CN1093018A - 具有增强传递性能的高通量中空纤维膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
具有增强传递性能的高通量中空纤维膜及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种纯化含水生物流体的半透
膜。该膜特别适合于经血液透析器纯化体外血液。
优选的膜是由中空纤维形成的,其由亲水聚合材料、
优选为乙酸纤维素制成。该膜的特征包括:超滤系数
(Kuf)为约15—55ml/hr/mmHg/m2(根据“高通
量”型膜确定),尿的传质系数(Kov(尿)为至少38×
10-3cm/min,Kov(尿)/Kuf比率为至少2.5×
10-3。这种适合血液透析的膜的中空纤维的腔室直
径为约175—210μm,壁厚为约10—35μm。按照本
发明公开的制备膜的方法,挤出含约32—40%w/w
乙酸纤维素,约5—10%w/w甘油和约50—
67%w/w聚乙二醇的熔融物,制成中空纤维;冷却
该纤维,冷拉伸,水浸沥,用甘油溶液再增塑。
Description
在含水生物流体的纯化中,半透膜是有用的,按现有技术制备的半透膜在某些应用中是有利的,尽管如此,它们还是具有某些局限性。本发明的目的是克服现有技术中的膜的缺点并提供至今还没有过的新特征。
参照附图,根据下面的详细描述,对本发明的特征和优点进行论述。
图1是现有技术中的低通量乙酸纤维素膜对麦芽糖糊精的筛分和排斥特征曲线,这些在实施例4中论述。
图2描述了两种现有技术中的血液透析膜对麦芽糖糊精的筛分曲线,这些将在实施例4中论述。
图3是现有技术中的“Ployflux 130”膜与本发明膜比较,对麦芽糖糊精的对比筛分曲线,这些将在实施例4中论述。
图4是描述现有技术中的“Ployflux 130”膜的筛分特性和相应的排斥统计量曲线,这些将在实施例4中论述。
图5是描述现有技术中“F80”膜(对麦芽糖糊精)的筛分和排斥统计量的曲线,这些将在实施例4中论述。
本发明提供了一种半透中空纤维膜,具有水力(即水)渗透性和扩散(即溶质)渗透性的新的结合。在扩散渗透方面,本发明的膜对通常存在于含水生物流体(如血)中的分子量高至30000道尔顿和更高的溶质是可渗透的,因此,当应用在分离过程和血液纯化上时,这种膜提供了最优的操作特征。
本发明还包括了一种制备具有上述特性的乙酸纤维素纤维的方法。
本发明的纤维优选包含热塑性亲水聚合材料,更优选的是乙酸纤维素。用在生物流体方面,亲水性聚合材料优选的是能防止形成血栓的,是无毒性的。已发现纤维素聚合材料特别适合应用在这一方面。
为了形成具有必要的水力和扩散渗透性特征的膜,要液化(即熔化)亲水性聚合材料,与易和水混合的亲水聚合材料的溶剂及易和水混合的亲水聚合材料的非溶剂相结合。当然,溶剂和非溶剂在亲水聚合材料的熔化温度下必需是液体。此外,溶剂和非溶剂优选的是无毒的,是能防止血栓形成的。将所得混合物混合均匀,通过一环形挤出模具进行“熔融纺丝”(即在熔融状态下挤出)。
正如下面将要讨论的,此混合物可以熔融纺丝二次,一次是使用适合于制造固体纤维的模具,第二次是使用能生产中空纤维的环形模具。纺丝两次可以很好地控制中空纤维的组成和特性。
挤出后,所得中空纤维迅速冷却使它们的组成材料固化,并在热水里浸沥去除溶剂和非溶剂。
在熔化状态,溶剂和非溶剂组份的分子随亲水聚合材料的分子均匀地分散。在挤出和接下来的冷却中,相对于溶剂和非溶剂组份,亲水聚合材料分子要经历一定程度的热力学排序。(这一过程叫“热诱导相分离过程”,缩写为“TIPS”)。结果是,在纺丝期间,亲水聚合材料分子相互连结形成迷宫环式结构,在用水浸沥去除溶剂和非溶剂后,这种结构的特征是具有大量的密集的孔径极小的盘旋孔隙。这些孔隙延伸到中空纤维的壁上,提供了水和溶质通过该壁的路径。开始占据这些孔隙的溶剂和非溶剂分子,由于它们是易和水混合的且也不会和亲水聚合材料形成共价键,所以通过用水浸沥就去除掉了。
例如,但不是限定,本发明的乙酸纤维素中空纤维是用包含三种组分的混合物的组合物制备的。第一个组份是乙酸纤维素聚合物,它提供了膜的构架。第二个组份是甘油,在环境温度下对纤维素是一种非溶剂,第三个组份是聚乙二醇,在环境温度下对纤维是一种溶剂。优选的制备乙酸纤维素膜的混合物基本上包括约32-40%(w/w)的乙酸纤维素,约5-10%(W/W)的甘油,平衡量分子量范围为约150-600道尔顿的聚乙二醇。
按本发明,制备乙酸纤维素膜的方法典型地包括一“化合”步骤,在该步骤中,在接近乙酸纤维素的熔化温度下(约165-180℃)三种化合物混合均匀,所得第一“熔融物”通过模具挤出形成固态丝,用常规方法将丝冷却成球。这些小球的组成基本上和第一熔融物的组成一致。这些程序上的步骤也通常用于生产本发明的其它亲水聚合材料的第一熔融物并挤出第一熔融物。
