CN109316835B - 一种电气石复合空气滤料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种电气石复合空气滤料的制备方法,所述方法是将依序叠置的滤料基体层、热熔胶膜层和电气石粉末层以热压方式复合成一体,所述滤料基体层为空气过滤材料;或者:所述方法是将叠置的滤料基体层和电气石粉末层以热压方式复合成一体,所述滤料基体层为空气过滤材料,且所述空气过滤材料为混有低熔点纤维的织造或非织造的纤维型滤料基体。本发明的滤料中的电气石颗粒不被完全包裹在内部,不影响电气石的发挥功能,并且所制备的复合空气滤料二次处理很方便,可重复水洗使用,而水洗五次后重量损失≤5%。本发明还涉及所述制备方法制得的空气过滤材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及过滤材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种新型负离电气石复合空气滤料的制备方法。
背景技术
提高过滤材料对微细颗粒物的过滤效率一直是业内关注的焦点,尤其是在室内空气过滤领域。驻极体过滤材料因具有高效低阻的特点近年来得到推广应用,但是通过电晕放电、静电纺、摩擦荷电等方法制备的驻极体滤料,不经过二次处理不能重复使用,而二次处理又需要采用专业的设备,为滤料的二次处理造成极大不便。
电气石是一种天然驻极体材料,有很好的环境属性,具有自发极化特性,可吸附粉尘,产生负离子,在环保领域得到越来越多的应用。现在电气石较多地应用在污水处理领域,其在空气过滤领域的应用却非常少见,急需扩展。
将电气石应用在空气过滤中主要是将其与过滤材料结合,目前已有的含电气石的空气过滤材料的制备,主要涉及两种方法:(1)纳米级电气石颗粒与聚合物混合,通过溶液静电纺或熔融静电纺制备成纤维膜;(2)制备成电气石处理剂,如纳米电气石溶液,然后对滤料进行涂覆或浸渍处理。两种方法各有优点,同时也存在不足。纺丝法使用纳米级电气石颗粒,然而电气石颗粒在纳米级状态下一些性能可能会发生改变,更重要的是纺丝法是将电气石颗粒包裹在聚合物纤维内部,影响了电气石性能的发挥(如灰尘吸附作用和负离子的释放)。而浸渍法是滤料中常用的后处理方法,虽然可实现电气石的均匀附着,但纳米级颗粒的浸渍下同时会显著地增大滤料的整体阻力、增加能耗,与空气过滤材料所需的“高效低阻”的设计要求相违背。因此,如何将电气石,特别是微米级电气石颗粒与过滤材料更好地相结合,是一项有待突破的技术难题。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
为了解决现有技术的上述问题,本发明提供一种电气石复合空气滤料的制备方法,滤料中的电气石颗粒不会被完全包裹在内部,因而不影响电气石的发挥功能,并且所制备的复合空气滤料不会因电气石的加入而导致阻力过大。此外,本发明制备的空气过滤材料二次处理很方便,可重复水洗使用,而水洗五次后重量损失≤5%。本发明还涉及所述制备方法制得的空气过滤材料。
(二)技术方案
为了达到上述目的,本发明采用的主要技术方案包括:
一种电气石复合空气滤料的制备方法,其中:所述方法是将依序叠置的滤料基体层、热熔胶膜层和电气石粉末层以热压方式复合成一体,所述滤料基体层为空气过滤材料;或者:
所述方法是将叠置的滤料基体层和电气石粉末层以热压方式复合成一体,所述滤料基体层为空气过滤材料,且所述空气过滤材料为混有低熔点纤维的织造或非织造的纤维型滤料基体。
优选地,所述电气石粉末为中值粒径8-15um的电气石粉末。
优选地,所述电气石粉末层的铺陈厚度≥1mm。
优选地,所述滤料基体层为中效空气过滤材料或初效空气过滤材料。
优选地,所述电气石粉末层位于最底部或最顶部,所述热熔胶膜设于该滤料基体层与电气石粉末层之间。
作为本发明一个较佳实施例,所述制备方法包括:
S1:筛选电气石粉末,并充分干燥;
S2:将电气石粉末通过粉末喷洒装置喷吹,均匀铺陈在加热板上,使电气石粉末的铺陈厚度≥1mm;
