CN109258273B - Method for building annual colorful forest stand capable of being applied in modeling mode - Google Patents
Method for building annual colorful forest stand capable of being applied in modeling mode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for building annual colorful forest stand capable of being applied in a modeling mode belongs to the technical field of afforestation and is characterized by comprising the steps of dividing afforestation units, configuring plants of complete afforestation units, configuring plants of incomplete afforestation units, selecting and planting tree species in afforestation groups, lofting in a partition mode on afforestation projects, planting corresponding tree species and the like. The method has the advantages that the practicability is high, the annual constructed colorful forest is good in effect, the mode can be copied by dividing the large afforestation area into a plurality of unit cells, different items can be combined according to different tree species, then the afforestation unit layout schemes are designed in the unit cells according to the ornamental characteristics and the ornamental period of the different tree species, and the afforestation unit layout schemes are naturally used in the unit cells of the items. The afforestation design is designed and constructed by forestry technicians, a garden design unit is not required to be entrusted to carry out special design, and time, labor and money are saved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of afforestation, in particular to a colorized forest phase construction technology for barren mountains and newly reclaimed mountains.
Background
The colorized forest stand is a forest stand which has a certain amount of other colors besides green and can display colorized effects, is a target forest stand constructed by modern beautiful forest stands, and the colorized effects of the forest stand are formed by non-green leaves or flowers and fruits which can play a colorized effect, common colored leaves are yellow leaves, red leaves, purple leaves, orange leaves and the like, and the flower colors are red, yellow, purple, white and the like. Along with the rapid development of social economy in China, the requirements of people on the environmental quality are higher and higher, the construction of the national environmental quality is also more and more emphasized, the environment beautification is emphasized and implemented in cities and villages and towns, and the environment beautification also gradually extends to mountainous regions, so that the color painting of forest drapes becomes a new pursuit of people. Zhejiang is one of economically developed provinces in China, is an important practical area and a auspicious place of the theory of two mountains, and is a province for building forest facies which is established in Zhejiang in good condition as a fire. However, the following problems are encountered in the work of developing colored forest establishment in Zhejiang: (1) the color tree species with longer color period are lacked, the color period of the common plants is only 2-5 weeks, so that the single tree species is adopted for afforestation, the formed forest phase has very short colorization period, the forest phase in the non-colorization period has no colorization effect, the colorful forest phase with long colorization period cannot be formed, and the most common forest phase has a certain period of color effect in spring and autumn. (2) Because of the few excellent colorful tree species suitable for Zhejiang areas, the single colorful tree species is adopted for afforestation, the colorful forest with diversified colorful effects is difficult to build, and the aesthetic fatigue is easy to cause. Moreover, the biological diversity of a single forest stand is lack, the stability of a forest ecological system is low, and diseases and insect pests are easily caused. (3) In the past, when multi-tree mixed afforestation is adopted, a garden design unit is required to be entrusted to carry out afforestation design, the design is long in time consumption, the design cost is high, entrusted procedures are complicated, and due to the fact that the garden design unit is not sufficient in understanding afforestation work and knowledge of afforestation tree species, a designed scheme is often unreasonable, the change is large in the construction process, the operability and the controllability are poor, and a lot of inconvenience is brought to implementation of afforestation projects. And even if the construction is carried out according to the design drawing, the requirements of different plants on the growth environment and the biological characteristics of the plants are different, so that the growth and the development of partial tree species are easy to be poor, and the forest phase can not achieve the expected effect after the forestation for years.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems in the prior art, the present invention is directed to a method for constructing a year-round colorful forest stand which can be applied in a modeling manner.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for building annual colorful forest stand capable of being applied in a modeling mode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) dividing afforestation units: dividing the afforestation area into a plurality of regular complete afforestation units with the same shape,if the edge part of the afforestation area is less than one afforestation unit, the edge part is used as an incomplete afforestation unit; the area of each complete afforestation unit in the same afforestation project is the same, and the area of the complete afforestation unit is 500-10000 m2The number of the complete afforestation units of each afforestation area is not less than 6;
2) plant configuration of the complete afforestation unit: on the premise of satisfying the tree suitability in the ground, selecting a plurality of tree species with colorization effects in 4 seasons including spring, summer, autumn and winter according to the ground conditions of afforestation projects to form a tree species combination; dividing the afforestation units into afforestation groups with the same number as the tree species according to the tree species number of the tree species combination, planting one tree species in each afforestation group, wherein the afforestation groups are irregular block-shaped, the shape and the size of each afforestation group can be different, and the area of one afforestation group is 50m2In the whole afforestation unit, different afforestation unit group layout schemes are formed through the position and shape change of each afforestation group; viewing afforestation projects with the distance within the range of 1000 meters, and the area of the afforestation group is 50-300 m2When the viewing distance exceeds 1000 m, the area of the afforestation group is 300-2Each afforestation project designs 1-4 different afforestation unit group layout schemes;
3) plant configuration of incomplete afforestation units: determining the number of the afforestation groups according to the actual area of the incomplete afforestation units, and deleting the number of the afforestation groups according to the actual area, wherein the layout of the afforestation groups in the incomplete afforestation units can be randomly planned according to the terrain, or the layout scheme of the afforestation unit groups can be referred to lay out corresponding areas, and when the area of the afforestation groups is less than one, the afforestation groups are merged into the adjacent afforestation groups; adjacent incomplete afforestation units can be merged;
4) the tree species selection and planting requirements in the afforestation group are as follows: the planting density of the tree species in a single afforestation group is determined according to the specification and the biological characteristics of the tree species when the tree species is planted;
5) according to the area of the forestation units and the area of the forestation groups, the forestation projects are lofted in different areas, and corresponding tree species are planted in corresponding areas.