从小球生产中空纤维膜是先充分加热小球形成第二“熔融物”,再通过环形喷丝头挤出,所得中空纤维立即空气冷却,在约80℃-95℃的水浴中浸沥。
通过环形喷丝头挤出时的第二熔融物的温度是影响所得膜的水力渗透性的关键参数。例如,对于乙酸纤维素,在纺丝温度上升高一摄氏度,则中空纤维的水力渗透性下降约2ml/min/mmHg/m2。因此,通过简单的控制纺丝温度,就可以“确定”中空纤维的水力渗透性。
中空纤维在离开环形喷丝头时的冷却条件维持基本上不变使得由喷丝头产生的纤维在整个长度上纤维特征均匀,这一点也重要。这些条件包括,但不是必要的限定,用来冷却纤维的空气的温度、经过离开喷丝头的纤维的空气运动速度、纤维离开喷丝头时作用在纤维上的轴向张力、纤维离开喷丝头时相对于纤维轴向速度的纤维冷却速率、用来冷却空气的湿度。轴向张力应足以轴向拉伸纤维但不超过20%。
在水浴中,中空纤维中的甘油和聚乙二醇组分被从聚合物组分中浸沥出来,浸沥后,中空纤维丝卷在湿的条件下拿出来,这些湿的纤维具有优良的水力和扩散渗透特性,对中等和高分子量物质的溶质有高的清洗性能,同时用在血液透析器等方面还表现出易操作的超虑速率。
在湿纤维的“孔中”,水分子基本上取代了用水浸沥掉的溶剂和非溶剂分子,因此,水分子对纤维的完整性在很大程度上作出了贡献,否则纤维会破裂,并失去希望的水力和扩散渗透特性。
然而,在拉伸期间维持纤维在湿的条件下或将“湿”纤维用已知方法装入设备如血液透析器中是不可能实现的。所以,最后有必要用稳定的物质来取代绝大部分的水,这种物质在环境温度下不会蒸发,也不会干扰下续的将纤维装入有用的设备中的必要步骤,这一水取代步骤叫“再增塑”。
例如,湿的乙酸纤维素纤维优选用甘油水溶液来进行“再增塑”湿纤维拆卷并在25℃左右的甘油浓度约30-40%W/W的甘油水溶液中浸泡、再在加热至约70-80℃的空气中干燥纤维,干燥后,由于“增塑体”(即甘油和一些水)与在环境温度和湿度下的大气平衡,所以乙酸纤维素可以在拉伸期间内保持稳定。平衡中,乙酸纤维素膜中的甘油浓度约45-50%W/W,水含量约15-18%W/W/。
本发明的中空乙酸纤维素可以用现有技术中的方法制成中空纤维血液透析器。当做成血液透析器时,这些纤维具有下列特性:
纤维内径: 约175-210μm,
纤维壁厚: 约10-35μm,
超虑系数(KuF): 约15-55mL/hr/mmHg/m2
尿传质系数(Kov(尿)):约38×10-3cm/mim或更高
[Kov(尿)]/KuF比率:至少2.5×10-3
按本发明,制备用在血液透析过程中的血液透析器的代表性的介绍见附录A。
按本发明,用来测定血液透析器的有代表性的临床监测原始记录见附录B。
实施例1
本实施例是研究乙酸纤维素的浓度和水浴浸沥温度对本发明中空纤维膜的扩散(Kov)和水力(KuF)渗透值的影响,结果见表1。
表1
乙酸纤维素 65℃浸浴 75℃浸浴
(%W/W) Kov(尿) KuF* Kov(尿) KuF*
(cm/mim) (cm/mim)
42.8 35.5×10-37.6 37.7×10-310.2
40.3 33.9×10-39.0 - -
38.3 37.3×10-313.3 41.6×10-319.8
38.3 36.8×10-313.3 43.4×10-318.4
36.7 38.2×10-318.2 45.0×10-325.6
34.6 41.0×10-324.4 46.9×10-331.1
32.9 42.7×10-327.4 47.9×10-336.1
*单位:mL/hr/mmHg/m2
实施例2
本实施例是描述浸浴温度对本发明的优选乙酸纤维素含量为34.5%W/W的乙酸纤维中空纤维的扩散渗透(Kov)和水力渗透(KuF)的影响,结果见表2。
表2浴温℃ Kov(尿) KuF
cm/mim mL/hr/mmHg/m2
75 52.1×10-327.8
80 50.0×10-329.4
85 49.6×10-336.4
实施例3
本实施例是描述化合温度和中空纤维的熔融纺丝温度对含有34.5%W/W乙酸纤维素的中空纤维在经过85℃浸浴后的扩散和水力渗透的影响,结果见表3。
表3化合温度(℃) 纤维纺丝 Kov(Na) KuF
温度(℃) (cm/mim) (mL/hr/mmHg/m2)
165.6 172.2 45.7×10-356.1
168.3 175 45.7×10-352.2
171.1 175 51×10-332.4
173.8 175 49.6×10-336.5
176.7 177.2 44.5×10-329.2
实施例4