S3:加热板加热升温,使电气石粉末的表面温度达到热熔胶膜的熔点;
S4:在该电气石粉末的上铺设热熔胶膜,在热熔胶膜上放置滤料基体,在所述滤料基体上施加压力并同时升温加热,加热至所述热熔胶膜接近完全融化,加热板停止加热;
S5:冷却后,撤去压力,吹扫清除所述滤料基体表面残留的、未粘结和粘结不牢固的电气石粉末颗粒,制得电气石复合空气滤料。
优选地,步骤S3中,所述热熔胶膜为熔点在80-130℃之间的热熔胶膜。
优选地,步骤S4中,所述压力大小为所述滤料基体重量的1~2倍,且对应所述电气石粉末的覆盖面均匀分布。
优选地,步骤S4中,所述加热时间小于所述热熔胶膜完全熔化的时间。
优选地,步骤S5中,所述吹扫是使用强力吸尘器或吹风机对所述滤料基体表面残留的、未粘结和粘结不牢固的电气石粉末颗粒进行清除,直至所述电气石复合空气滤料的重量不再变化为止。
优选地,所述电气石复合空气滤料的清洗方法为:电气石复合空气滤料容尘后,直接用高压水冲洗,干燥后即可二次使用。
作为本发明一个较佳实施例,所述制备方法包括:
a1:筛选电气石粉末,并充分干燥,盛装到粉末喷洒装置中;
a2:放卷带状滤料基体材料,使所述带状滤料基体材料依次经过粉末喷洒装置和热定型烘箱,所述粉末喷洒装置将电气石粉末喷洒到所述带状滤料基体材料的表面;其中所述带状滤料基体材料表面覆有热熔胶膜,所述热定型烘箱内还配设有加压装置;
a3:表面喷洒有电气石粉末的带状滤料基体材料进入所述热定型烘箱中,所述热定型烘箱内温度升至所述热熔胶膜的熔点温度,同时所述加压装置从上方和下方施加压力,将电气石粉末与带状滤料基体材料进行挤压热压复合;
a4:在所述热定型烘箱外,使用强力吸尘器或吹风机对所述滤料基体材料表面残留的、未粘结和粘结不牢固的电气石粉末颗粒进行清除,制得电气石复合空气滤料,并收卷。
优选地,步骤a2中,所述加压装置为竖直方向上设置的压辊。所述压辊包括一组或多组。
其中,所述带状滤料基体材料为混有低熔点(如80-130℃之间)纤维的织造或非织造的纤维型滤料基体,用以替换表面覆有聚氨酯热熔胶膜的滤料基体。低熔点纤维在热定型烘箱内受热熔化,在加压装置作用下,同样能够将上表面喷洒的电气石粉末与滤料基体热压复合成一体。
本发明还提供一种电气石复合空气滤料,其是采用上述任一制备方法制备得到。
(三)有益效果
本发明的有益效果是:
(1)本发明的制备方法,对电气石粉末的粒径范围没有苛刻的限制,适用于微米级,微米级颗粒尺寸较大,易形成微小孔隙,且热压复合后才有强力吸风机或吹风机清扫未粘接或粘接不牢固的电气石颗粒,制作完成后易形成微孔,因此具有减小整个电气石复合空气滤料的阻力的效果,符合“高效低阻”的设计要求。
(2)本发明的制备方法,电气石粉末层与滤料基体为热压复合成一体,因此电气石粉末未被包裹在内部,而是裸露在外表面,因此可直接与空气、尘埃接触,有利于电气石发挥其尘土吸附和释放负离子的特性。本发明的制备方法,优选使电气石颗粒均匀镶嵌在滤料基体的非迎尘面,不会完全包裹电气石颗粒,有利于充分发挥电气石自身特性,提高过滤材料的过滤效率。
(3)本发明的制备方法,无需使用纳米级的电气石粉末,因此可避免因电气石粉末颗粒在纳米级状态下一些性能的改变或损失,防止电气石粉末颗粒的因粒径变化而受影响。
(4)本发明制备方法制得的电气石复合空气滤料,二次处理非常简便,在电气石复合空气滤料容尘后,可直接采用高压水喷雾冲洗、干燥后重复使用,水洗五次后重量损失≤5%。本发明的方法方法可在工业生产中大规模应用。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的电气石复合空气滤料制备方法示意图。
图2为实施例1制备的电气石复合空气滤料结构示意图。
图3为本发明实施例2的电气石复合空气滤料制备方法示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更好的解释本发明,以便于理解,下面结合附图,通过具体实施方式,对本发明作详细描述。
