CN109258456B

CN109258456B - Artificial pollination method for Chinese rosa laevigata

Info

Publication number: CN109258456B
Application number: CN201811314527.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 牛元; 徐琼; 王嵛德; 庄建; 代立兰; 赵亚兰
Original assignee: Lanzhou Agricultural Science And Technology Research And Promotion Center
Current assignee: Lanzhou Agricultural Science And Technology Research And Promotion Center
Priority date: 2018-11-06
Filing date: 2018-11-06
Publication date: 2022-04-08
Anticipated expiration: 2038-11-06
Also published as: CN109258456A

Abstract

The invention provides a method for artificial pollination of China quassia roses, which mainly comprises the following steps: (1) collecting flower buds: selecting plants of rose varieties with excellent characters as male parents, selecting plants of the bitter rose as female parents, and picking up the whole flowers of the male parents; (2) drying and storing anthers: opening the picked flower buds of the male parents, and taking off fresh anthers; (3) pollen collection: collecting pollen after pollen on the anther naturally looses; (4) pollination: dipping a small amount of pollen of the male parent when the female parent buds are about to bloom, and smearing the pollen on the column heads of the female parent buds; (5) bagging: sleeving the pollination bag on the flowers of the female parent after pollination and sealing; (6) removing the bag: after waiting for a period of time, the pollination bag is taken down. The invention provides a castration-free artificial hybridization pollination method using the bitter rose as a female parent aiming at the research discovery of the self-incompatibility of the bitter rose, and the method has the advantages of simple operation, time and labor saving and high breeding success rate.

Description

Artificial pollination method for Chinese rosa laevigata

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant crossbreeding, and relates to a method for artificial pollination of Chinese rosa laevigata.

Background

Roses are deciduous shrubs of Rosa (Rosa rugosa) of Rosa (Rosaceae), and have large-area cultivation in areas such as bitter water in Gansu, Pingyin Shandong, Liaoning, Yunnan and Xinjiang in China, and roses and byproducts such as essential oil thereof have valuable values in the aspects of appreciation, medicine, eating, daily use and the like. The main cultivated varieties of the current roses in China are 'heavy-petal roses' and 'bitter-water roses'. "Kushui rose" (a bitter rose)R.sertata X R.rugosa Yu. Et.Ku.) Is a natural hybrid of rose and rosa canina, is originally propagated and popularized in a bitter town of Yongdeng county in Gansu province and is named by the name of land. At present, the cultivation history is over 200 years, the local cultivation area reaches 18 ten thousand mu, and the picrasma rose industry becomes the local characteristic industry.

For a long time, the breeding of the rosa amara is mainly based on the vegetative propagation technology, including the division and layering propagation, and the cutting propagation technology which is technically broken through in recent years. However, long-term asexual propagation causes the resistance of the bitter rose to be reduced year by year, which influences the further improvement of the yield and the quality of the bitter rose, and the development of the local rose industry is restricted due to single variety.

The existing rose germplasm resources are fully utilized, and the rose variety with long flowering phase, high yield, high oil yield, strong disease resistance and excellent quality is cultivated (selected), so that the method has extremely important significance for the healthy development of the rose industry. At present, the common breeding methods of roses are as follows: (1) introducing and domesticating; (2) selecting and breeding, including bud mutation selection and seedling seed selection; (3) cross breeding; (4) other breeding methods (including self-breeding, radiation breeding, etc.). China rose belonging to the same genus as rose is taken as the first ornamental plant in the world, and most varieties are obtained by long-term hybrid breeding, so that hybrid breeding is an important approach and method for rose breeding, and the pollination link is very important in the hybrid breeding process. At present, no artificial hybridization breeding and pollination technology of the rosa amara exists.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for artificial pollination of the Chinese rosa amara aiming at the problems in the prior art so as to realize crossbreeding and variety improvement of the rosa amara.

Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a method for artificial pollination of the Chinese rosa amara comprises the following steps:

(1) collecting flower buds: selecting a plant of a rose variety with excellent characters as a male parent according to a breeding target, selecting a plant of the rosa amara as a female parent, and picking the whole flower bud when the flower bud of the male parent is fully expanded;

(2) drying and storing anthers: opening the picked flower buds of the male parents, taking off fresh anthers and placing for 12-24 hours at room temperature;

(3) pollen collection: collecting pollen after pollen on the anther naturally looses;

(4) pollination: when the female parent bud is about to bloom, lightly opening the petals, dipping a small amount of pollen of the male parent and smearing the pollen on the column head of the female parent bud;

(5) bagging: sleeving the pollination bag on the flowers of the female parent after pollination and sealing;

(6) removing the bag: and after waiting for a period of time, taking down the pollination bag, and counting the fruit setting rate and the fruit setting rate.

Further, the completion time of the step (4) is 9: 00-11: 00 in the morning.

Further, in the step (5), pollination time and male parent information are marked on the pollination bag after bagging is completed, and related information is marked on a hanging plate at the bottom of the plant if the whole plant of the quassia rose is pollinated by the same male parent.

Further, in the step (5), the pollination bag is a sulfuric acid paper bag.

Further, in the step (6), after the female parent plant bears fruit and the fruit is ripe, the pollination bag is taken down. The pollination bag is taken down after the fruit is ripe, because the rose grows nutritionally after 7 months, the branches and leaves are dense, if no pollination bag exists, the ripe fruit is easily shielded by the dense branches and leaves, the color difference between the pollination bag and the rose branches and leaves is obvious, and therefore the pollination bag is kept until the fruit is ripe and is convenient to identify and pick.