The method for building year-round colorized forest stand capable of being applied in a modeling manner is characterized in that different months in the step 2) comprise 12 months in the whole year, and each month has at least 1 colorized tree species.
The method for building the annual colorful forest stand capable of being applied in a modeling mode is characterized in that the afforestation units are square.
The method for building the annual colourful forest stand capable of being applied in a modeling mode is characterized in that the afforestation group is in the shape of fish scales.
The method for building annual colourful forest landscape in a modelled application is characterized in that at least 6 afforestation groups are arranged in each afforestation unit, the balanced distribution of at least 6 colourful plaques in each period is guaranteed, and colourful tree species in different months are respectively configured in each afforestation group.
The method for building the annual colorful forest stand capable of being applied in a modeling mode is characterized by comprising the following steps of: when the afforestation unit is divided into 9 afforestation groups, respectively planting michelia profundus, magnolia delavayi, schima superba, cornus officinalis, crape myrtle, goldenrain, gingko, beautiful maple and sassafras; tree species selection and planting requirements: the diameter at breast height of michelia figo seedling in the mountainous region is 6-7 cm, the height is 3.5-4.5 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.0 m; the diameter of the breast of the magnolia denudata is 5-6 cm, the height is 3.5-4.5 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.0 m; the diameter at breast height of the schima superba seedling is 4-5 cm, the height is 3.0-4.0 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3 m; the diameter of the breast of the Hongkong daylily is 5-6 cm, the height is 3.5-4.5 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.0 m; the diameter at breast height of crape myrtle nursery stock is 5-6 cm, the height is 4-5 m, and the distance between plants is 2-2.5 m; the diameter at breast height of the goldenrain tree is 4-5 cm, the height is 3-4 m, and the inter-plant distance is 2.5-3.5 m; the diameter at breast height of ginkgo nursery stock is 5-6 cm, the height is 4-5 m, and the distance between plants is 2-2.5 m; the diameter of the chest of the beautiful maple is 6-7 cm, the height is 4-5 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.0 m; the diameter at breast height of the sassafras tree is 5-6 cm, the height is 3.5-5.0 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.0 m.
The method for building the annual colorful forest stand capable of being applied in a modeling mode is characterized by comprising the following steps of: when the afforestation unit is divided into 8 afforestation groups, 8 afforestation groups are respectively planted with michelia profundus, fujian mountain cherry blossom, castanopsis sclerophylla, cyclobalanopsis glauca, lagerstroemia indica, goldenrain tree, sapindus mukorossi and liquidambar formosana; tree species selection and planting requirements: the diameter at breast height of michelia figo seedlings in the mountainous region is 8-9 cm, the height is 4.5-6 m, and the distance between seedlings is 2.5-3 m; the diameter of the cerasus serrulata flower is 6-7 cm, the height is 4-5.5 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.5 m; the diameter of the breast height of the castanopsis sclerophylla seedling is 7-9 cm, the height is 4-5.5 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3 m; cyclobalanopsis glauca has a breast diameter of 5-6 cm, a height of 3.0-4.0 m and a plant spacing of 2.0-2.5 m; the diameter at breast height of crape myrtle nursery stock is 7-8 cm, the height is 5-6 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.0 m; the diameter at breast height of Huangshan goldenrain tree is 6-7 cm, the height is 4-5 m, and the inter-plant distance is 3.0-4.0 m; the diameter at breast height of sapindus mukorossi seedling is 6-7 cm, the height is 4-5 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3 m; the diameter of the breast of the sweetgum is 5-6 cm, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.5 m.
