CN109275408A - A kind of extremely simplified fertilizing method of beach salination middle-and-low-yielding fields wheat - Google Patents

A kind of extremely simplified fertilizing method of beach salination middle-and-low-yielding fields wheat Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109275408A
CN109275408A CN201811392521.0A CN201811392521A CN109275408A CN 109275408 A CN109275408 A CN 109275408A CN 201811392521 A CN201811392521 A CN 201811392521A CN 109275408 A CN109275408 A CN 109275408A
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China
Prior art keywords
fertilizer
salination
wheat
low
beach
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CN201811392521.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
赵耕毛
刘明
梁婷
孙星
卢俊
朱孔志
缪建
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Jiangsu Golden Agriculture Ltd By Share Ltd
Nanjing Agricultural University
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Jiangsu Golden Agriculture Ltd By Share Ltd
Nanjing Agricultural University
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Priority to CN201811392521.0A priority Critical patent/CN109275408A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/06Coating or dressing seed

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of beach salination middle-and-low-yielding fields wheats extremely to simplify fertilizing method, is ploughed field, broken upturned soil, is harrowed a field, so that soil block diameter is no more than 10cm, carries out preparation before sowing;The disposable organic fertilizer that applies is as base fertilizer;Rotary tillage, depth are not less than 15cm;It is disposable to apply slow-release or control-release fertilizer;Endophyte root fertilizer is carried out seed dressing with wheat seed to mix, enters field for disposable kind after drying in the shade.The present invention extremely simplifies fertilizing method and is suitable for salination middle-and-low-yielding fields (mean salt amount 3.0g/kg or more), and after this method, wheat yield reaches 426kg/ mus, averagely increases production 10% or more compared with conventional fertilizer application;Meanwhile fertilising recruitment 2~3 times is saved, there is apparent economic and social benefit.

Description

A kind of extremely simplified fertilizing method of beach salination middle-and-low-yielding fields wheat
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of beach salination middle-and-low-yielding fields wheats extremely to simplify fertilizing method, belongs to wheat growing technique neck Domain.
Background technique
Beach salination middle-and-low-yielding fields are serious to make due to soil salt is high, soil nutrient is barren, the transformation time is short etc. About the continuing to increase of grain yield.Wherein, the soil salt seasonality accumulation of salt in the surface soil and leaching loss of nutrient are the masters of salinization soil low yield Want reason.There is extensive paragenetic associations in nature, and wherein paragenetic association is combination most conservative on evolving, at this group In conjunction, partner both sides are mutual reciprocity and mutual benefit.In these associations, one group can provide water nutrition for host plant, and important Ground protects the plants from the symbiotic effects of pathogen infected, referred to as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF).Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is by soil Middle nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium etc. are transferred to host plant and are used effectively by symbiosis, at the same can prevent excessive sodium to Root system (exocellular polysaccharide of secretion is in conjunction with sodium ion) transport, to maintain the ionic equilibrium and the flow of water in own cells.Clump branch bacterium Mycorrhiza fungi can increase soil fertility, adjusts plant function, mitigates the functions such as the adverse effect of Soil Salt Stress, cause agricultural Scientific worker's extensive concern.In general, the traditional fertilization mode of wheat planting is inorganic to apply by several times in its different bearing stage Fertilizer.In recent years, the wheat planting rich and influential family in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province area begins trying using slow-release fertilizer.Slow-release fertilizer is a kind of with sustained release function Can coated fertilizer, have the characteristics that dosage is few, utilization rate is high, application is convenient, saving of labor's safety, increasing both production and income and transported extensively For in the production of the cereal crops such as rice and kernel.But wheat growing season one-time use slow-release fertilizer, often cause later period crop de- Therefore fertile phenomenon need to usually apply 3~4 slow-release fertilizers during Wheat Production, there is no realizations to save labor, cost-saving synergistic Purpose.
Summary of the invention
Greatly, often for beach saline land cultivated wheat traditional fertilization dosage, labour puts into the disadvantages of big to the present invention, It is base fertilizer by building organic fertilizer, the seed dressing of mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer and slow-release or control-release fertilizer disposably apply mode, it is quantitative to reach wheat planting Section fertilizer, weight-reducing, the purpose for saving labour, to meet the purpose that coastal medium-and-large-sized agriculture management main body grain efficiently produces.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
A kind of extremely simplified fertilizing method of beach salination middle-and-low-yielding fields wheat, includes the following steps:
Step 1: ploughing field, broken upturned soil, harrowed a field, so that soil block diameter is no more than 10cm, prepares before carrying out sowing Work;
Step 2: organic fertilizer is disposably applied as base fertilizer to step 1 field;
Step 3: rotary tillage, depth are not less than 15cm;
Step 4: the field good to step 3 rotary tillage disposably applies slow-release or control-release fertilizer;
Step 5: carrying out seed dressing with wheat seed for endophyte root fertilizer and mix, and enters field for disposable kind after drying in the shade.