The research of the applicant finds that the male of the quassia rose is sterile, the emasculation step can be omitted during pollination, and the male can be directly pollinated by the selected pollen of the male parent, which is not noticed by the previous research institute. Therefore, the castration operation is omitted in the pollination in the step (4) of the invention, and the pollination is directly carried out. The following test for the validation (affinity assay) of male sterility of the rosa amara was carried out by the applicant:

1. design of experiments

Affinity assay 5 treatments were set, a: bagging without emasculation or pollination (natural pollination); b: self-pollination bagging without emasculation (self-pollination); c: bagging after emasculation (parthenogenesis); d: bagging for cross pollination; e: carrying out heterogeneous pollination (the rosa laevigata is taken as a male parent, and the rosa laevigata is taken as a female parent); control CK: after emasculation, carrying out heterogeneous pollination and bagging (the bitter rose is used as a female parent, and the purple branch rose is used as a male parent). Each treatment had 30 individual flowers, and the rate of ovary enlargement was counted after one month.

Ovary expansion rate (%) = ovary expansion number/total pollinated flower number × 100%

The results show that when the parents and the parents are all the rosa rugosa thunb, no ovary expansion is seen in artificial pollination and natural pollination regardless of emasculation, and the ovary expansion rate is 0; when the rosa amara serves as a male parent and the rosa davurica serves as a female parent, the ovary expansion rate is 0; when the control, namely the rosa amara is taken as a female parent and the rosa davurica is taken as a male parent, the ovary expansion rate is 86.67 percent (see table 1). The test result shows that: the picrinia rosea is male sterile and can not perform parthenogenesis, and belongs to a completely self-incompatible plant.

TABLE 1 bitter rose affinity assay

In order to further verify the feasibility of the scheme of the invention, the method provided by the invention is adopted to perform hybridization experiments aiming at different male parent varieties, and the specific results are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 fruit set percentage and set percentage statistics for different rose hybridization combinations

In the experiment, the rose variety as the male parent comprises 7 varieties of 'purple branch white rose', 'Baugaria red rose', 'Shanshui rose', 'double purple branch powder rose', 'thorn rose', 'double purple branch red rose' and 'Liaoning Siji rose', and the result shows that the fruit setting rate of the 'Shanshui rose' as the male parent is the highest and reaches 93.33%, and the average fruit setting rate of the 7 combinations can reach 79.11%. The combination with higher setting percentage comprises purple branch white rose, Bulgaria red rose, mercuric rose and double-petal purple branch pink rose according to the number of seeds contained in each fruit, wherein each fruit comprises more than 10 seeds, and the average setting percentage of 7 combinations is 9.4. The method of the invention is used for obtaining better fruit setting rate and fruit setting rate.

In order to further verify the influence of pollination time on the hybridization of the picrass, the invention also carries out an experiment on the influence of different pollination times on the setting percentage of the picrass, and the specific results are shown in a table 3.

TABLE 3 Effect of different pollination times on the setting percentage of the bitter Rose

As can be seen from Table 3, pollination is performed in the morning time period and the afternoon time period respectively, and pollination at 9: 00-11: 00 in the morning can obviously improve the fruiting number and the setting percentage of the bitter rose compared with pollination at 14: 00-16: 00 in the afternoon, so that pollination at 9: 00-11: 00 in the morning is preferred.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at the research discovery of the self-incompatibility of the rosa laevigata, the artificial pollination method without male hybridization by using the rosa laevigata as a female parent is provided, and the method is simple to operate, time-saving and labor-saving and has high breeding success rate.

Detailed Description

The process of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.

(1) collecting flower buds: according to the breeding target, selecting a plant of a rose variety with excellent characters as a male parent, selecting a bitter rose as a female parent, and picking the whole flower bud when the flower bud of the male parent is fully expanded;

(2) drying and storing anthers: opening flower buds of male parent, taking off fresh anther, placing on smooth and clean parchment paper, and standing at room temperature for 12-24 h;

(3) pollen collection: after the pollen on the parchment paper naturally looses, filling the parchment paper into a centrifugal tube for sealing and storing;

(4) pollination: slightly opening the petals when the female parent flower buds are about to bloom, dipping a small amount of pollen of the male parent with a cotton swab and smearing the pollen on the stigma of the female parent flower buds, and selecting 9: 00-11: 00 in the morning to finish pollination;

(5) bagging: sheathing the flowers after pollination with a sulfuric acid paper bag (5 cm x 5 cm), sealing with a stapler, marking the pollination time and the male parent information on the sulfuric acid paper bag with a marker pen, and marking the related information on the bottom of the plant when the whole plant of the quassia rose is pollinated with the same male parent;

(6) removing the bag: after the female parent plants bear fruit and the fruit is mature, picking the sulfuric acid paper bag.

Claims

1. A method for artificial pollination of a Chinese quassia rose is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(4) pollination: when the female parent bud is about to bloom, lightly opening the petals, dipping a small amount of pollen of the male parent and smearing the pollen on the column head of the female parent bud; the completion time is selected from 9: 00-11: 00 in the morning;

(6) removing the bag: after waiting for a period of time, the pollination bag is taken down.

2. The method for artificial pollination of Chinese quash roses according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), pollination time and male parent information are marked on pollination bags after bagging is completed, and related information is marked on hang tags at the bottoms of plants if the whole plant of quash roses is pollinated by the same male parent.

3. The method for artificial pollination of rosa amara in china according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the pollination bag is a sulfuric acid paper bag.

4. The method for artificial pollination of rosa amara in china according to claim 1, wherein in step (6), the pollination bag is taken down after the female parent plant bears fruit and the fruit is ripe.