The method is characterized in that the method continuously searches in the process of color forest construction practice, combines the research on color forest tree species, takes the color effect all the year round as a basic target and annual colorization as a highest target, controls the total area effect in a configuration mode of reproducible application, and achieves the near-naturalized plant configuration difference effect by adjusting the plant species in a unit cell, the planting position, the planting quantity and the layout shape, and has the following beneficial effects: (1) adopts mixed afforestation of a plurality of colored tree species containing colored periods in all seasons, solves the problems of short colored period of single tree species or a small number of tree species and the like. (2) By adopting multi-tree mixed afforestation, various different plant configuration combinations can be created, and various near-natural different colorized forest facies effects can be generated. (3) The method divides the whole afforestation project into a plurality of complete afforestation units with certain sizes, and each complete afforestation unit contains all the tree species selected by the whole afforestation project, so that each tree species can be uniformly distributed on different positions of the whole afforestation project, and the condition that a certain tree species is excessively concentrated and distributed in a certain area to become a dotted colorized forest phase in the conventional design method is avoided. Therefore, the distribution of a single tree species in the whole afforestation area can be macroscopically controlled, and meanwhile, after the small area is designed and rotated, diversified changes can be formed, and different afforestation unit group layout schemes can be formed. (4) Design work can be simplified, because divide into a plurality of afforestation unit district to whole afforestation project rule, the design range just reduces to the very little complete afforestation unit of area from whole afforestation region, and design work volume is very reduced. (5) The construction control is convenient. The method is adopted to carry out afforestation construction, and the scheme is divided and controlled by the afforestation units, so that the disordered distribution of the conventional whole area is changed into the ordered distribution of unit cells (namely, complete afforestation units, the same below), therefore, in the afforestation process, the control of construction units on planting points of each plant, the control of construction units and supervision units on construction quality and the verification of the project amount of audit units become easier, and the management accuracy can be greatly improved. (6) Reproducibility of protocol usage. The method divides a large afforestation area into a plurality of unit cells, the mode can be copied, different projects can select different tree species combinations according to requirements, then different tree species are arranged in the unit cells in 1 to 4 different ways according to the ornamental characteristics and the ornamental period of the different tree species, 1 to 4 afforestation unit group arrangement schemes are formed, and then the afforestation unit group arrangement schemes are naturally used in the unit cells of the projects. The landscape characteristics of different afforestation projects can generate diversified effects through the size, the shape, the tree species combination, the proportion of various tree species in the unit cell, the shape of each tree species planting area, the configuration type number of the unit cell, the arrangement modes of different types of unit cells and the like. Therefore, afforestation design can be designed and constructed by forestry technicians without entrusting a garden design unit to carry out special design, and time, labor and money are saved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the configuration of a forestation unit in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the layout of a forestation subgroup of a complete forestation unit D1 in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the layout of the forestation subgroups of the complete forestation unit D2 in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the layout of the forestation subgroups of the complete forestation unit D3 in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the layout of a forestation subgroup with a incomplete forestation unit D' in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the configuration of a forestation unit in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the layout of the forestation subgroups of the complete forestation unit D in example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1 method of building annual colourful forest stand suitable for modeling application
The invention provides a method for building annual colorful forest stand capable of being applied in a modeling mode, which mainly comprises the following steps:
1. dividing afforestation units: dividing the afforestation area into a plurality of regular complete afforestation units D with the same shape according to 2 directions of length and breadth (namely, the afforestation area is parallel to the boundary line of the mountain and the ground, and the vertical direction is vertical), wherein if the area of the edge part of the afforestation area is less than one afforestation unit, the edge part is used as an incomplete afforestation unit D'; the whole afforestation unit areas of the same afforestation project are basically the same, and the area of the afforestation unit is 500-10000 m2The number of complete afforestation units of each afforestation area is usually not less than 6; for ease of design and construction, the afforestation unit is preferably square in shape, including rectangular and square.
