CN109220681B - Tobacco potting method and application thereof - Google Patents
Tobacco potting method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109220681B CN109220681B CN201811369671.XA CN201811369671A CN109220681B CN 109220681 B CN109220681 B CN 109220681B CN 201811369671 A CN201811369671 A CN 201811369671A CN 109220681 B CN109220681 B CN 109220681B
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- tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/45—Tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tobacco potting method and application thereof, comprising the following steps: (1) selecting a cultivation container, (2) filling a substrate, (3) arranging a pot plant, and (4) managing the pot plant; the invention has simple and convenient operation of pot culture, cheap and easily obtained culture medium, less used medium, resource saving, relatively lighter used medium, low labor intensity of culture, difficult lodging of the cultured tobacco plant, developed root system, shallow root and wide root width, no root penetration from a container, convenient movement and long-distance transportation, the culture process is close to field tobacco culture production, the space is saved, and the invention is suitable for seed production of the tobacco variety with larger plant types in the open air, a greenhouse and a greenhouse, and pot culture tests such as breeding, culture, plant protection, baking and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco cultivation, and particularly relates to a tobacco potting method and application thereof.
Background
Most of tobacco plants are large in plant type, and in order to enable the tobacco plants to grow normally during pot culture, flowerpots or plastic barrels with large calibers are mostly adopted for cultivation. The height of the cultivation containers is generally above 40cm, and the bottom of the cultivation containers is provided with water seepage holes to prevent tobacco plants from turning over and accumulating water. The used culture substrate mostly adopts cultivation soil, forest soil or grassland soil, the volume and the quality are large, roots of the cultivated tobacco plants often penetrate through a water seepage hole at the bottom of the container, or are rooted in a pot plant, or are aerial in a pot bottom, the movement is not convenient, the tobacco plants are easy to wither even if the cultivated tobacco plants are reluctant to move, the growth is difficult to recover, namely, the roots of the tobacco plants grow deeply, the main side roots are obviously differentiated, and the hairy roots are few. In general, in the tobacco pot culture, for example, cultivation soil, forest soil, grassland soil and the like are adopted as cultivation soil, the soil structure is compact, and the water permeability and the air permeability are poor; if sandy soil is adopted as cultivation soil, the soil has loose structure, low organic matter content, poor water retention and fertilizer retention, water leakage and fertilizer leakage, and water and fertilizer loss is caused; the commercial matrix has poor water retention and fertilizer retention, and the root fixing ability is very weak; at present, a tobacco potting matrix capable of taking account of ventilation and water and fertilizer is lacking in the market. In addition, the tobacco potted plant layout is usually simple and uniform in line distribution, and water and fertilizer management is separately performed in the cultivation process and is not well coordinated.
Therefore, there is a need to develop a method for potting tobacco that can solve the above problems.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a tobacco potting method, and the second purpose of the invention is to provide application of the tobacco potting method.
The first object of the present invention is achieved by comprising the steps of:
(1) selecting a cultivation container: selecting a cultivation container with the caliber of 30-45 cm, the height of 20-30 cm, 3-6 drain holes with equal intervals at the position 3-5 cm away from the bottom of the container and the aperture of 3-5 mm;
(2) filling a matrix: filling sand with the thickness of 5-8 cm at the bottom of the container, and filling cultivation soil formed by mixing the sand and the tobacco seedling culture substrate in a volume ratio of 3-6:1 on the sand until the height of the sand is 2-3 cm lower than the container opening;
(3) and (3) pot plant layout: determining the layout according to the potted plant scale, adopting row spacing cultivation of field plants when the scale is not more than 1000 plants, and adopting square matrix box type cultivation of 2-4 rows when the scale is more than 1000 plants;
(4) and (3) potting management: and (3) performing water and fertilizer management by adopting a water and fertilizer integrated mode of transplanting seedlings under the film and drip irrigation, and preventing and controlling tobacco mosaic disease by using a virus protective agent.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the pot culture provided by the invention is simple and convenient to operate, low in cultivation labor intensity, low in possibility of lodging of the cultivated tobacco plant, developed in root system, shallow in root, wide in root width, free of root penetration from a container, convenient to move and transport in a long distance, close to field cultivation tobacco production in the cultivation process, space-saving, and suitable for pot culture seed production of tobacco varieties with large plant types in the open air, a greenhouse and a greenhouse, and pot culture tests such as breeding, cultivation, plant protection, baking and the like.
