CN110240475A - 一种高温耐热陶瓷及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高温耐热陶瓷及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110240475A
CN110240475A CN201910620950.7A CN201910620950A CN110240475A CN 110240475 A CN110240475 A CN 110240475A CN 201910620950 A CN201910620950 A CN 201910620950A CN 110240475 A CN110240475 A CN 110240475A
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陈瑶武
钟若鹏
孙骏
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Jieyang Heng Cheng Ceramic Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于陶瓷加工技术领域，具体涉及一种高温耐热陶瓷及其制备方法，所述基料为透锂长石、锂辉石和锂霞石；所述基料中透锂长石、锂辉石和锂霞石的重量百分比为：透锂长石35%，锂辉石40%，锂霞石25%；所述基料中主要氧化物为：SiO2、Al2O3、Li2O，主要氧化物的重量百分比为：SiO260%、Al2O330%、Li2O10%。本发明以透锂长石、锂辉石和锂霞石为基料，优化了陶瓷配方，生成主晶相为Li‑Al‑Si共融体；其具有原料来源丰富、工艺简单、烧结温度较低、吸水率小，抗热震性能高的特点；同时，在配方中适量加入增塑剂有利于成型工艺，提高制品的合格品率和优质品率。

Description

一种高温耐热陶瓷及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于陶瓷加工技术领域，具体涉及一种高温耐热陶瓷及其制备方法。
背景技术
陶瓷材料是用天然或合成化合物经过成型和高温烧结制成的一类无机非金属材料。它具有高熔点、高硬度、高耐磨性、耐氧化等优点。可用作结构材料、刀具材料，由于陶瓷还具有某些特殊的性能，又可作为功能材料。
日用陶瓷的产生可以说是因为人们对日常生活的需求而产生的，日常生活中人们接触最多，也是最熟悉的瓷器，如餐具、茶具、咖啡具、酒具、饭具等。
但是目前国内外的耐热陶瓷的吸水率普遍较高，导致耐热厨具及耐热茶具用久之后有污渍难以清洗干净，更因为耐热性能不佳导致制品存在容易开裂等缺陷。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中存在的缺陷，提供一种高温耐热陶瓷及其制备方法，其良好的抗热震性能使制品不易开裂，而且因低水率不会使制品产生污渍。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：一种高温耐热陶瓷，所述陶瓷由基料和添加剂组成，所述基料为透锂长石、锂辉石和锂霞石，所述添加剂为增塑剂，所述基料中透锂长石、锂辉石和锂霞石的重量百分比为：透锂长石30-45%，锂辉石30-40%，锂霞石25-35%。
进一步的，所述基料中主要氧化物为：SiO2、Al2O3、Li2O，主要氧化物的重量百分比为：SiO255-65%、Al2O325-35%、Li2O5-10%。
优选的，所述增塑剂包括明胶。
本发明一种高温耐热陶瓷的制备方法，所述制备方法具体步骤如下：
S1、原料精选：将基料进行破碎，然后将破碎后的基料全部通过150目筛；
S2、配料：将经步骤S1的基料，按照基料与添加剂的重量比为99~99.9%：0.1~1%进行配料，形成陶瓷原料；
S3、研磨：将步骤S2配料后的原料，按照原料：球：水的质量比为1:1.5:0.8，进行研磨，形成混合泥浆；
S4、过筛：将步骤S3研磨后的混合泥浆过250目筛，然后压榨练泥备用；
S5、成型和修坯：将步骤S4练好的泥条滚压成型，挤出成型陶瓷，修整成型陶瓷表面，剔除成型陶瓷表面的堵孔泥料；
S6、合成与烧成：将经过步骤S5修坯上釉后的成型陶瓷放入1250~1300℃的氧化气氛中烧结，烧成时间为7~9h，得到高温耐热陶瓷。
进一步的的所述步骤S3中的球为球磨子，研磨时间为16~20h。
本发明的有益效果为：
本发明以透锂长石、锂辉石和锂霞石为基料，优化了陶瓷配方，生成主晶相为Li-Al-Si共融体；为了使其具有低吸水率和高抗热震性，烧结温度控制在1250-1300℃；其具有原料来源丰富、工艺简单、烧结温度较低、吸水率小，抗热震性能高的特点；同时，在配方中适量加入增塑剂有利于成型工艺，提高制品的合格品率和优质品率。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的说明。
实施例1
一种高温耐热陶瓷由基料和增塑剂组成，所述基料为透锂长石、锂辉石和锂霞石；所述基料中透锂长石、锂辉石和锂霞石的重量百分比为：透锂长石30%，锂辉石35%，锂霞石35%；所述基料中主要氧化物为：SiO2、Al2O3、Li2O，主要氧化物的重量百分比为：SiO255%、Al2O335%、Li2O10%。
所述制备方法具体步骤如下：
S1、原料精选：按配方量将基料进行破碎，然后将破碎后的基料全部通过150目筛；
S2、配料：将经步骤S1的基料，按照基料与增塑剂的重量比为99%：1%进行配料，形成陶瓷原料；
S3、研磨：将步骤S2配料后的原料，按照原料：球：水的质量比为1:1.5:0.8，进行研磨，研磨时间为20h，形成混合泥浆，所述的球为球磨子；
S4、过筛：将步骤S3研磨后的混合泥浆过250目筛，然后压榨练泥备用；
S5、成型和修坯：将步骤S4练好的泥条滚压成型，挤出成型陶瓷，修整成型陶瓷表面，剔除成型陶瓷表面的堵孔泥料；
S6、合成与烧成：将经过步骤S5修坯上釉后的成型陶瓷放入1250℃的氧化气氛中烧结，烧成时间为7h，得到高温耐热陶瓷。
实施例2
一种高温耐热陶瓷由基料和增塑剂组成，所述基料为透锂长石、锂辉石和锂霞石；所述基料中透锂长石、锂辉石和锂霞石的重量百分比为：透锂长石35%，锂辉石40%，锂霞石25%；所述基料中主要氧化物为：SiO2、Al2O3、Li2O，主要氧化物的重量百分比为：SiO260%、Al2O330%、Li2O10%。
所述制备方法具体步骤如下：
S1、原料精选：按配方量将基料进行破碎，然后将破碎后的基料全部通过150目筛；
S2、配料：将经步骤S1的基料，按照基料与增塑剂的重量比为99.5%：0.5%进行配料，形成陶瓷原料；
S3、研磨：将步骤S2配料后的原料，按照原料：球：水的质量比为1:1.5:0.8，进行研磨，研磨时间为16h，形成混合泥浆，所述的球为球磨子；
S4、过筛：将步骤S3研磨后的混合泥浆过250目筛，然后压榨练泥备用；
S5、成型和修坯：将步骤S4练好的泥条滚压成型，挤出成型陶瓷，修整成型陶瓷表面，剔除成型陶瓷表面的堵孔泥料；
S6、合成与烧成：将经过步骤S5修坯后的成型陶瓷放入1300℃的氧化气氛中烧结，烧成时间为8h，得到高温耐热陶瓷。
实施例3
一种高温耐热陶瓷由基料和增塑剂组成，所述基料为透锂长石、锂辉石和锂霞石；所述基料中透锂长石、锂辉石和锂霞石的重量百分比为：透锂长石45%，锂辉石30%，锂霞石25%；所述基料中主要氧化物为：SiO2、Al2O3、Li2O，主要氧化物的重量百分比为：SiO265%、Al2O330%、Li2O5%。
所述制备方法具体步骤如下：
S1、原料精选：按配方量将基料进行破碎，然后将破碎后的基料全部通过150目筛；
S2、配料：将经步骤S1的基料，按照基料与增塑剂的重量比为99.9%：0.1%进行配料，形成陶瓷原料；
S3、研磨：将步骤S2配料后的原料，按照原料：球：水的质量比为1:1.5:0.8，进行研磨，研磨时间为20h，形成混合泥浆，所述的球为球磨子；
S4、过筛：将步骤S3研磨后的混合泥浆过250目筛，然后压榨练泥备用；
S5、成型和修坯：将步骤S4练好的泥条滚压成型，挤出成型陶瓷，修整成型陶瓷表面，剔除成型陶瓷表面的堵孔泥料；
S6、合成与烧成：将经过步骤S5修坯后的成型陶瓷放入1300℃的氧化气氛中烧结，烧成时间为9h，得到高温耐热陶瓷。
实施例1~3制备的高温耐热陶瓷性能测试，结果如表1所示：
表1
对实施例1-3的陶瓷产品进行抗热震性、机械强度、抗冲击强度等进行测试，结果如表2所示:。
抗热震性是表明陶瓷产品抵抗外界温度急剧变化时而不出现裂纹或无破损能力的特征性指标，是重要的使用性能指标。根据GB T 3298-2008对本发明陶瓷产品的抗热震性进行测试，本标准为一次冷热循环后观察是否有裂纹、破损等缺陷，静置24h后复查。按照该标准的测试方法，将试样在加热炉中加热至230℃，然后投入20±2℃的水槽中，观察是否有裂纹、破损等缺陷；进行3次该冷热循环，得出结果。
表2
抗热震性 机械强度（MPa） 抗冲击强度（J/cm²）
实施例1 无裂纹、破损等缺陷 158 2.92
实施例2 无裂纹、破损等缺陷 155 2.68
实施例3 无裂纹、破损等缺陷 152 2.54
应当指出的是，具体实施方式只是本发明比较有代表性的例子，显然本发明的技术方案不限于上述实施例，还可以有很多变形。本领域的普通技术人员，以本发明所明确公开的或根据文件的书面描述毫无异议的得到的，均应认为是本专利所要保护的范围。

