CN109259009A - 一种枸杞汁的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种枸杞汁的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/38—Other non-alcoholic beverages
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
- B67C—CLEANING, FILLING WITH LIQUIDS OR SEMILIQUIDS, OR EMPTYING, OF BOTTLES, JARS, CANS, CASKS, BARRELS, OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; FUNNELS
- B67C3/00—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus; Filling casks or barrels with liquids or semiliquids
- B67C3/02—Bottling liquids or semiliquids; Filling jars or cans with liquids or semiliquids using bottling or like apparatus
- B67C3/22—Details
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Non-Alcoholic Beverages (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及食品加工领域,具体涉及一种枸杞汁的制备方法,包括以下步骤:以新鲜枸杞为原料,经过洗涤、灭菌后,同时进行冷破碎和超声处理,浆液减压离心后,真空灌装即可得到口感细腻的枸杞汁。采用此方法制备枸杞汁比传统的工艺时间短,且出汁率高,生产出的枸杞汁色泽和鲜果几乎无差别,营养成分保存完好。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品加工领域,具体涉及一种枸杞汁的制备方法。
背景技术
枸杞为人们对商品枸杞子、植物宁夏枸杞、中华枸杞等枸杞属下物种的统称。人们日常食用和药用的枸杞子多为宁夏枸杞的果实“枸杞子”,而且宁夏枸杞是唯一载入2015年版《中国药典》的品种,与琼珍灵芝、长白山人参,东阿阿胶并称为中药四宝。枸杞主要分布于中国东北、河北、山西、陕西、甘肃南部以及西南、华中、华南和华东各省区,种类也很多,各种使用方法和饮食方式已经普遍应用到了食品领域。
枸杞果实含枸杞多糖,又含甜菜碱(betaine)、阿托品、天仙子胺;另含玉蜀黍黄素(zeaxanthin)、酸浆红素(physalein)、隐黄质(cryptoxanthin)、东莨菪素 (scopoletin)、胡萝卜素、核黄素、烟酸、维生素B1、 B2及C.种子含氨基酸:天冬氨酸、脯氨酸、丙氨酸、亮氨酸等。枸杞的功效主要包括补肾益精,养肝明目,补血安神,生津止渴,润肺止咳。治肝肾阴亏,腰膝酸软,头晕,目眩,目昏多泪,虚劳咳嗽,消渴,遗精。枸杞具有一定的补益、保健功能,适合不同年龄、不同人群,因此,枸杞已经被人们普遍食用,采用多种加工手段对枸杞加工,如果汁、果肉及果酱等多种形态,并应用在各种食品当中,例如枸杞汁饮料、枸杞酒等。枸杞还可以直接食用或加入到药材当中等等。
目前,枸杞汁在食品加工领域中,应用非常广泛,现如今,市面上也有各种枸杞饮料售卖,枸杞汁的加工方法主要有直接压榨、酶发酵操作技术,这些技术制备的枸杞汁并不能充分利用枸杞的主要成分,枸杞出汁率不高,还存在果肉颗粒,影响食品加工,且用酶处理,或添加了稳定剂等,可能会破坏枸杞原有的营养成分及影响口感。
由于枸杞果实存在细胞壁、细胞间质中的纤维素、半纤维素、果胶质等多种致密结构,而枸杞中的多糖、氨基酸、维生素C、黄酮等有效营养成分都被包裹其中,加热的方法容易破坏上述营养成分,导致有效营养成分获得率明显降低,直接压榨对上述致密结构破坏有限,营养成分同样难以有效获取,采用生物酶解法,可能需要用到多种生物酶纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、果胶酶才能有效降解上述结构,但该方法成本高,制备工艺不易控制,而且降解后的产物并非目标营养成分, 影响枸杞汁的原有风味。