Wherein, the mean salt amount of the salination middle-and-low-yielding fields is 3.0g/kg or more.
Preferably, in step 2, the organic manure application rate is 1 ton/mu, and organic fertilizer preferably uses doctor's Yan organic fertilizer, To improve soil, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, increase yield and improve quality.
Preferably, in step 4, the slow-release or control-release fertilizer is customized according to soil measurement formula, by living quotient's fertilizer (Qingdao) Co., Ltd Production, amount of application is disposably applied according to 20kg purity nitrogen per acre, so that npk nutrient ratio is in 15:8~10:4~6 in soil Between, to be suitble to wheat growth.Slow-release or control-release fertilizer one-time use technology reduces fertilizer application frequency, reduces production cost;Slow-release or control-release fertilizer It discharges at regular time and quantity, influence of the moderate salt to plant growth on salt-soda soil can be alleviated, and utilization rate of fertilizer can reach 70%, the usage amount of chemical fertilizer is greatly reduced, meets the weight-reducing policy criteria of country's promotion.
Preferably, in step 5, the endophyte root fertilizer is emerald green capital member board endo-mycorrhiza microbial inoculum, by Nanjing kingfisher capital member biology Science and Technology Ltd.'s production;Wherein, the mould effective brood body number >=70/ml of Gen Neigen sporangiocyst in endophyte root fertilizer.The interior life The dosage of mycorhiza fertilizer is 2~2.5kg/ mus, first soluble in water according to mass volume ratio 200g/L, then mixed with wheat seed seed dressing It closes.Salt-soda soil phosphorus element content is low and is fixed, and endophyte root fertilizer can will be fixed P elements and release, and improves phosphorus and utilizes Rate, and root growth is stimulated, so that well developed root system, biomass increases, and improves crop anti-adversity;In addition, in straw-returning, Endophyte root fertilizer is conducive to the decomposition of stalk, achievees the purpose that make full use of carbon source.
Preferably, 13~15 kgs/acre of the wheat seed application rate, bud rate is 85% or more.It is mixed with using seed dressing Conducive to the adhesiveness improved between bacterium and seed, facilitate neutron absorption, is conducive to advance germination.
It further, further include step 6: chemical weed control, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
The utility model has the advantages that
1, present invention building organic fertilizer is base fertilizer, and the seed dressing of mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer and sustained release inorganic fertilizer combination technique mode are (extremely simple Change technology), it is used for salt-soda soil Wheat Production, it is green, environmentally friendly and without secondary pollution;
2, the extremely simplified fertilizing method of the present invention has disposable feature before wheat cultivation, can save wheat routine Fertilizer application amount 40%;The mycorrhizal fungi fertilizer of investment, at low cost, suit large area to popularize application.
3, the present invention extremely simplifies fertilizing method and is suitable for salination middle-and-low-yielding fields (mean salt amount 3.0g/kg or more), adopts After this method, wheat yield reaches 426kg/ mus, averagely increases production 10% or more compared with conventional fertilizer application;Meanwhile saving fertilising recruitment 2~3 It is secondary, there is apparent economic and social benefit.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is done with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description and is further illustrated, of the invention is above-mentioned And/or otherwise advantage will become apparent.
Fig. 1 is wheat aging time plant height and biomass.
Specific embodiment
According to following embodiments, the present invention may be better understood.
1, test material and method
For secrecy test site in the area Yancheng City great Feng Road port reclamation area, mean salt amount is 3.5g/kg or so.Test period For 2017-2018.Test sets 5 processing, and do not apply fertilizer respectively (CK), conventional fertilizer application (N), organic fertilizer+disposable slow controlled release Fertile (S), organic fertilizer+disposable endophyte root fertilizer (E), organic fertilizer+disposable slow-release or control-release fertilizer+endophyte root fertilizer (S+E).Every cell Area is 30m2.Organic fertilizer selects doctor's Yan organic fertilizer, applies by the dosage of 1 ton/mu;Slow-release or control-release fertilizer is fixed according to soil measurement formula System, slow-release or control-release fertilizer nutrients ratio are N:P2O5:K2O=15:10:5;Endophyte root fertilizer is pulvis, the mould effective breeding of Gen Neigen sporangiocyst Body number >=70/ml.Wheat breed is peaceful wheat 13, and application rate presses 14kg/ mus, and bud, which is tried hard to keep, demonstrate,proves 85% or more, every cell 0.63kg. Specific processing fertilising situation is as follows:
CK: it does not apply fertilizer.
