CN109197502B - Method for cultivating blanket-shaped seedlings of hot peppers - Google Patents
Method for cultivating blanket-shaped seedlings of hot peppers Download PDFInfo
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- CN109197502B CN109197502B CN201810882903.5A CN201810882903A CN109197502B CN 109197502 B CN109197502 B CN 109197502B CN 201810882903 A CN201810882903 A CN 201810882903A CN 109197502 B CN109197502 B CN 109197502B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/02—Transplanting machines for seedlings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating blanket-shaped seedlings of hot peppers, which comprises the following steps: the method for cultivating blanket-shaped seedlings of hot peppers can cultivate high-density blanket-shaped hot pepper seedlings, ensures that the seedlings are strong and aligned, and leads the seedlings to be connected with root systems through substrates to form a blanket-shaped whole body which can be transplanted by a jack-type high-speed transplanter; according to the method for cultivating the blanket-shaped seedlings of the peppers, more than 1000 seedlings can be cultivated in each tray, only 3-4 seedling trays are needed for transplanting one mu, 140 seedling trays are saved compared with the traditional pot seedling cultivation, the seedling cultivation land occupation is saved, and the land production benefit is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural seedling raising, in particular to a method for cultivating blanket-shaped seedlings of hot peppers.
Background
The quality of seedlings is a key for measuring a seedling raising technology, strong seedlings refer to vegetable seedling groups with yield increasing potential, a good seedling quality foundation can be laid for high quality and high yield of vegetables, the seedling quality foundation is usually measured in the aspects of proper seedling age, neat growth, no plant diseases and insect pests, good seedling quality and the like, at present, pepper seedlings are generally raised into bowl-shaped seedlings, the seedling raising method can only adopt a hanging cup type transplanter during mechanical transplanting, needs manual seedling throwing, has large workload and low operation efficiency, and cannot fully exert the advantages of modern agricultural equipment; and the pepper pot seedlings are raised, the maximum number of seedlings per tray is 200, 150 hole trays are needed for transplanting one mu, and a large amount of land is occupied.
In the traditional pepper seedling culture, the main functions of bed soil are supporting action and providing reasonable nutrition for pepper, and in the blanket-shaped seedling culture, the bed soil becomes a main carrier of the blanket-shaped seedling, so that reasonable nutritional ingredients are provided for the pepper seedling, the formation quality of the blanket-shaped seedling and the seedling taking quality of a machine during transplanting are directly influenced by the physical structure of the bed soil, and the root of the pepper seedling is a straight root system, the number of the root is small, the strength is small, so that the blanket-shaped seedling with enough root strength is difficult to form in simple soil, if the root system strength of the seedling is not enough, the seedling is easy to crack in the seedling taking and loading process from a seedling tray, and because the simple soil structure is loose, the seedling soil is easy to fall from the root system during seedling taking at a transplanting head, the amount of root tying soil is small, the survival after transplanting is slow, and the seedling recovering time is long.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention aims to provide a method for cultivating blanket seedlings of hot peppers.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating blanket-shaped seedlings of hot peppers comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing sterilized nutrient soil: selecting soil on which solanaceae crops are not planted in the first 2-3 years, adding 1-2 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.02-0.04 g of borax, 5-25 g of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1-2 kg of plant ash, 50-80 kg of cottonseed hull waste mushroom material and 3-8 kg of lignocellulose into per cubic meter of soil, and uniformly mixing to obtain nutrient soil; diluting 50% carbendazim by 1000 times with water, and then mixing the carbendazim and the nutrient soil according to the mass ratio of 5-6 g:100kg, evenly stirring, and sealing with a membrane for 2-3 days to obtain sterilized nutrient soil;
(2) loading a plate: filling the sterilized nutrient soil into a seedling tray, wherein the height of the seedling tray is 3-5 mm lower than the tray opening, leveling, watering until the seedling tray is saturated, and draining excess water from a drain hole for later use;
(3) seed treatment: the coated seeds are adopted, and the seeds are directly sown without treatment; uncoated seeds, treated by the following steps: the seeds are aired for 2 to 3 days before sowing, then soaked in 10 percent trisodium phosphate or 1000 times of potassium permanganate solution for 15 to 25 minutes, fished out, washed by clear water, put into water with the temperature of 55 to 60 ℃, stirred for 10 to 15 minutes, naturally cooled, washed by hands, removed of mucilage on the surfaces of the seeds and aired for later use;
(4) sowing: adopting manual or mechanical precision positioning seeding, wherein the seeding density is 1100-1200 seeds/tray, uniformly distributing seedling trays, and then covering 2-3 mm of sterilized nutrient soil with the water content of 40-50%;
(5) stacking and preserving soil moisture: stacking the sowed seedling trays layer by layer to 20-40 layers, covering the uppermost layer with a plastic film, controlling the distance between every two adjacent rows of seedling trays to be 5-10 cm, controlling the temperature to be 25-28 ℃ and controlling the humidity to be 80-90%;
(6) arranging trays and supplementing soil moisture: when 20-30% of the sprouts in the seedling tray are exposed with white topsoil, moving the seedling tray to a seedling raising field, placing the seedling tray, and supplementing water to the place with water shortage;
(7) transplanting: transplanting the seedlings with soil when the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm, the leaves are 3-5 and the stem thickness is 0.2-0.4 cm, and watering enough root fixing water one day before transplanting.
Preferably, fertilizer management is carried out in the seedling growth process, and specifically, urea aqueous solution with mass concentration of 0.1-0.5% is sprayed in the seedling leaf stage and before transplanting; spraying monopotassium phosphate with the mass concentration of 0.1-0.2% and 500 times of foliar fertilizer in the three-leaf period.