本实施例是研究本发明的中空纤维膜与现有技术的中空纤维膜比较的筛分特性。筛分统计值是使用麦芽糖糊精溶液来确定的。一般地可以参看Feldhoff等人的“Effect of Plasma Proteins On the Sieving Spectra of HemofilterS,”Artif.Organs 8:186-192(1984)。
本发明做成的乙酸纤维素中空纤维用传统工艺包成中空纤维血液透析器。
中空纤维腔(即由纤维制成的半透膜的“血液一侧”)接受包含有麦芽糖糊精的人类血浆或盐水洗涤。用在该研究中的麦芽糖糊精有一个从约350道尔顿(麦芽糖)至高于120000道尔顿的连续分子量分布。当用在血液透析器中时,透析液通常在37℃用在“透析液”一侧。
三升从全血中回收的人类血浆30分钟加热到60℃,以杀灭糊精酶。血浆在10000xg下离心30分钟将所有冷沉淀物和由于加热血浆产生的蛋白质凝结物去除。加入麦芽糖糊精至浓度为6%W/W。血浆-麦芽糖糊精溶液的温度用水浴维持在37℃并缓慢搅拌。
为用盐水洗涤纤维腔,制备1升普通盐水,并维持在37℃。
血浆或普通盐水通过纤维腔室的传送和透析液的传送用常规的蠕动泵同时进行,从相应的储存容器至透析器和返回每条管道不长于1米。调节“血浆泵”以200ml/min将血浆或盐水输送到透析器的动脉口,此时,在静脉口有轻微的回压。“透析泵”连接至透析器的透析口,此时,下游的透析液处被堵塞。透析泵流量为30ml/min。
压力转换器用“T”型管连接到动脉血口、静脉血口和上游透析液处。所有压力检测元件安装在同一静水力高度上以避免出现压差。
在按上述方法连接前,用一升普通盐水在一米的水静压头下“膜横向”流动,漂洗透析器,从中空纤维中洗出甘油和其它溶质。按上述连接后,用从37℃的储存容器中流出的0.5升普通盐水漂洗透析器。这0.5升盐水流过纤维后排放至下水道。然后再用0.5升保持在37℃的储存容器中的普通盐水漂洗透析器1200秒,流过纤维后盐水返回储存容器。排尽透析器的所有盐水,在透析液一侧的血浆/麦芽糖糊精溶液极度的稀。
血浆/麦芽糖糊精溶液开始流动穿过纤维,直到血浆溶液出现在静脉血处为止,将在该处出现的所有液体排放到下水道中。然后,在所述溶液连续流过纤维的期间内,将血浆溶液循环回到37℃的储存容器中,这样连续循环60分钟,在20和60分钟时取血浆和穿过纤维的滤液样,用高压液相色谱(HPLC)分析,以确定各种分子量样品的麦芽糖糊精的浓度。
60分钟后,停止实验,从透析器中冲洗出全部血浆溶液。把透析侧排空至储存容器中以防止低分子量麦芽糖糊精分子的损失。
收集的这些实验的结果列于图1-5。
图1是结合Althin CD Medical,Inc.Miami Lakes,Florida制造的现有技术的低通量乙酸纤维素基膜的“CDAK4000”透析器的麦芽糖糊精的筛分和排斥特性曲线。在图1中正方形点相应于膜排斥(即阻止通过)具有某一分子量的麦芽糖糊精分子的能力。菱形点相应于膜筛分(即通过)麦芽糖糊精分子的能力。
从现有技术可知,血液过滤膜特性的描述典型是依据它们的超虑率(ml/min/mmHg/m2)和筛分特性来进行的。适当的筛分统计值是通过测量溶质(这里是麦芽糖糊精)在“血液”一侧和“透析”一侧液体中的浓度来确定的。图1中筛分统计值是由Cd/(Cb+Cd)定义的,其中Cd=溶质在透析侧的浓度,Cb=溶质在血液侧的浓度。图1中排斥统计值是由Cb/(Cb+Cd)定义的。
图2描述了两种现有技术的血液透析膜对麦芽糖糊精的筛分曲线,“筛分系数”轴(纵坐标)代表按上面叙述的筛分统计值。在图2中,“Polyflux 130”膜是由Gambro,Lund,Sweden制造的亲水聚酰胺基高通量膜;“F80”膜是由Fresenius制造的聚砜膜。
图3是现有技术中“Polyflux 130”膜和本发明的“Altrex B”膜对麦芽糖糊精的筛分对比曲线。
图4描述了现有技术中“Ployflux 130”膜的显示在图2、3中的筛分特性。图4出描述了相应于“Polyflus 130”膜原排斥统计值的曲线。
图5描述了现有技术中“F80”膜(对麦芽糖糊精)的筛分和排斥曲线。
实施例5
本实施例研究自然条件下本发明的乙酸纤维素膜的洗涤特性,表4中的数据是使用所述纤维制成的血液透析器用常规方法获得的。
表4
KuF*在自然条件下洗涤(cm/mim) KuF*
尿 肌酸肝 脲酸 磷酸盐
50.0 182 150 155 147 16.9
233 182 195 184
289 220 223 195
*单位:mL/hr/mmHg/m2
Claims (18)
1、一种半透膜,包含:
形成具有腔室直径约175-210μm、壁厚约10-35μm的中空纤维的亲水性聚合材料,所述膜的超虑系数(KuF)约15-55mL/hr/mmHg/m2,对尿的传质系数(Kov(尿))至少为38×10-3cm/mim,[Kov(尿)]/KuF至少为2.5×10-3。
2、根据权利要求1的膜,对分子量约15000-20000道尔顿的麦芽糖糊精的筛分统计值至少是0.1。
3、根据权利要求2的膜,对分子量大于20000道尔顿的麦芽糖糊精的筛分统计值低于0.1。
4、根据权利要求1的膜,对分子量为10000-60000道尔顿的溶质,
([Kov(尿)][S(mw)])/(KuF) ≥0.17×10-3
其中S(mw)作为溶质分子量的函数,是膜的筛分系数。
5、根据权利要求1的膜,其用在血液透析器中。
6、根据权利要求1的膜,其包含有乙酸纤维素。
7、一种制备用来纯化含水生物流体的中空纤维半透膜的方法,该方法包括:
(a)提供一熔融液体,它包含约32-40%W/W的乙酸纤维素,约5-10%W/W的甘油,和约50-63%W/W的聚乙二醇;
(b)通过一个环形喷丝头挤出步骤(a)的熔融体产生热的中空纤维;
(c)冷却步骤(b)的热中空纤维;
(d)将步骤(c)的冷中空纤维与水在浸沥温度为约70-85℃下接触,从纤维中浸出甘油和聚乙二醇。
8、根据权利要求7所述的方法,包括在步骤(b)后,轴向拉伸纤维以增加长度,但不超过20%的步骤。
9、根据权利要求7所述的方法,包括在步骤(d)后,使纤维增塑。
10、根据权利要求9所述的方法,所述纤维增塑步骤包括使纤维与甘油水溶液接触。
11、一种含有如权利要求1所述的中空纤维的血液透析器。
12、一种制备用来纯化含水生物液体的中空纤维半透膜的方法,包括:
(a)提供一种基本由约32-40%W/W的不形成血栓、无毒、热塑性、亲水的有熔化温度的聚合材料;约5-10%W/W的聚合材料的易与水混合的非溶剂;和约50-63%W/W聚合材料的易于水混合的溶剂组成的混合物,非溶剂和溶剂在聚合材料的熔化温度下是液体;
(b)将步骤(a)的混合物加热至高于聚合材料的熔化温度之上,在混合物加热时,将该混合物混合均匀;
(c)挤出步骤(b)的热液体产生热的中空纤维;
(d)冷却步骤(c)的热中空纤维;
(e)在低于聚合材料熔化温度以下的浸沥温度下,将冷中空纤维与水接触,浸沥温度足以从纤维中浸出溶剂和非溶剂。
13、根据权利要求12所述的方法,所述聚合材料是乙酸纤维素。
14、根据权利要求13所述的方法,在步骤(b)中混合物加热至约165-180℃。
15、根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中溶剂是甘油,非溶剂是分子量约150-600道尔顿的聚乙二醇。
16、一种制备用来纯化含水生物液体的中空纤维半透膜的方法,包括:
(a)提供含有约32-40%W/W乙酸纤维素、约5-10%W/W甘油,约50-63%W/W的分子量约150-600道尔顿的聚乙二醇的基本均匀的混合物,该第一熔融体的温度为约165-180℃;
(b)在所述温度下挤出第一熔融体,破碎并冷却第一熔融体,形成颗粒化合材料;
(c)加热颗粒化合材料至温度约165-180℃,形成第二熔融体,在所述温度下通过环形喷丝头挤出第二熔融体生产中空纤维,这种纤维具有其原始长度;
(d)当通过环形喷丝头挤出热中空纤维时,冷却该热中空纤维以便于在纤维中乙酸纤维素与聚乙二醇和甘油热诱导相分离;
(e)当冷却热中空纤维时,轴向拉伸中空纤维以增加长度,但相对于原始长度不超过约20%,这也利于乙酸纤维素从聚乙二醇和甘油热诱导相分离;
(f)在约70-85℃的浸沥温度下,使步骤(e)的冷中空纤维与水接触,从乙酸纤维素中浸沥出甘油和聚乙二醇;
(g)将纤维与含约30-40%W/W甘油的甘油水溶液接触以使步骤(f)的中空纤维再增塑;
(h)当纤维与大气处于平衡时,从步骤(g)的纤维中去除水以使得与纤维比较甘油浓度为约45-50%W/W,水的浓度为约15-18%W/W。
17、根据权利要求16所述的方法,在步骤(h)中,在约70-80℃的空气中干燥纤维以从纤维中除去水。
18、根据权利要求16所述的方法,通过轴向拉伸步骤(e)中的中空纤维后,该中空纤维的腔室直径为约175-210μm,壁厚为约10-35μm。
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CN1093018A true CN1093018A (zh) | 1994-10-05 |
CN1041173C CN1041173C (zh) | 1998-12-16 |
Family
ID=25524658