实施例1
本实施例制备一种在F5空气过滤材料表面设置电气石粉末层的复合复合空气滤料,参见图1所示,其制备方法为:
S1:筛选电气石粉末1,并充分干燥。筛选的电气石粉末1为中值粒径15um的新疆产黑电气石粉末。
S2:将电气石粉末1通过粉末喷洒装置喷吹,均匀沉降、铺陈在加热板2上,使电气石粉末的铺陈厚度≥1mm。
S3:开启加热板2加热升温,使电气石粉末1的上表面温度达到热熔胶膜的熔点温度。使用聚氨酯热熔胶膜(TPU),熔点约为119℃。
S4:在该电气石粉末1的上表面铺设热熔胶膜3,在热熔胶膜3上放置滤料基体4,形成三明治结构。在滤料基体4上施加正向向下的压力F并同时升温加热,加热至热熔胶膜3接近完全融化,加热板2停止加热。滤料基体4为F5空气过滤材料。
其中,压力F大小为滤料基体4的重量的1~2倍,优选为2倍,且对应电气石粉末1所铺陈的覆盖面均匀分布。通过2倍于滤料基体4重量的压力,使滤料基体4与电气石粉末充分接触,附着量达到饱和状态。若压力大于2倍时,则压力过大,导致滤料基体4在热处理过程中易发生变形。
其中,优选地,使加热时间小于所述热熔胶膜3完全熔化的时间,即未等热熔胶膜3完全熔化,即关闭加热板2。
S5:冷却后,撤去压力F,使用强力吸尘器或吹风机对滤料基体4表面残留的、未粘结和粘结不牢固的电气石粉末1的颗粒进行吹扫、清除,直至电气石复合空气滤料的重量不再变化为止,即完成制作过程。制作的电气石复合空气滤料的结构参见图2所示。其中,电气石粉末(层)1露在滤料基体4(F5空气过滤材料)的表面,故不影响电气石粉末灰尘吸附、释放负离子的功能发挥。
当电气石复合空气滤料在空气净化器中经使用容尘后,需要进行处理时,只需要直接用高压水喷雾冲洗进,干燥后还可反复使用,当电气石复合空气滤料再反复使用、清洗后重量损失累计超过30%时弃用。
实施例2
本实施例制备一种在高铁动车组用空气过滤材料表面设置电气石粉末层的复合复合空气滤料,参见图3所示,其制备方法为:
a1:筛选电气石粉末6,并充分干燥,将其盛装到粉末喷洒装置7中。电气石粉末6为中值粒径8um的布格电气石粉末。
a2:放卷带状滤料基体材料8,该带状滤料基体材料8为高铁动车组用G4型空气过滤材料。放卷后,带状滤料基体材料8依次经过粉末喷洒装置7和热定型烘箱9。粉末喷洒装置7的喷粉口朝向带状滤料基体材料8的上表面,以将电气石粉末6喷洒到带状滤料基体材料8的表面,优选地,铺陈厚度为1mm。该带状滤料基体材料8的表面预先覆有聚氨酯热熔胶膜,而热定型烘箱9内还配设有加压装置。加压装置为竖直方向上设置一组或多组压辊,需预先调节好压辊间隙,防止挤压力过大而损坏带状滤料基体材料8本身。
在粉末喷洒装置7下方设置有集沉槽,收集从带状滤料基体材料8漏下的电气石粉末6。
a3:所述表面喷洒有电气石粉末6的带状滤料基体材料8进入热定型烘箱9中后,被加热温度升至热熔胶膜的熔点温度,同时穿过压辊之间的间隙,被压辊从上方和下方施加压力,在热熔胶膜作用下,将电气石粉末6与带状滤料基体材料8实现挤压热压复合成一体。
a4:在热定型烘箱9外,冷却下来后,使用强力吸尘器或吹风机对滤料基体材料8表面残留的、未粘结和粘结不牢固的电气石粉末颗粒进行清除,制得电气石复合空气滤料,并收卷。
在本实施例的电气石/G4型空气过滤材料复合滤料容尘饱和后,可直接用高压水喷雾冲洗、充分干燥后,称量重量无变化,可继续使用。
实施例3
本实施例是在实施例2的基础上,将表面覆有聚氨酯热熔胶膜的带状基体材料8改为混有低熔点(如80-130℃)纤维的织造或非织造的纤维型滤料基体。其中,低熔点纤维在热定型烘箱9内受热熔化,在加压装置作用下,同样能够将上表面喷洒的电气石粉末6与带状基体材料8热压复合成一体。
按照本发明制备的电气石复合空气滤料,没有对电气石粉颗粒的粒径范围作严苛限制,同时保证电气石颗粒的特性不因粒径变化而受影响。本发明的方法使电气石颗粒均匀镶嵌在滤料的非迎尘面,不会完全包裹电气石颗粒,充分发挥电气石自身特性,提高电气石复合空气滤料的过滤效率。本发明制备的电气石复合空气滤料在容尘饱和后,可直接采用高压水喷雾冲洗、干燥后重复使用,水洗五次后重量损失≤5%。本发明方法非常适宜在工业生产应用。