2. Plant configuration of the complete afforestation unit: on the premise of satisfying suitable land and tree (for example, soil condition is not met, soil improvement is required before afforestation, the soil improvement method can be according to the prior art, such as digging big holes, replacing soil for others, applying base fertilizer, etc.), according to the land conditions of afforestation items, a plurality of tree species with colorization effects in 4 seasons including spring, summer, autumn and winter are selected to form a tree species combination, in order to achieve better colorization effects, the tree species combination preferably comprises a plurality of tree species with colorization effects in 12 different months, the colorization period of the tree species in the combination achieves annual colorization continuously as much as possible, so that the colorization period is as long as possible, and each month has at least 1 colorization tree species. For example: the project has special requirements or is limited by expenses, only the colorization effect of a certain season or certain months needs to be highlighted, the tree species can be selected and configured according to the target requirements, and if only the colorization effect in summer needs to be obtained, the tree species listed in the following months 6-8 are selected. At least 6 afforestation groups are arranged in each afforestation unit D, and the colorized tree species in different months are respectively configured in each afforestation group.
According to the conventional colorization time in the middle of Zhejiang in the year, the main colorization tree species condition of each month is as follows:
1 month: michelia profunda, sassafras, plum blossom, sika hongkong, etc.;
and (2) month: michelia profunda, cerasus serrulata, sassafras, sikakiang rhododendron, and the like;
and 3, month: cinnamomum camphora, Yingchun cherry, Fujian nan, Japanese flowering cherry, Zhejiang nan, Fujian cherry, red (yellow, white, purple) magnolia, two-arbor magnolia, pear, peach, Chinese flowering apple, Photinia, paulownia, and schima superba;
and 4, month: phoebe bournei, machilus pauhoi, machilus thunbergii, sweetgum, chestnuts, zelkova, soapberry, schima superba, wood tung tree, prunus cerasifera, chinquan tannin extract, cyclobalanopsis glauca, chinquapin, maples and the like;
and (5) month: wood oil tung, chinquapin tannin extract, cyclobalanopsis glauca, Chinese gooseberry, and herba Hyperici Japonici;
and 6, month: lagerstroemia indica, schima superba, cornus macrophylla, albizia julibrissin, prunus cerasifera, oleander, ailanthus altissima, cornflower tetrapanax, and the like;
and 7, month: lagerstroemia indica, cornus macrophylla, albizia julibrissin, prunus cerasifera, oleander, ailanthus altissima and the like;
and 8, month: lagerstroemia indica, albizia julibrissin, oleander, prunus cerasifera and the like;
and 9, month: goldenrain tree, Lagerstroemia indica, Nerium indicum, Prunus cerasifera, etc.;
and (5) 10 months: cotton rose hibiscus, ginkgo, prunus cerasifera, goldenrain tree, soapberry and the like;
and (5) in 11 months: ginkgo, sweetgum, goldenrain tree, maple, chestnut, soapberry, sassafras, vetiver, etc.;
and (5) in 12 months: sweetgum, maple, sassafras, vetiver, etc.
And dividing the afforestation units into afforestation groups with the same number as the tree species contained in the tree species combination according to the number of the tree species combination, wherein the afforestation groups are respectively Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5, Z6 … … and the like. Each afforestation groupPlanting a tree species (such as planting tree species 1 in afforestation group Z1, planting tree species 2 in afforestation group Z2, planting tree species 3 … … in afforestation group Z3), wherein the afforestation group is irregular block, such as fish scale, strip is avoided as much as possible, the shapes and sizes of the afforestation groups can be different, and the area of each afforestation group is 50m2In the whole afforestation unit, different afforestation unit group layout schemes are formed through the position and shape change of each afforestation group; viewing afforestation projects with the distance within the range of 1000 meters, and the area of the afforestation group is 50-300 m2When the viewing distance exceeds 1000 m, the area of the afforestation group is 300-2Each afforestation project designs 1-4 different afforestation unit group layout schemes and numbers are carried out, such as D1, D2, D3, D4 and the like.
3. Plant configuration of incomplete afforestation units: if the edge part of the afforestation area is less than one afforestation unit, the edge part is used as an incomplete afforestation unit, the quantity of afforestation groups in the incomplete afforestation unit is deleted according to the actual area, and adjacent incomplete afforestation units can be merged. Determining the number of afforestation subgroups according to the actual area of the incomplete afforestation unit, wherein when the actual area is less than 2/N of the area of the afforestation unit (N is the number of afforestation subgroups of the whole afforestation unit, the same applies below), the number of afforestation subgroups of the incomplete afforestation unit is 1; when 2/N of the area of the afforestation unit is less than or equal to 3/N of the area of the afforestation unit, the afforestation small group number of the incomplete afforestation unit is 2; when the area of the afforestation unit is more than or equal to 3/N and the actual area is less than or equal to 4/N of the area of the afforestation unit, the afforestation small group number of the incomplete afforestation unit is 3; when the area of the afforestation unit is not less than 4/N and the actual area is less than 5/N of the area of the afforestation unit, the afforestation small group number of the incomplete afforestation unit is 4; … … and so on. The layout of the afforestation subgroups in the incomplete afforestation unit can be randomly defined according to the terrain, and the layout scheme of the afforestation subgroup can be referenced to carry out layout on corresponding areas, when the area of the afforestation subgroup is less than one, the layout scheme is merged into the adjacent afforestation subgroups, and the uniform distribution of the afforestation subgroups in the incomplete afforestation unit is realized as far as possible.