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN93121429A Expired - Fee Related CN1041173C (zh) | 1992-11-16 | 1993-11-16 | 具有增强传递性能的高通量中空纤维膜及其制备方法 |
Country Status (17)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5643452A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0598690B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3392141B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100224115B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1041173C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE168902T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU672856B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9307461A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2149418C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69320000T2 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK0598690T3 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2121980T3 (zh) |
PL (1) | PL173020B1 (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2108144C1 (zh) |
SG (1) | SG47875A1 (zh) |
UA (1) | UA29462C2 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1994011095A1 (zh) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103111190A (zh) * | 2013-03-05 | 2013-05-22 | 天津工业大学 | 一种熔融挤出法制备中空纤维膜的方法 |
CN103237594A (zh) * | 2010-12-01 | 2013-08-07 | Lg电子株式会社 | 利用纤维素基树脂的水处理用中空纤维膜的制备方法 |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA2202969C (en) * | 1996-04-19 | 2001-07-24 | Shingo Emi | Selectively permeable hollow fiber membrane and process for producing same |
RU2198725C2 (ru) * | 1996-12-31 | 2003-02-20 | Алтин Медикал, Инк. | Сформованные из расплава полисульфоновые полупроницаемые мембраны и способы их получения |
US6218441B1 (en) | 1997-09-18 | 2001-04-17 | Timothy B. Meluch | Melt-spun polysulfone semipermeable membranes and methods for making the same |
US7144505B2 (en) | 1997-09-18 | 2006-12-05 | Baxter International Inc. | Melt-spun polysulfone semipermeable membranes and methods for making the same |