虽然目前有相关报道在微藻类中采用冷冻破碎法来提取有效成分的报道,但是目前并无枸杞果冷冻破碎获取新鲜枸杞汁的报道,而且枸杞果和微藻类的细胞壁结构以及主要成分都存在很大的不同。如何使有效破除上述枸杞果的致密结构,是目前技术所缺乏的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种新型的枸杞汁的制备方法,具体采用同时进行冷破碎和超声处理,再结合减压离心和真空灌装的技术手段对枸杞进行加工,整个系统避免与空气接触,其制备时间相比于单独超声或冷破碎或传统工艺时间要短,且出汁率高,枸杞汁的色泽和鲜果几乎一致,其营养成分含量高,成分保存完好,无任何添加剂,100%纯枸杞汁,口感细腻,可以应用到各类食品的深加工当中,也可以直接饮用。
一种枸杞汁的制备方法,其特征之处在于,包括以下步骤:以新鲜枸杞为原料,经过洗涤、灭菌后,同时进行冷冻破碎和超声处理,浆液减压离心后,真空灌装即可得到口感细腻的枸杞汁。
进一步,包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗并筛选颗粒饱满的新鲜枸杞,用水果洗涤剂进行喷雾灭菌;
(2)将步骤(1)中的枸杞同时进行冷破碎和超声处理后;
(3)常温下浆液离心处理,收集上清液和枸杞渣;
(4)将上述枸杞渣再冷冻破碎;
(5)将步骤(4)所得浆液在常温下离心处理,收集上清液;
(6)将步骤(3)和(5)的上清液果汁进行真空灌装
步骤(2)中冷冻破碎温度为-20-0℃,超声波频率为800-2000kHz,时间为10-15min,优选冷冻破碎温度为-15~-10℃。
步骤(3)的离心转数为800-2000r/min,操作压力为0.01Mpa-0.05Mpa,时间为2-5min。
步骤(4)的冷冻破碎温度为-5~0℃。
本发明提供的枸杞汁采用新鲜枸杞为原料,在制备工艺中尽最大的限度保留枸杞的有效成分,整个系统均在减压或真空条件下操作,避免氧化,使枸杞的的维生素和多酚类物质的含量有效的得到了保留,对人体的有益的各类物质不被破坏,并充分的保留在枸杞汁中。本发明的制备方法主要是同时进行冷破碎和超声处理,再结合减压离心和真空灌装的技术手段对枸杞进行加工,其制备时间相比于单独超声或冷破碎或传统的工艺时间要短,且出汁率高,无任何添加剂,100%纯枸杞汁。
具体实施方式:
本实施例是对权利要求书的进一步说明,并不对是对其技术方案的限制。
实施例1:将采摘的枸杞鲜果进行清洗,将清洗后的鲜果装在传送机上,用水果洗涤剂对鲜果进行喷雾灭菌,再将鲜果传送至冷破碎机中进行破碎,温度设为-20℃,同时将超声棒插入冷破碎机中,选择超声波强度为800kHZ,时间为10min,将浆液输送至减压离心机中,操作压力为0.01Mpa,转数为800r/min,离心时间为2min,在常温下浆液离心处理,收集上清液和枸杞渣,将上述枸杞渣再0℃下冷冻破碎,再将上述浆液在常温下离心处理,合并两次上清液进行真空装罐,即可得到枸杞汁。
实施例2:将采摘的枸杞鲜果进行清洗,将清洗后的鲜果装在传送机上,用水果洗涤剂对鲜果进行喷雾灭菌,再将鲜果传送至冷破碎机中进行破碎,温度设为0℃,同时将超声棒插入冷破碎机中,选择超声波强度为1000kHz,时间为12min,将浆液输送至减压离心机中,操作压力为0.03Mpa,转数为1000r/min,离心时间为3min,在常温下浆液离心处理,收集上清液和枸杞渣,将上述枸杞渣再0℃下冷冻破碎,再将上述浆液在常温下离心处理,合并两次上清液进行真空装罐,即可得到枸杞汁。
实施例3:将采摘的枸杞鲜果进行清洗,将清洗后的鲜果装在传送机上,用水果洗涤剂对鲜果进行喷雾灭菌,再将鲜果传送至冷破碎机中进行破碎,温度设为-15℃,同时将超声棒插入冷破碎机中,选择超声波强度为1400kHZ,时间为15min,将浆液输送至减压离心机中,操作压力为0.05Mpa,转数为2000r/min,离心时间为5min,在常温下浆液离心处理,收集上清液和枸杞渣,将上述枸杞渣再0℃下冷冻破碎,再将上述浆液在常温下离心处理,合并两次上清液进行真空装罐,即可得到枸杞汁。
