CN109267061B - 一种tzm合金薄板表面硅化物涂层的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于难熔金属的再制造技术领域,具体涉及一种TZM合金薄板表面硅化物涂层的制备方法。在TZM合金薄板表面溅射10~20μm厚度的纯Al元素层,然后通过激光扫描将TZM合金薄板、纯Al元素层、MoSi2粉末涂层结合起来,得到力学性能优良、且与TZM合金薄板结合良好的硅化物涂层。有益效果:本发明中溅射的纯Al元素层在TZM合金和MoSi2涂层界面间偏聚,可以改善TZM合金薄板和MoSi2涂层之间的结合力,减少MoSi2涂层的剥落;另一方面,采用较低的激光功率1.0~1.5kW在TZM合金薄板上熔覆制备MoSi2合金涂层,可避免对基体TZM合金的大量溶解,改善MoSi2涂层的综合性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及难熔金属的再制造技术领域,具体为一种TZM合金薄板表面硅化物涂层的制备方法。
背景技术
TZM是一种典型的钼基合金,其熔点高、热膨胀系数小、强度大、弹性模量高、导电和导热性好、抗蚀性强以及高温力学性能好,在军事工业、航天技术和能源设备领域已经有广泛的的应用。但是,TZM合金的高温抗氧化能力不佳,影响了在高温条件下的长期有效使用。
目前提高TZM合金高温氧化性能的方法是添加硅化钼涂层。MoSi2是一种典型的高温合金热障涂层材料,具有优异的高温抗氧化性能,在高温下发生氧化时可形成致密的非晶态SiO2保护内部金属不被氧化。
然而,MoSi2涂层脆性较大,在使用时易于出现应力与裂纹。由于TZM合金和MoSi2的热膨胀系数有差异,因而涂层结合力不强,在工程使用中常发生涂层脱落现象。因此,改善TZM合金和MoSi2涂层之间的结合具有非常重要的现实意义。
发明内容
为解决现有技术中TZM合金和涂层之间结合力较弱的缺陷,本发明提供一种TZM合金薄板表面硅化物涂层的制备方法。在TZM合金和MoSi2涂层之间溅射纯Al元素层,随后通过激光熔覆工艺使纯Al元素层溶于TZM合金和MoSi2涂层之间的界面处,可有效的改善TZM合金和MoSi2涂层的结合力,从而减少硅化钼涂层的脱落现象。
本发明提供的上述TZM合金薄板表面硅化物涂层的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)对TZM合金薄板进行表面抛光,随后用酒精或丙酮清洗,烘干;
(2)通过磁控溅射在步骤(1)获得的TZM合金薄板上溅射纯Al元素层;
(3)采用行星式球磨机,将含硅合金粉末进行球磨;
(4)运用CO2激光器,将步骤(3)获得的含硅合金粉末通过同步送粉法熔覆在步骤(2)获得的溅射纯Al元素层的TZM合金薄板上,制成表面硅化物涂层。
优选地,步骤(1)所述的TZM合金薄板的厚度为3~5mm。
具体地,步骤(2)所述溅射,为使用高纯氩气作为溅射气体,氩气气流量为25~35sccm,氩气溅射气压为0.15~0.35Pa。
优选地,步骤(2)所述的纯Al元素层的厚度为10~20μm,更优选为10~15μm。
优选地,步骤(3)所述球磨的时间为18~24h,球磨转速为200~300r/min。
具体地,步骤(3)所述合金粉末的成分为按质量百分比由以下Mo 52~63%,Nb6.5~11%,Al 3.5~5.5%组成,余量为Si和各杂质元素,杂质元素的总量小于0.5%。
具体地,所述元素Mo、Nb、Al和Si均以粉末的形式加入,各元素粉末纯度大于99.5%,颗粒直径小于4.5μm。
具体地,步骤(4)中所述送粉法,具体为送粉速度4~8g/min,氩气流量5~9L/min,激光功率1.0~1.5kW,更优选为1.0~1.2kW,激光搭接率为40~60%,扫描速度6~10mm/s。
有益效果:
(1)本发明在TZM合金薄板中溅射纯Al薄层,随后通过激光扫描将TZM合金薄板、纯Al元素层和MoSi2涂层结合在一起,可以改善MoSi2涂层的力学性能,提高TZM合金和MoSi2涂层之间的结合强度。
(2)采用激光熔覆技术工艺在溅射纯Al元素层的TZM合金薄板上制备MoSi2涂层,可以通过激光工艺参数的控制溶解先前溅射的纯Al元素层,并避免对基体TZM合金的大量溶解。
(3)Al、Nb元素的添加,会对MoSi2涂层产生合金化作用,可以改善MoSi2涂层的综合性能。
Al元素作为MoSi2合金的常见合金化元素,在TZM合金和MoSi2涂层的界面处偏聚能够发挥其界面元素效应,可在一定程度上改善TZM合金和MoSi2涂层的界面结合强度。但由于Al元素与TZM合金和MoSi2涂层的线膨胀系数和机械模量等都有较大的差异,因而纯Al元素层厚度不宜太大,10~20μm厚度即可,否则易导致涂层在该层处发生破坏。传统预置粉末工艺显然会导致纯Al元素层厚度过大,所以采用相对先进的磁控溅射方法能够较好的实现纯Al元素层的厚度控制。
随后采用激光熔覆技术工艺在溅射纯Al元素层的TZM合金薄板上制备MoSi2涂层。激光熔覆技术具有稀释度小、组织致密、涂层与基体结合好等特点,可以通过激光工艺参数的控制溶解先前溅射的纯Al元素层,并避免对基体TZM合金的大量溶解。考虑到TZM合金为薄板,激光熔覆时应选用相对较小的激光功率,激光功率为1.0~1.5kW。
在激光熔覆MoSi2涂层时,选用合金化的硅化物粉末,涂层中应包含溅射层的Al元素,以保证溅射层在MoSi2涂层中的溶解。Al在MoSi2晶格中主要占据Si原子亚点阵位置,随着Al元素含量的增加,将导致MoSi2涂层中Mo-Si之间的共价键减少,金属键增加,可以提高涂层的塑性和韧性,从而降低涂层在使用过程中的应力集中和开裂倾向。除此之外,Al元素还可以提高MoSi2涂层的抗氧化性能,在涂层表面可形成Al2O3保护层,这有助于消除MoSi2涂层的“Pesting”现象。Nb元素则可以改善MoSi2涂层的高温性能和韧性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备的TZM合金薄板表面硅化物涂层横截面的金相组织图。