N: conventional fertilizer application: experimental plot base manure applies 0.675kg (15kg/ mus) (15kg/ mus) of monoammonium phosphate+0.675kg urine Element, each cell of dressing of turnning green stage apply 0.45kg urea, and each cell of jointing booting fertilizer applies urea 0.45kg+ compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 0.675kg.
S: organic fertilizer+disposable slow-release or control-release fertilizer: organic fertilizer is applied by the dosage of 1 ton/mu, and slow-release or control-release fertilizer is according to 20kg per acre Purity nitrogen, each cell Base-appling once 3.71kg (82.49kg/ mus).
E: organic fertilizer+disposable endophyte root fertilizer: organic fertilizer is applied by the dosage of 1 ton/mu, and endophyte root fertilizer is according to per acre 2kg, each cell Base-appling once 0.09kg (in the form of seed dressing).
S+E: organic fertilizer+disposable slow-release or control-release fertilizer+endophyte root fertilizer: organic fertilizer is applied by the dosage of 1 ton/mu, delays controlled release Each cell Base-appling once 3.71kg of fertilizer, disposable endophyte root fertilizer 0.09kg is (in the form of seed dressing, in advance by endophyte and kind Son is mixed, and the 8h that dries in the shade is spare, first applies slow-release or control-release fertilizer, then sow).
2, the techniques of pest control
On November 13rd, 2017, Wheat Sowing finish progress field closing in latter 3-4 days, mu 50% pretilachlor 100ml, 5% Clodinafop-propargyl 60ml;On 2 27th, 2018, field weeding and control were prosperous, mu 20% fluroxypyr 60ml, 5% pair of fluorine sulphur grass Amine 25ml, the fertile shield phosphorus potassium 50g in blade face, wide surprise (cycocel) 50g;On March 28th, 2018, the prevention and treatment of aphid and banded sclerotial blight, mu With 20% thifluzamide hexaconazole 30g, the fertile shield phosphorus potassium 50g in blade face, wide surprise (cycocel) 50g;On April 3rd, 2018, white powder Disease prevention and treatment, 43% Tebuconazole 25ml of mu;On April 16th, 2018, controlling powdery mildew, 45% penta azoles Prochloraz 20g, leaf of mu Leaven beauty protects phosphorus potassium 50g;On April 25th, 2018, wheat aphid and controlling powdery mildew, 40% penta azoles carbendazim 30g, leaf of mu Leaven beauty protects phosphorus potassium 50g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 40g and insect-catching bird 50g;On April 27th, 2018 head blight and prevention and control of aphids, mu uses 30% Fluoxastrobin 20g, 15% thiophene worm time 20g;On May 4th, 2018 carries out second of head blight prevention and treatment to wheat, and mu is used 25% 2-cyano-3-amino-3-phenylancryic acetate 80g and 43% Tebuconazole 25ml;May 24 field weeding, mu diquat dibromide 100ml.
3, it investigates and records
During test, wheat growth and harvesting indexes, including plant height, biomass, yield forming, plant NPK, soil are measured Physicochemical property etc..
(1) measuring method of plant height: field measures the representational wheat stem in 10 caves at random, the length of point from ground to fringe Degree, does not include awn length.
(2) biomass: respectively in the seedling stage of wheat, period of seedling establishment, jointing stage, heading stage and maturity period, 10 caves is continuously taken to have Representative wheat plant all sites, the dry matter weight that drying weighing obtains.
(3) yield forming: mu number of productive ear, grain number per spike, setting percentage and mass of 1000 kernel.
4, analysis test method
It tests testing index and uses conventional agriculture chemical analysis method, specifically include:
(1) spike length: wheat spike length be influence wheat yield a key factor and wheat breeding, species test, survey produce in One of the important parameter that breeding expert is concerned about the most.Its measurement method is to measure panicle neck to fringe with ruler or other measuring tools Push up the length of (not including awn length).
(2) spikelet number: what is symmetrically grown above a wheat head is exactly spikelet number.Measurement method is manually to count an entire wheat The spikelet number of fringe.