4. The tree species selection and planting requirements in the afforestation group are as follows: the planting density of the tree species in a single afforestation group is determined according to the specification and biological characteristics of the tree species when the tree species is planted.
5. According to the area of the forestation units and the area of the forestation groups, the forestation projects are lofted in different areas, and corresponding tree species are planted in corresponding areas.
The plant layout of each type of afforestation unit is subject to the following principles:
each tree species is planted in a region concentrated piece (group) in a afforestation unit to form a small group, the planting range of the tree species is drawn during design, indexes such as approximate area, planting quantity and planting density are marked, the difference of colors between the tree species and other peripheral plants in the colorization season is guaranteed, the colorization effect is generated, meanwhile, the stable community advantage of the tree species in the whole forest growing competition is guaranteed, and the forest colorization stability is guaranteed. The planting area of each tree species is determined according to factors such as biological characteristics of the tree species, viewing distance, afforestation unit area, characteristics of other tree species combined with the tree species and the like. Tall and big tree body, dark color of flower color or leaf color, fast growing positive tree species, small group number of plants, at least 2-3 plants, such as goldenrain tree; for neutral tree species with short crown and slow growth, the number of small groups of plants should be increased properly to ensure that the tree species can display the colorization effect and stable growth space. The small-scale afforestation project with close viewing distance can have less small group plants, each plant is 50-300 square meters, the viewing distance is far, and the large afforestation area project can have large group area.
Density design: the tree species in the tree species combination are comprehensively analyzed, the tree species with high tree bodies are preferably low in planting density and not preferably high in planting density, and the high growth of the tree species is slowed down by the low density; for small arbor species with slow or low height, the density is preferably high but not low, and the high growth is promoted by high density.
Plant configuration of afforestation project: and randomly copying a plurality of designed afforestation units to each cell of the whole afforestation project, thus forming a plant configuration diagram of the whole project and forming a plant configuration scheme.
Example 2
The afforestation project is located in Lishui city of Zhejiang province, the total area of the mountain annual colourful forest phase construction scheme is 112 mu, and the ornamental distance is 2-3 kilometers. The specific method comprises the following steps:
1) dividing the afforestation project into a plurality of complete afforestation units D with the same area and shape: the dimensions of each afforestation unit are: 50 meters long and 50 meters wide. If the edge part of the afforestation area is less than a complete afforestation unit, the edge part is used as an incomplete afforestation unit D ', the quantity of afforestation subgroups in the incomplete afforestation unit D ' is deleted according to the actual area, and adjacent incomplete afforestation units D ' can be combined, as shown in figure 1.
2) Plant configuration of the complete afforestation unit D: the afforestation unit D is divided into 9 afforestation groups which are respectively counted as Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5, Z6, Z7, Z8 and Z9, the afforestation groups are fish scales, and the area of a single afforestation group is 200-320m2. Wherein michelia figo is planted in a 1 month and 2 month colorized species of tree in a Z1 area, magnolia is planted in a 2 month and 3 month colorized species of tree in a Z2 area, schima yunnanensis is planted in a 3 month, 4 month and 6 month colorized species of tree in a Z3 area, rhododendron is planted in a Z4 area, haematochrome is planted in a 1 month, 2 month, 5 month, 6 month, 11 month and 12 month colorized species of hongkong, crape myrtle is planted in a Z5 area, acerola is planted in a 9 month and 10 month colorized species of tree in a Z6 area, ginko is planted in a 10 month and 11 month colorized species of ginkgo in a Z7 area, acerola maple is planted in a 4 month, 11 month and 12 month colorized species of tree in a Z8 area, sassafras is planted in a 1 month, 2 month, 11 month and 12 month colorized species of tree in a Z9 area, and 9 afforestation groups are arranged in different unit arrangement positions to form a scheme; usually, 1-3 different afforestation unit group layout schemes are designed for each afforestation project, and 3 layout schemes D1, D2 and D3 are designed in the present case, and are respectively shown in FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4.