具体实施方式
对比例1:首先将对厚度为4mm的TZM合金薄板进行表面抛光,用酒精清洗并烘干。将质量百分比组成为Mo 52%,Nb 11%,Al 4.5%,余量为Si的合金粉末进行球磨,球磨时间为22h,转速为250r/min;运用CO2激光器,将合金粉末通过同步送粉法熔覆在TZM合金薄板上,送粉速度6g/min,氩气流量7L/min,激光功率1.2kW,扫描速度10mm/s。经实验测得基体与涂层的结合强度为6.1MPa。
实施例1:首先将对厚度为4mm的TZM合金薄板进行表面抛光,用酒精清洗并烘干,随后通过磁控溅射钼合金上溅射15μm厚度的纯Al元素层。将质量百分比组成为Mo 52%,Nb11%,Al 4.5%,余量为Si的合金粉末进行球磨,球磨时间为22h,转速为250r/min;运用CO2激光器,将合金粉末通过同步送粉法熔覆在溅射纯Al元素层的TZM合金薄板上,送粉速度6g/min,氩气流量7L/min,激光功率1.2kW,扫描速度10mm/s。
经实验测得基体与涂层的结合强度为7.8MPa,与对比例1相比,在相同激光工艺参数下,基体与涂层的结合强度有明显提高。图1为本发明制得TZM合金薄板表面硅化物涂层横截面的金相组织,从图中可以看出激光熔覆制备的硅化物涂层组织均匀致密,且与TZM合金基体结合良好。
实施例2:首先将对厚度为3mm的TZM合金薄板进行表面抛光,随后通过磁控溅射TZM合金上溅射10μm厚度的纯Al元素层。将质量百分比组成为Mo 58%,Nb 8.0%,Al5.5%,余量为Si的合金粉末进行球磨,球磨时间为20h,转速为300r/min;运用CO2激光器,将合金粉末通过同步送粉法熔覆在溅射纯Al元素层的TZM合金薄板上,送粉速度6g/min,氩气流量7L/min,激光功率1.0kW,扫描速度6mm/s。经实验测得基体与涂层的结合强度为8.1MPa。
实施例3:首先将对厚度为3mm的TZM合金薄板进行表面抛光,随后通过磁控溅射TZM合金上溅射10μm厚度的纯Al元素层。将质量百分比组成为Mo 63%,Nb 6.5%,Al3.5%,余量为Si的合金粉末进行长时间球磨,球磨时间为20h,转速为300r/min;运用CO2激光器,将合金粉末通过同步送粉法熔覆在溅射纯Al元素层的TZM合金薄板上,送粉速度6g/min,氩气流量7L/min,激光功率1.2kW,扫描速度10mm/s。经实验测得基体与涂层的结合强度为7.7MPa。
Claims (7)
1.一种TZM合金薄板表面硅化物涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)对TZM合金薄板进行表面抛光,并清洗、烘干;
(2)通过磁控溅射在步骤(1)获得的TZM合金薄板上溅射纯Al元素层;
(3)将含硅合金粉末进行球磨;
(4)运用CO2激光器,将步骤(3)获得的含硅合金粉末通过同步送粉法熔覆在步骤(2)获得的溅射纯Al元素层的TZM合金薄板上,制成表面硅化物涂层;
步骤(1)所述的TZM合金薄板的厚度为3~5mm;
步骤(3)所述含硅合金粉末的成分为按质量百分比由以下Mo52~63%,Nb 6.5~11%,Al 3.5~5.5%组成,余量为Si和各杂质元素,杂质元素的总量小于0.5%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种TZM合金薄板表面硅化物涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述溅射,为使用高纯氩气作为溅射气体,氩气气流量为25~35sccm,氩气溅射气压为0.15~0.35Pa。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种TZM合金薄板表面硅化物涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的纯Al元素层的厚度为10~20μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种TZM合金薄板表面硅化物涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述的纯Al元素层的厚度为10~15μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种TZM合金薄板表面硅化物涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)所述球磨的时间为18~24h,球磨转速为200~300r/min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种TZM合金薄板表面硅化物涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,所述元素Mo、Nb、Al和Si均以粉末的形式加入,各元素粉末纯度大于99.5%,颗粒直径小于4.5μm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种TZM合金薄板表面硅化物涂层的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中所述送粉法,具体为送粉速度4~8g/min,氩气流量5~9L/min,激光功率1.0~1.5kW,激光搭接率为40~60%,扫描速度6~10mm/s。
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