2. The tobacco cultivation substrate provided by the invention has the advantages of water and air permeability, proper water holding capacity, moderate organic matter content, strong water and fertilizer holding and root fixing capacities, excellent tobacco plant cultivation effect, low price and easy obtainment of the cultivation substrate, less used substrate and resource saving.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples:
a tobacco potting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a cultivation container: selecting a cultivation container with the caliber of 30-45 cm, the height of 20-30 cm, 3-6 drain holes with equal intervals at the position 3-5 cm away from the bottom of the container and the aperture of 3-5 mm;
(2) filling a matrix: filling sand with the thickness of 5-8 cm at the bottom of the container, and filling cultivation soil formed by mixing the sand and a commercialized tobacco seedling culture substrate in a volume ratio of 3-6:1 on the sand until the height of the cultivation soil is 2-3 cm lower than the container opening;
(3) and (3) pot plant layout: determining the layout according to the potted plant scale, adopting row spacing cultivation of field plants when the scale is not more than 1000 plants, and adopting square matrix box type cultivation of 2-4 rows when the scale is more than 1000 plants;
(4) and (3) potting management: and (3) performing water and fertilizer management by adopting a water and fertilizer integrated mode of transplanting seedlings under the film and drip irrigation, and preventing and controlling tobacco mosaic disease by using a virus protective agent.
The barrel-shaped container in the step (1) is made of plastics, and the wall thickness of the container is 1-5 mm.
The formula of the tobacco seedling raising matrix in the step (2) comprises 30% of carbonized rice hulls, 30% of grass carbon, 20% of expanded perlite and 20% of vermiculite.
The sand in the step (2) is mountain sand with the grain diameter of 0.10-0.25mm, or river sand with the grain diameter of 0.35-0.50mm, or a mixture of the two in any proportion.
And (4) the compartment spacing of the compartment type cultivation in the step (3) is 60-80 cm.
And (4) performing water and fertilizer management by adopting a drip irrigation pipe adapted to the potted plant through water and fertilizer coupling.
The method for preventing and controlling tobacco mosaic disease in the step (4) comprises timely cleaning infected tobacco plants and cultivation containers.
The tobacco potting method is applied to the potting seed production of tobacco varieties in open air, in greenhouses and in greenhouses, and the potting test of breeding, cultivation, plant protection and baking.
Example 1
(1) Selecting a cultivation container: a cultivation container with the caliber of 30cm, the height of 20cm, 3 drain holes with equal distance at the position 3cm away from the bottom of the container and the aperture of 3mm is selected. The barrel-shaped container is made of plastic, and the wall thickness of the container is 1 mm.
(2) Filling a matrix: the bottom of the container is filled with sand with the thickness of 5cm, and then the sand is filled with culture soil formed by mixing the sand and a commercial tobacco seedling substrate according to the volume ratio of 3:1 to the height of 2 cm lower than the container opening. The sand is mountain sand with the particle size of 0.10-0.25 mm.
(3) And (3) pot plant layout: determining the layout according to the potted plant scale, adopting row spacing cultivation of field plants when the scale does not exceed 1000 plants, and adopting 2-row square matrix box cultivation when the scale exceeds 1000 plants. The compartment spacing of the compartment type cultivation is 60 cm.
(4) And (3) potting management: and (3) performing water and fertilizer management by adopting a water and fertilizer integrated mode of transplanting seedlings under the film and drip irrigation, and preventing and controlling tobacco mosaic disease by using a virus protective agent. The drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration is to adopt a drip irrigation pipe adapted to the potted plant to carry out water and fertilizer management through water and fertilizer coupling. The method for preventing and controlling tobacco mosaic disease comprises timely cleaning infected tobacco plants and cultivation containers.