3) Plant configuration of incomplete afforestation unit D': determining the number of afforestation groups according to the actual area of the incomplete afforestation unit D ', wherein when the actual area is less than 2/N of the area of the complete afforestation unit D (N is the number of small groups of afforestation of the complete afforestation unit D, the same applies below), the number of small groups of afforestation of the incomplete afforestation unit D' is 1; when the area 2/N of the complete afforestation unit D is less than or equal to the actual area 3/N of the area of the complete afforestation unit D, the afforestation small group number of the incomplete afforestation unit D' is 2; when the area of the complete afforestation unit D is not more than 3/N and the actual area is less than 4/N of the area of the complete afforestation unit D, the afforestation small group number of the incomplete afforestation unit D' is 3; when the area of the complete afforestation unit D is not less than 4/N and the actual area is less than 5/N of the area of the complete afforestation unit D, the afforestation small group number of the incomplete afforestation unit D' is 4; … …, and so on, as in fig. 5. The layout of the afforestation subgroups in the incomplete afforestation unit D 'can be randomly determined according to the terrain, and can also be combined into the adjacent afforestation subgroups when the area of the afforestation subgroups is less than one according to the layout of D1, D2 or D3 in the 2) above, so that the uniform distribution of the afforestation subgroups in the incomplete afforestation unit D' is realized as far as possible.
4) The tree species selection and planting requirements in the afforestation group are as follows: the planting density of the tree species in a single afforestation group is determined according to the size and the biological characteristics of the tree species when the tree species is planted; wherein the diameter at breast height of Michelia figo seedlings in the mountainous region is 6-7 cm, the height is 3.5-4.5 m, and the distance between seedlings is 2.5-3.0 m; the diameter of the breast of the magnolia denudata is 5-6 cm, the height is 3.5-4.5 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.0 m; the diameter at breast height of the schima superba seedling is 4-5 cm, the height is 3.0-4.0 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3 m; the diameter of the breast of the Hongkong daylily is 5-6 cm, the height is 3.5-4.5 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.0 m; the diameter at breast height of crape myrtle nursery stock is 5-6 cm, the height is 4-5 m, and the distance between plants is 2-2.5 m; the diameter at breast height of the goldenrain tree is 4-5 cm, the height is 3-4 m, and the inter-plant distance is 2.5-3.5 m; the diameter at breast height of ginkgo nursery stock is 5-6 cm, the height is 4-5 m, and the distance between plants is 2-2.5 m; the diameter of the chest of the beautiful maple is 6-7 cm, the height is 4-5 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.0 m; the diameter at breast height of the sassafras tree is 5-6 cm, the height is 3.5-5.0 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.0 m.
5) According to the area of the forestation units and the area of the forestation groups, the forestation projects are lofted in different areas, and corresponding tree species are planted in corresponding areas.
After 3 years of afforestation, each tree species has good growth and development conditions, the target colorization period of each tree species gradually shows better colorization effect, the color patches are uniform, the near-natural distribution effect is shown, and the colorization effect is realized in 1-12 months all the year round. And the whole forest phase is complete, and the influence of interspecific competition is not obvious.
Example 3
The afforestation project is located in an industrial area in Hangzhou city of Zhejiang province, the total area is 24 mu, and the ornamental distance is 500-600 m.
1) Dividing the afforestation project into a plurality of complete afforestation units D with the same area and shape: the dimensions of each afforestation unit are: length 25 meters and width 20 meters. If the edge part of the afforestation area is less than a complete afforestation unit, the edge part is used as an incomplete afforestation unit D ', the quantity of afforestation subgroups in the incomplete afforestation unit D ' is deleted according to the actual area, and adjacent incomplete afforestation units D ' can be combined, as shown in figure 6.
2) Plant configuration of the complete afforestation unit D: dividing the whole afforestation unit into 8 afforestation groups respectively counted as Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5, Z6, Z7 and Z8, wherein the afforestation groups are fish scales, and the area of each afforestation group is 50-80m2. Wherein, the Caucasian tree species glorious japonicas which is colorized for 1 month and 2 months is planted in a Z1 area, the Fujian mountain oriental cherries which are colorized for 2 months and 3 months are planted in a Z2 area, the Castanopsis sclerophylla which is colorized for 4 months and 5 months is planted in a Z3 area, the cyclobalanopsis glauca which is colorized for 4 months and 5 months is planted in a Z4 area, the Lagerstroemia indica which is colorized for 6 months, 7 months, 8 months and 9 months is planted in a Z5 area, the Korea goldenrain which is colorized for 9 months and 10 months is planted in a Z6 area, the Korea goldenrain tree which is colorized for 4 months, 10 months and 11 months is planted in a Z7 area, and the Liquidambar formosana which is colorized for 4 months, 11 months and 12 months is planted in a Z8 area, thereby forming; each afforestation project designs 1 afforestation unit group layout scheme, which is shown in figure 7.
