MPa;陈腐14天后,挤压成型制成坯体;
S4、将坯体在120℃烘干3h,得到初成品;
S5、将初成品进行烧成处理;具体以20℃/min的速率升温至900℃,烧结3h,然后以15℃/min的速率升温至1150℃,烧结5h。
经检测,所制得可耐高温的陶瓷的热膨胀系数为0.4×10-6/℃;在800℃充分加热均匀后,直接浸入15℃冷水中,进行800-15℃热交换五次,无裂纹。
尽管结合优选实施方案具体展示和介绍了本发明,但所属领域的技术人员应该明白,在不脱离所述权利要求书所限定的本发明的精神和范围内,在形式上和细节上可以对本发明做出各种变化,均为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种可耐高温的陶瓷,其特征在于,包括如下重量份的原料组分:高岭土40~60份、二硼化钛5~10份、无碳硅晶须8~16份、氧化锆3~10份、陶瓷纤维15~20份、锂辉石10~15份、矾土6~12份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可耐高温的陶瓷,其特征在于,包括如下重量份的原料组分:高岭土45~55份、二硼化钛7~9份、无碳硅晶须10~14份、氧化锆5~7份、陶瓷纤维16~18份、锂辉石12~14份、矾土8~10份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的可耐高温的陶瓷,其特征在于,包括如下重量份的原料组分:高岭土50份、二硼化钛8份、无碳硅晶须12份、氧化锆6份、陶瓷纤维17份、锂辉石12份、矾土9份。
4.权利要求1-3任一项所述的可耐高温的陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、按如上重量份取各原料组分,混合后经粉碎,过筛,除杂,制得粉料;
S2、向所述粉料中加入蒸馏水,常温下超声分散,而后倒入球磨机中进行球磨,再过筛,制得浆料;
S3、将所述浆料进行压滤,练泥,陈腐,挤压成型制成坯体;
S4、将所述坯体进行干燥处理,得到初成品;
S5、将所述初成品进行烧成处理。
5.根据权利要求4所述的可耐高温的陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中,所述过筛为过200~300目筛。
6.根据权利要求4所述的可耐高温的陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S2中,蒸馏水的加入量为所述粉料总重量3~5倍,球磨过程转速为150~200r/min,球磨时间为5~7h,再过400~500目筛。
7.根据权利要求4所述的可耐高温的陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,压滤至滤饼水分为18~22%;练泥次数为至少两次,练泥真空度为0.094~0.098MPa;陈腐7~14天。
8.根据权利要求4所述的可耐高温的陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中,所述干燥处理为在100~120℃烘干3~5h。
9.根据权利要求4所述的可耐高温的陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S5中,所述烧成处理的烧成温度为1050~1150℃。
10.根据权利要求9所述的可耐高温的陶瓷的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S5中,所述烧成处理具体包括:以15~20℃/min的速率升温至800~900℃,烧结2~4h,然后以10~15℃/min的速率升温至1050~1150℃,烧结5~7h。
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