Example 2
(1) Selecting a cultivation container: a cultivation container with the caliber of 40cm, the height of 25cm, 4 drain holes with equal distance at the position 4cm away from the bottom of the container and the aperture of 4mm is selected. The barrel-shaped container is made of plastic, and the wall thickness of the container is 3 mm.
(2) Filling a matrix: the bottom of the container is filled with sand with the thickness of 6 cm, and then the sand is filled with culture soil formed by mixing the sand and a commercial tobacco seedling substrate according to the volume ratio of 4:1 to the height of 2.5 cm lower than the container opening. The sand is river sand with the particle size of 0.35-0.50 mm.
(3) And (3) pot plant layout: determining the layout according to the potted plant scale, adopting row spacing cultivation of field plants when the scale does not exceed 1000 plants, and adopting 3-row square matrix box type cultivation when the scale exceeds 1000 plants. The compartment spacing of the compartment type cultivation is 70 cm.
(4) And (3) potting management: and (3) performing water and fertilizer management by adopting a water and fertilizer integrated mode of transplanting seedlings under the film and drip irrigation, and preventing and controlling tobacco mosaic disease by using a virus protective agent. The drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration is to adopt a drip irrigation pipe adapted to the potted plant to carry out water and fertilizer management through water and fertilizer coupling. The method for preventing and controlling tobacco mosaic disease comprises timely cleaning infected tobacco plants and cultivation containers.
Example 3
(1) Selecting a cultivation container: a cultivation container with the caliber of 45cm, the height of 30cm, 6 drain holes with equal distance at the position 5cm away from the bottom of the container and the diameter of mm is selected. The barrel-shaped container is made of plastic, and the wall thickness of the container is 5 mm.
(2) Filling a matrix: the bottom of the container is filled with sand with the thickness of 8cm, and then the sand is filled with culture soil formed by mixing the sand and a commercial tobacco seedling substrate according to the volume ratio of 6:1 to the height of 3cm lower than the container opening. The sand is mountain sand with the grain diameter of 0.10-0.25mm and river sand with the grain diameter of 0.35-0.50mm, and the two are mixed according to any proportion.
(3) And (3) pot plant layout: determining the layout according to the potted plant scale, adopting row spacing cultivation of field plants when the scale does not exceed 1000 plants, and adopting 4-row square matrix box type cultivation when the scale exceeds 1000 plants. The compartment spacing of the compartment type cultivation is 80 cm.
(4) And (3) potting management: and (3) performing water and fertilizer management by adopting a water and fertilizer integrated mode of transplanting seedlings under the film and drip irrigation, and preventing and controlling tobacco mosaic disease by using a virus protective agent. The drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration is to adopt a drip irrigation pipe adapted to the potted plant to carry out water and fertilizer management through water and fertilizer coupling. The method for preventing and controlling tobacco mosaic disease comprises timely cleaning infected tobacco plants and cultivation containers.
Claims (6)
1. A tobacco potting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a cultivation container: selecting a cultivation container with the caliber of 30-45 cm, the height of 20-30 cm, 3-6 drain holes with equal intervals at the position 3-5 cm away from the bottom of the container and the aperture of 3-5 mm;
(2) filling a matrix: filling sand with the thickness of 5-8 cm at the bottom of the container, and filling cultivation soil formed by mixing the sand and a commercialized tobacco seedling culture substrate in a volume ratio of 3-6:1 on the sand until the height of the cultivation soil is 2-3 cm lower than the container opening; the sand is mountain sand with the grain diameter of 0.10-0.25mm, or river sand with the grain diameter of 0.35-0.50mm, or a mixture of the two in any proportion; the formula of the tobacco seedling raising matrix comprises 30% of carbonized rice hulls, 30% of grass carbon, 20% of expanded perlite and 20% of vermiculite;
(3) and (3) pot plant layout: determining the layout according to the pot scale, adopting row spacing cultivation of field plants when the scale does not exceed 1000 plants, and adopting square matrix box cultivation of 2-4 rows when the scale exceeds 1000 plants;
(4) and (3) potting management: and (3) performing water and fertilizer management by adopting a water and fertilizer integrated mode of transplanting seedlings under the film and drip irrigation, and preventing and controlling tobacco mosaic disease by using a virus protective agent.