3) Plant configuration of incomplete afforestation unit D': determining the number of afforestation groups according to the actual area of the incomplete afforestation unit D ', wherein when the actual area is less than 2/N of the area of the complete afforestation unit D (N is the number of small groups of afforestation of the complete afforestation unit D, the same applies below), the number of small groups of afforestation of the incomplete afforestation unit D' is 1; when the area 2/N of the complete afforestation unit D is less than or equal to the actual area 3/N of the area of the complete afforestation unit D, the afforestation small group number of the incomplete afforestation unit D' is 2; when the area of the complete afforestation unit D is not more than 3/N and the actual area is less than 4/N of the area of the complete afforestation unit D, the afforestation small group number of the incomplete afforestation unit D' is 3; when the area of the complete afforestation unit D is not less than 4/N and the actual area is less than 5/N of the area of the complete afforestation unit D, the afforestation small group number of the incomplete afforestation unit D' is 4; … … and so on (see example 2). The layout of the afforestation subgroups in the incomplete afforestation unit D 'can be randomly defined according to the terrain, and can be merged into the adjacent afforestation subgroups when the area of the afforestation subgroups is less than one according to the layout in the figure 7, so that the uniform distribution of the afforestation subgroups in the incomplete afforestation unit D' is realized as far as possible.
4) The tree species selection and planting requirements in the afforestation group are as follows: the planting density of the tree species in a single afforestation group is determined according to the size and the biological characteristics of the tree species when the tree species is planted; wherein the diameter at breast height of michelia figo seedling in the mountainous region is 8-9 cm, the height is 4.5-6 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3 m; the diameter of the cerasus serrulata flower is 6-7 cm, the height is 4-5.5 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.5 m; the diameter of the breast height of the castanopsis sclerophylla seedling is 7-9 cm, the height is 4-5.5 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3 m; cyclobalanopsis glauca has a breast diameter of 5-6 cm, a height of 3.0-4.0 m and a plant spacing of 2.0-2.5 m; the diameter at breast height of crape myrtle nursery stock is 7-8 cm, the height is 5-6 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.0 m; the diameter at breast height of Huangshan goldenrain tree is 6-7 cm, the height is 4-5 m, and the inter-plant distance is 3.0-4.0 m; the diameter at breast height of sapindus mukorossi seedling is 6-7 cm, the height is 4-5 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3 m; the diameter of the breast of the sweetgum is 5-6 cm, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.5 m.
5) According to the area of the forestation units and the area of the forestation groups, the forestation projects are lofted in different areas, and corresponding tree species are planted in corresponding areas.
After 3 years of afforestation, each tree species has good growth and development conditions, the target colorization period of each tree species gradually shows better colorization effect, the color patches are uniform, the near-natural distribution effect is shown, and the colorization effect is realized in 1-12 months all the year round. And the whole forest phase is complete, and the influence of interspecific competition is not obvious.
Claims (7)
1. A method for building annual colorful forest stand capable of being applied in a modeling mode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) dividing afforestation units: dividing the afforestation area into a plurality of regular complete afforestation units (D) with the same shape, and if the edge part of the afforestation area is less than one afforestation unit, taking the edge part as an incomplete afforestation unit (D'); the area of each complete afforestation unit in the same afforestation project is the same, and the area of the complete afforestation unit is 500-10000 m2The number of the whole afforestation units (D) in each afforestation area is not less than 6；
2) Plant configuration of the complete afforestation unit (D): on the premise of satisfying the tree fitting in the ground, selecting a plurality of tree species with colorization effects in 4 seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter according to the site conditions of the afforestation project to form the tree species combination of the afforestation project; dividing the afforestation units into afforestation groups with the same number as the tree species according to the tree species number of the tree species combination, planting one tree species in each afforestation group, wherein the afforestation groups are irregular block-shaped, the shape and the size of each afforestation group are the same or different, and the area of one afforestation group is 50m2In the whole afforestation unit, different afforestation unit group layout schemes are formed through the position and shape change of each afforestation group; viewing afforestation projects with the distance within the range of 1000 meters, and the area of the afforestation group is 50-300 m2When the viewing distance exceeds 1000 m, the area of the afforestation group is 300- & gt 1000 m2Each afforestation project designs 1-4 different afforestation unit group layout schemes;
3) plant configuration of incomplete afforestation unit (D'): determining the number of afforestation groups according to the actual area of the incomplete afforestation unit (D'), deleting the number of the afforestation groups according to the actual area, randomly planning the configuration of the afforestation groups in the incomplete afforestation unit according to the terrain, or laying out the corresponding areas according to the tree type configuration scheme of the afforestation unit, and merging the afforestation groups into the adjacent afforestation groups when the area of one afforestation group is less than the area of one afforestation group; merging or not merging the adjacent incomplete afforestation units;
4) the tree species selection and planting requirements in the afforestation group are as follows: the planting density of the tree species in a single afforestation group is determined according to the specification and the biological characteristics of the tree species when the tree species is planted;
5) according to the area of the forestation units and the area of the forestation groups, the forestation projects are lofted in different areas, and corresponding tree species are planted in corresponding areas.