FR2815886B1 (fr) * | 2000-10-30 | 2002-12-06 | Hospal Ind | Faisceau de fibres creuses pour un appareil pour le traitement extracorporel du sang et du plasma et son procede de fabrication |
US6444435B1 (en) * | 2000-11-30 | 2002-09-03 | Serim Research Corporation | Test strip for determining dialysate composition |
FR2817769B1 (fr) * | 2000-12-08 | 2003-09-12 | Hospal Ind | Appareil pour le traitement extracorporel du sang ou du plasma comprenant une membrane semi-permeable humide et procedes de fabrication |
AUPS046602A0 (en) * | 2002-02-12 | 2002-03-07 | U.S. Filter Wastewater Group, Inc. | Halar membranes |
CN104906971A (zh) * | 2015-05-20 | 2015-09-16 | 苏州市贝克生物科技有限公司 | 一种醋酸纤维素/聚乙二醇血液透析膜及其制备方法 |
JP6699750B2 (ja) | 2016-10-31 | 2020-05-27 | 東洋紡株式会社 | セルロースアセテート系非対称中空糸膜 |
WO2018079808A1 (ja) | 2016-10-31 | 2018-05-03 | 東洋紡株式会社 | セルロースアセテート系中空糸膜 |
CN114588783B (zh) * | 2022-03-21 | 2023-08-01 | 山东水利建设集团有限公司 | 一种泵房多级反冲洗系统 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4276173A (en) * | 1977-07-05 | 1981-06-30 | Cordis Dow Corp. | Cellulose acetate hollow fiber and method for making same |
US4543221A (en) * | 1979-12-17 | 1985-09-24 | Cd Medical, Inc. | Method for making cellulose semipermeable hollow fibers |
CA1272139A (en) * | 1984-11-16 | 1990-07-31 | Shoji Mizutani | Fluid separator, hollow fiber to be used for construction thereof and process for preparation of said hollow fibers |
-
1993
- 1993-11-10 CA CA002149418A patent/CA2149418C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-11-10 BR BR9307461A patent/BR9307461A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-10 UA UA95062758A patent/UA29462C2/uk unknown
- 1993-11-10 RU RU95107703/04A patent/RU2108144C1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-10 AU AU55978/94A patent/AU672856B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1993-11-10 PL PL93308999A patent/PL173020B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-10 KR KR1019950701946A patent/KR100224115B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-10 WO PCT/US1993/010826 patent/WO1994011095A1/en active Application Filing