2. A tobacco potting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation container in step (1) is made of plastic and the wall thickness of the container is 1-5 mm.
3. A tobacco potting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compartment spacing of the compartment cultivation in step (3) is 60-80 cm.
4. A tobacco potting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drip irrigation water and fertilizer integration in step (4) is water and fertilizer management by water and fertilizer coupling using drip irrigation pipes adapted to the potting.
5. A tobacco potting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method of preventing and controlling tobacco mosaic disease in step (4) comprises timely cleaning of infected tobacco plants and cultivation containers.
6. The application of the tobacco potting method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the tobacco potting method is applied to open-air and greenhouse plant type tobacco variety potting seed production and potting test for cultivation and baking.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201811369671.XA CN109220681B (en) | 2018-11-17 | 2018-11-17 | Tobacco potting method and application thereof |
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| CN201811369671.XA CN109220681B (en) | 2018-11-17 | 2018-11-17 | Tobacco potting method and application thereof |
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| CN109220681B true CN109220681B (en) | 2021-07-13 |
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| CN109479835A (en) * | 2019-01-18 | 2019-03-19 | 河南省农业科学院烟草研究所 | A kind of reproductive capacity identification method of cigarette aphid on different tobacco breds |
| CN114051917A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-02-18 | 河南省农业科学院烟草研究所 | Tobacco potting method convenient for root washing in seedling stage test and application thereof |
Citations (6)
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| SU1804288A3 (en) * | 1991-05-27 | 1993-03-23 | Пpoизboдctbehho-Bheдpehчeckoe Пpeдпpияtиe "Ижtexиhkom" | Method for nutrient pot production |
| JP2005278410A (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-13 | Kubota Corp | Method for raising seedling and seedling with root ball |
| CN101422122A (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2009-05-06 | 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司 | Cured tobacco seedling-raising sand body matrix, matrix preparation method and seedling raising method using the same |
| CN101978819A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2011-02-23 | 湖北省烟草公司十堰市公司 | Cured tobacco seedling-culturing matrix formula and using method thereof |
| CN103964967A (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2014-08-06 | 湖南省湘晖农业技术开发有限公司 | Rice hull based floatation seedling nursing matrix for flue-cured tobacco and supporting seedling nursing nutrient solution thereof |
| CN104920104A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-23 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Planting bed for potting tobacco and using method thereof and application in tobacco seedling planting |
-
2018
- 2018-11-17 CN CN201811369671.XA patent/CN109220681B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1804288A3 (en) * | 1991-05-27 | 1993-03-23 | Пpoизboдctbehho-Bheдpehчeckoe Пpeдпpияtиe "Ижtexиhkom" | Method for nutrient pot production |
| JP2005278410A (en) * | 2004-03-26 | 2005-10-13 | Kubota Corp | Method for raising seedling and seedling with root ball |
| CN101422122A (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2009-05-06 | 云南省烟草公司玉溪市公司 | Cured tobacco seedling-raising sand body matrix, matrix preparation method and seedling raising method using the same |
| CN101978819A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2011-02-23 | 湖北省烟草公司十堰市公司 | Cured tobacco seedling-culturing matrix formula and using method thereof |
| CN103964967A (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2014-08-06 | 湖南省湘晖农业技术开发有限公司 | Rice hull based floatation seedling nursing matrix for flue-cured tobacco and supporting seedling nursing nutrient solution thereof |
| CN104920104A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-09-23 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Planting bed for potting tobacco and using method thereof and application in tobacco seedling planting |
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