2. The method for building year-round colorized forest landscape in patterned application according to claim 1, wherein the different months in step 2) include 12 months of the year, each month having at least 1 colorized tree species.
3. A method for building annual colour forest stands which can be modelled according to claim 1, characterised in that said afforestation units (D) are square.
4. A method of building annual colour forest according to claim 1, characterised in that the afforestation group is in the shape of a fish scale.
5. The method for building year-round colorized forest stands in a modeling application according to claim 1, wherein at least 6 afforestation groups are arranged in each afforestation unit (D), so that each period has a balanced distribution with at least 6 colorized plaques, and the colorized tree species in different months are respectively configured in each afforestation group.
6. The method for building annual colourful forest stands which can be used in a modelled way according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the afforestation unit is divided into 9 afforestation groups, respectively planting michelia profundus, magnolia delavayi, schima superba, cornus officinalis, crape myrtle, goldenrain, gingko, beautiful maple and sassafras; tree species selection and planting requirements: the diameter at breast height of michelia figo seedling in the mountainous region is 6-7 cm, the height is 3.5-4.5 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.0 m; the diameter of the breast of the magnolia denudata is 5-6 cm, the height is 3.5-4.5 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.0 m; the diameter at breast height of the schima superba seedling is 4-5 cm, the height is 3.0-4.0 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3 m; the diameter of the breast of the Hongkong daylily is 5-6 cm, the height is 3.5-4.5 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.0 m; the diameter at breast height of crape myrtle nursery stock is 5-6 cm, the height is 4-5 m, and the distance between plants is 2-2.5 m; the diameter at breast height of the goldenrain tree is 4-5 cm, the height is 3-4 m, and the inter-plant distance is 2.5-3.5 m; the diameter at breast height of ginkgo nursery stock is 5-6 cm, the height is 4-5 m, and the distance between plants is 2-2.5 m; the diameter of the chest of the beautiful maple is 6-7 cm, the height is 4-5 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.0 m; the diameter at breast height of the sassafras tree is 5-6 cm, the height is 3.5-5.0 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.0 m.
7. The method for building annual colourful forest stands which can be used in a modelled way according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the afforestation unit is divided into 8 afforestation groups, 8 afforestation groups are respectively planted with michelia profundus, fujian mountain cherry blossom, castanopsis sclerophylla, cyclobalanopsis glauca, lagerstroemia indica, goldenrain tree, sapindus mukorossi and liquidambar formosana; tree species selection and planting requirements: the diameter at breast height of michelia figo seedlings in the mountainous region is 8-9 cm, the height is 4.5-6 m, and the distance between seedlings is 2.5-3 m; the diameter of the cerasus serrulata flower is 6-7 cm, the height is 4-5.5 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.5 m; the diameter of the breast height of the castanopsis sclerophylla seedling is 7-9 cm, the height is 4-5.5 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3 m; cyclobalanopsis glauca has a breast diameter of 5-6 cm, a height of 3.0-4.0 m and a plant spacing of 2.0-2.5 m; the diameter at breast height of crape myrtle nursery stock is 7-8 cm, the height is 5-6 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.0 m; the diameter at breast height of Huangshan goldenrain tree is 6-7 cm, the height is 4-5 m, and the inter-plant distance is 3.0-4.0 m; the diameter at breast height of sapindus mukorossi seedling is 6-7 cm, the height is 4-5 m, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3 m; the diameter of the breast of the sweetgum is 5-6 cm, and the distance between plants is 2.5-3.5 m.
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