Claims (6)

1.一种高温耐热陶瓷，其特征在于，所述陶瓷由基料和添加剂组成，所述基料为透锂长石、锂辉石和锂霞石，所述添加剂为增塑剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高温耐热陶瓷，其特征在于，所述基料中透锂长石、锂辉石和锂霞石的重量百分比为：透锂长石30-45%，锂辉石30-40%，锂霞石25-35%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高温耐热陶瓷，其特征在于，所述基料中主要氧化物为：SiO2、Al2O3、Li2O，主要氧化物的重量百分比为：SiO255-65%、Al2O325-35%、Li2O5-10%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高温耐热陶瓷，其特征在于，所述增塑剂包括明胶。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的一种高温耐热陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法具体步骤如下：
S1、原料精选：将基料进行破碎，然后将破碎后的基料全部通过150目筛；
S2、配料：将经步骤S1的基料，按照基料与添加剂的重量比为99~99.9%：0.1~1%进行配料，形成陶瓷原料；
S3、研磨：将步骤S2配料后的原料，按照原料：球：水的质量比为1:1.5:0.8，进行研磨，形成混合泥浆；
S4、过筛：将步骤S3研磨后的混合泥浆过250目筛，然后压榨练泥备用；
S5、成型和修坯：将步骤S4练好的泥条滚压成型，挤出成型陶瓷，修整成型陶瓷表面，剔除成型陶瓷表面的堵孔泥料；
S6、合成与烧成：将经过步骤S5修坯上釉后的成型陶瓷放入1250~1300℃的氧化气氛中烧结，烧成时间为7~9h，得到高温耐热陶瓷。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种高温耐热陶瓷的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S3中的球为球磨子，研磨时间为16~20h。
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