- 1993-11-10 JP JP51230694A patent/JP3392141B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-11-11 ES ES93850213T patent/ES2121980T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-11 EP EP93850213A patent/EP0598690B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-11-11 SG SG1996004930A patent/SG47875A1/en unknown
- 1993-11-11 DE DE69320000T patent/DE69320000T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-11-11 AT AT93850213T patent/ATE168902T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-11-11 DK DK93850213T patent/DK0598690T3/da active
- 1993-11-16 CN CN93121429A patent/CN1041173C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-10-21 US US08/327,431 patent/US5643452A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1996
- 1996-11-20 US US08/752,871 patent/US5736046A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103237594A (zh) * | 2010-12-01 | 2013-08-07 | Lg电子株式会社 | 利用纤维素基树脂的水处理用中空纤维膜的制备方法 |
CN103111190A (zh) * | 2013-03-05 | 2013-05-22 | 天津工业大学 | 一种熔融挤出法制备中空纤维膜的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR100224115B1 (ko) | 1999-10-15 |
EP0598690B1 (en) | 1998-07-29 |
DE69320000D1 (de) | 1998-09-03 |
JP3392141B2 (ja) | 2003-03-31 |
AU672856B2 (en) | 1996-10-17 |
DE69320000T2 (de) | 1999-04-15 |
PL173020B1 (pl) | 1998-01-30 |
RU95107703A (ru) | 1997-03-20 |
US5643452A (en) | 1997-07-01 |
CA2149418A1 (en) | 1994-05-26 |
CA2149418C (en) | 2002-01-01 |
DK0598690T3 (da) | 1999-04-26 |
AU5597894A (en) | 1994-06-08 |
ATE168902T1 (de) | 1998-08-15 |
SG47875A1 (en) | 1998-04-17 |
ES2121980T3 (es) | 1998-12-16 |
EP0598690A2 (en) | 1994-05-25 |
EP0598690A3 (en) | 1995-02-15 |
PL308999A1 (en) | 1995-09-18 |
KR950704026A (ko) | 1995-11-17 |
US5736046A (en) | 1998-04-07 |
BR9307461A (pt) | 1999-06-01 |
CN1041173C (zh) | 1998-12-16 |
JPH08503413A (ja) | 1996-04-16 |
WO1994011095A1 (en) | 1994-05-26 |
UA29462C2 (uk) | 2000-11-15 |
RU2108144C1 (ru) | 1998-04-10 |
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