Claims (9)
1.一种电气石复合空气滤料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述方法是将依序叠置的滤料基体层、热熔胶膜层和电气石粉末层以热压方式复合成一体,所述滤料基体层为空气过滤材料;或者
所述方法是将叠置的滤料基体层和电气石粉末层以热压方式复合成一体,所述滤料基体层为空气过滤材料,且所述空气过滤材料为混有低熔点纤维的织造或非织造的纤维型滤料基体;
所述电气石粉末颗粒裸露在外表面、且镶嵌在滤料基体的非迎尘面,所述电气石粉末为中值粒径8-15um的新疆产黑电气石粉末;所述滤料基体层为中效空气过滤材料或初效空气过滤材料;且热压复合后采用强力吸风机或吹风机清扫未粘接或粘接不牢固的电气石颗粒,制作完成后形成微孔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述电气石粉末层位于最底部或最顶部,所述热熔胶膜设于该滤料基体层与电气石粉末层之间。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述电气石复合空气滤料的清洗方法为:电气石复合空气滤料容尘后,直接用高压水冲洗,干燥后即可二次使用。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括:
S1:筛选电气石粉末,并充分干燥;
S2:将电气石粉末通过粉末喷洒装置喷吹,均匀铺陈在加热板上,使电气石粉末的铺陈厚度≥1mm;
S3:加热板加热升温,使电气石粉末的表面温度达到热熔胶膜的熔点;
S4:在该电气石粉末的上铺设热熔胶膜,在热熔胶膜上放置滤料基体,在所述滤料基体上施加压力并同时升温加热,加热至所述热熔胶膜接近完全融化,加热板停止加热;
S5:冷却后,撤去压力,吹扫清除所述滤料基体表面残留的、未粘结和粘结不牢固的电气石粉末颗粒,制得电气石复合空气滤料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S3中,所述热熔胶膜为熔点在80-130℃之间的热熔胶膜。
6.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S4中,所述压力大小为所述滤料基体重量的1~2倍,且对应所述电气石粉末的覆盖面均匀分布。
7.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤S5中,所述吹扫是使用强力吸尘器或吹风机对所述滤料基体表面残留的、未粘结和粘结不牢固的电气石粉末颗粒进行清除,直至所述电气石复合空气滤料的重量不再变化为止。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括:
a1:筛选电气石粉末,并充分干燥,盛装到粉末喷洒装置中;
a2:放卷带状滤料基体材料,使所述带状滤料基体材料依次经过粉末喷洒装置和热定型烘箱,所述粉末喷洒装置将电气石粉末喷洒到所述带状滤料基体材料的表面;其中所述带状滤料基体材料表面设有热熔胶膜,所述热定型烘箱内还配设有加压装置;
a3:表面喷洒有电气石粉末的带状滤料基体材料进入所述热定型烘箱中,所述热定型烘箱内温度升至所述热熔胶膜的熔点温度,同时所述加压装置从上方和下方施加压力,将电气石粉末与带状滤料基体材料进行热压复合;
a4:在所述热定型烘箱外,使用强力吸尘器或吹风机对所述滤料基体材料表面残留的、未粘结和粘结不牢固的电气石粉末颗粒进行清除,制得电气石复合空气滤料,并收卷。
9.一种电气石复合空气滤料,其是采用上述权利要求1~8任一项所述的制备方法制备得到。
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