实施例4:将采摘的枸杞鲜果进行清洗,将清洗后的鲜果装在传送机上,用水果洗涤剂对鲜果进行喷雾灭菌,再将鲜果传送至冷破碎机中进行破碎,温度设为-10℃,同时将超声棒插入冷破碎机中,选择超声波强度为2000kHZ,时间为12min,将浆液输送至减压离心机中,操作压力为0.05Mpa,转数为1600r/min,离心时间为2min,在常温下浆液离心处理,收集上清液和枸杞渣,将上述枸杞渣再0℃下冷冻破碎,再将上述浆液在常温下离心处理,合并两次上清液进行真空装罐,即可得到枸杞汁。
实施例5:将采摘的枸杞鲜果进行清洗,将清洗后的鲜果装在传送机上,用水果洗涤剂对鲜果进行喷雾灭菌,再将鲜果传送至冷破碎机中进行破碎,温度设为-10℃,同时将超声棒插入冷破碎机中,选择超声波强度为1200kHZ,时间为10min,将浆液输送至减压离心机中,操作压力为0.01Mpa,转数为1000r/min,离心时间为5min,在常温下浆液离心处理,收集上清液和枸杞渣,将上述枸杞渣再-5℃下冷冻破碎,再将上述浆液在常温下离心处理,合并两次上清液进行真空装罐,即可得到枸杞汁。
实施例6:将采摘的枸杞鲜果进行清洗,将清洗后的鲜果装在传送机上,用水果洗涤剂对鲜果进行喷雾灭菌,再将鲜果传送至冷破碎机中进行破碎,温度设为-10℃,同时将超声棒插入冷破碎机中,选择超声波强度为1200kHZ,时间为12min,将浆液输送至减压离心机中,操作压力为0.03Mpa,转数为1400r/min,离心时间为3min,在常温下浆液离心处理,收集上清液和枸杞渣,将上述枸杞渣再0℃下冷冻破碎,再将上述浆液在常温下离心处理,合并两次上清液进行真空装罐,即可得到枸杞汁。
对比实施例7:将上述实施例6中不进行超声处理,冷冻破碎后进行减压离心,得到枸杞果汁,其余步骤相同。
对比实施例8:将上述实施例6中不进行冷破碎处理,直接压榨后,超声处理,其余步骤相同。
对比实施例9:将上述实施例6中不进行第二次冷破碎处理,其余步骤相同。
实施例1-8的实验检测数据如下:
从上述检测数据分析,本发明制备的枸杞汁色泽与新鲜枸杞几乎差别,口感细腻,具有枸杞原有的味道,且出汁率高,营养成分保留完好,无任何添加剂,100%纯枸杞汁,且各类物质的含量远远高于只超声或冷破碎处理的情况,这也突出了本制备方法的优越性。
Claims (6)
1.一种枸杞汁的制备方法,其特征在于,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗,并筛选出颗粒饱满的枸杞,灭菌;
(2)将步骤(1)的枸杞同时进行冷冻破碎和超声处理;
(3)常温下浆液离心处理,收集上清液和枸杞渣;
(4)将上述枸杞渣再冷冻破碎;
(5)将步骤(4)所得浆液在常温下离心处理,收集上清液;
(6)将步骤(3)和(5)的上清液果汁进行真空灌装。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种枸杞汁的制备方法,其特征在于:
清洗并筛选颗粒饱满的新鲜枸杞,用水果洗涤剂进行喷雾灭菌;
将步骤(1)中的枸杞同时进行冷破碎和超声处理;
(3)常温下浆液离心处理,收集上清液和枸杞渣;
(4)将上述枸杞渣再冷冻破碎;
(5)将步骤(4)所得浆液在常温下离心处理,收集上清液;
(6)将步骤(3)和(5)的上清液果汁进行真空灌装,即得100%枸杞汁。
3.根据权利要求1-2任意一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)的冷冻破碎温度为-20~0℃,超声波频率为800-2000kHz,时间为10-15min。
4.根据权利要求1-2任意一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)的离心转数为800-2000r/min,操作压力为0.01Mpa-0.05Mpa,时间为2-5min。
5.根据权利要求1-2任意一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)的冷冻破碎温度为-5~0℃。
6.根据权利要求1-2任意一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)的冷冻破碎温度为-15~-10℃。
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