(3) grain number per spike: being total grain number of an entire wheatear.Measurement method is all to strip down the seed of wheatear wound Artificial number.
(4) mass of 1000 kernel: the weight of 1,000 seeds of wheat.Measurement method: it is randomly selected in each cell a certain number of Seed is peeled and counts 1,000 weighings by wheatear.
(5) actual production: the actual weight of wheat kernel after every cell harvest.
(6) plant height: wheat base portion (i.e. at tillering node) is measured to the length of top blade tip with meter ruler or other measuring tools.
(7) biomass: every cell randomly selects the wheat (whole strain) of identical quantity, and cleans to its impurity elimination and be put into envelope, 60 degree of the baking oven weighings that dry to constant weight.
5, partial results
Table 1 is the yield forming of wheat, it can be seen that: extremely simplify fertilization mode (S+E), i.e., one-time use is organic Fertilizer, slow-release fertilizer and the seed dressing of endophyte root fertilizer, in fertilizer application amount than conventional fertilizer application under few 40% precondition, the practical seed production of wheat Amount volume increase 11.9%.
Fig. 1 is wheat aging time plant height and biomass, and as can be seen from the figure: extremely simplifying fertilization mode does not make wheat Plant height and biomass are affected, with the no notable difference of conventional fertilizer application processing.
Table 1
Same column difference Superscript letters indicate the significant difference (P < 0.05) between different disposal.
The present invention provides thinkings and method that a kind of beach salination middle-and-low-yielding fields wheat extremely simplifies fertilizing method, specifically Realize that there are many method and the approach of the technical solution, the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for For those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, can also make it is several improvement and Retouching, these modifications and embellishments should also be considered as the scope of protection of the present invention.Each component part being not known in the present embodiment It is realized with the prior art.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of beach salination middle-and-low-yielding fields wheat extremely simplifies fertilizing method, which comprises the steps of:
Step 1: field is ploughed, broken upturned soil, is harrowed a field, so that soil block diameter is no more than 10cm, carries out beam worker before sowing Make;
Step 2: organic fertilizer is disposably applied as base fertilizer to step 1 field;
Step 3: rotary tillage, depth are not less than 15cm;
Step 4: the field good to step 3 rotary tillage disposably applies slow-release or control-release fertilizer;
Step 5: carrying out seed dressing with wheat seed for endophyte root fertilizer and mix, and enters field for disposable kind after drying in the shade.
2. beach salination middle-and-low-yielding fields wheat according to claim 1 extremely simplifies fertilizing method, which is characterized in that described The mean salt amount of salination middle-and-low-yielding fields is 3.0g/kg or more.
3. beach salination middle-and-low-yielding fields wheat according to claim 1 extremely simplifies fertilizing method, which is characterized in that step In two, the organic manure application rate is 1 ton/mu.
4. beach salination middle-and-low-yielding fields wheat according to claim 1 extremely simplifies fertilizing method, which is characterized in that step In four, the slow-release or control-release fertilizer is produced by living quotient's fertilizer (Qingdao) Co., Ltd, is added according to soil measurement formula, so that nitrogen phosphorus in soil Between 15:8~10:4~6, slow-release or control-release fertilizer amount of application disposably applies potassium nutrition ratio according to 20kg purity nitrogen per acre.
5. beach salination middle-and-low-yielding fields wheat according to claim 1 extremely simplifies fertilizing method, which is characterized in that step In five, the endophyte root fertilizer is emerald green capital member board endo-mycorrhiza microbial inoculum, is produced by Nanjing Cui Jingyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd;Its In, the mould effective brood body number >=70/ml of Gen Neigen sporangiocyst in endophyte root fertilizer.
6. beach salination middle-and-low-yielding fields wheat according to claim 5 extremely simplifies fertilizing method, which is characterized in that described The dosage of endophyte root fertilizer is 2~2.5kg/ mus, first soluble in water according to mass volume ratio 200g/L, is then mixed with wheat seed Kind mixing.
7. beach salination middle-and-low-yielding fields wheat according to claim 6 extremely simplifies fertilizing method, which is characterized in that described 13~15 kgs/acre of wheat seed application rate, bud rate is 85% or more.
8. beach salination middle-and-low-yielding fields wheat according to claim 1 extremely simplifies fertilizing method, which is characterized in that also wrap Include step 6: chemical weed control, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control.
CN201811392521.0A 2018-11-21 2018-11-21 A kind of extremely simplified fertilizing method of beach salination middle-and-low-yielding fields wheat Pending CN109275408A (en)

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