Preferably, the pepper blanket type seedling raising density is high, in order to prevent weak seedlings from defoliating in high temperature, 0.4-1.2 ml of 250g/L mepiquat chloride (mepiquat chloride) is used in a two-leaf period, 20 kg of water is added, and the pepper is sprayed once.
Preferably, temperature management is carried out in the seedling growth process, specifically, the temperature in the daytime is 20-30 ℃, the temperature at night is 15-20 ℃, and the temperature difference between day and night is 5-10 ℃.
Preferably, the illumination management is carried out in the seedling growing process, and specifically, the illumination time per day is 7-8 hours.
Preferably, 70% methyl is used when damping-off and damping-off occur in the seedlingsThe thiophanate or the Henheng No. 1 is used for preventing and treating, wherein the dosage of 70 percent of thiophanate methyl is 4 to 6g/m 2 The dosage of the Luheng No. 1 is 3 to 4g/m 2 。
Preferably, when the seedlings have insect pests, the following measures are taken: spraying 2000-4000 times of 50% pirimiphos wettable powder at the initial stage of insect attack; when more than or equal to 5 percent of plants are attacked by pests, 3000 times of deltamethrin, 10 percent of dichlorflufen or 20 percent of fast-killing butyl missible oil is used for spray control.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the method for cultivating blanket-shaped seedlings of hot pepper can cultivate high-density blanket-shaped hot pepper seedlings, the strong seedlings are uniform, the seedlings are connected with each other through the matrix and the root system to form a blanket-shaped whole body, the blanket-shaped whole body can be transplanted by a claw-inserting type high-speed transplanter, and during transplanting, the seedlings do not need to be sent by extra manpower except a driver, so that the manpower is saved, the labor intensity can be greatly reduced, the operation efficiency is improved, and the high-density large-scale production of the hot pepper in the field is realized; according to the method for cultivating the blanket-shaped seedlings of the peppers, more than 1000 seedlings can be cultivated in each tray, only 3-4 seedling trays are needed for transplanting one mu, 140 seedling trays are saved compared with the traditional pot seedling cultivation, the seedling cultivation land occupation is saved, and the land production benefit is improved;
according to the method for cultivating blanket seedlings of hot peppers, the sterilization nutrient soil is adopted, firstly, decomposed organic fertilizer and plant ash are beneficial to soil to form a micelle structure, the contents of mineral substances and potash fertilizer in the soil can be increased, and due to the existence of cotton seed skin waste mushroom materials and lignocellulose, the quantity and strength of roots of the hot pepper seedlings can be made up, so that the roots of the hot pepper seedlings can be connected to form a connecting link between the soil and the root system, and the formation of high-quality blanket seedlings is facilitated; secondly, the sterilization nutrient soil can play a better supporting role and provide sufficient nutrition for the pepper seedlings, so that the pepper seedlings have high root strength and large quantity, are not easy to crack in the process of taking and loading the seedlings from a seedling tray, have compact soil structure, are not easy to fall off from root systems when the seedlings are taken from a seedling transplanting head, have small soil carrying amount of the root systems, and are quick to survive after being transplanted and short in seedling reviving time; thirdly, because the density of seedling raising in a seedling tray is far greater than that of seedling raising in a seedling bed, germs carried in soil are easy to propagate, and in addition, because the density is large, the resistance of pepper seedlings is reduced, so that the seedling death phenomenon is easy to occur.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating blanket-shaped seedlings of hot peppers, which is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating blanket-shaped seedlings of hot peppers comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing sterilized nutrient soil: selecting soil on which solanaceae crops are not planted in the first 2-3 years, adding 1-2 kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.02-0.04 g of borax, 5-25 g of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1-2 kg of plant ash, 50-80 kg of cotton seed peel waste mushroom material and 3-8 kg of lignocellulose into each cubic meter of soil, and uniformly mixing to obtain nutrient soil; diluting 50% carbendazim by 1000 times with water, and then mixing the carbendazim and the nutrient soil according to the mass ratio of 5-6 g: mixing 100kg of the components, uniformly stirring, and sealing with a membrane for 2-3 days to obtain sterilized nutrient soil;
(2) loading a plate: filling the sterilized nutrient soil into a seedling tray, wherein the height of the seedling tray is 3-5 mm lower than the tray opening, leveling, watering until the seedling tray is saturated, and draining excess water from a drain hole for later use;
(3) seed treatment: the seed quality purity is more than 90%, the purity is more than 98%, the germination rate is more than 95%, and if the coated seeds are adopted, the seeds are not required to be treated and are directly sown; if uncoated seeds are used, the following steps are adopted for treatment: the seeds are aired for 2 to 3 days before being sown, then are soaked in 10 percent trisodium phosphate or 1000 times of potassium permanganate solution for 15 to 25 minutes, fished out and cleaned by clean water, then are put into water with the temperature of 55 to 60 ℃, are stirred for 10 to 15 minutes and then are naturally cooled, and the seeds are scrubbed to remove mucilage on the surfaces of the seeds and are aired for standby;
(4) sowing: adopting manual or mechanical precision positioning seeding, wherein the seeding density is 1100-1200 seeds/tray, uniformly distributing the seedling trays, then covering sterilized nutrient soil with the water content of 40-50% for 2-3 mm, preferably covering seeds as shallow as possible, having uniform thickness, watering a small amount of covered soil, uniformly stirring, wherein the water content is about 40-50% of the maximum water holding capacity, and the hand feeling is moist, and the seedling is well agglomerated by holding with hands and loosened by loosening;
(5) stacking and preserving soil moisture: stacking the sowed seedling trays layer by layer to 20-40 layers, covering the uppermost layer with a plastic film, controlling the distance between every two adjacent rows of seedling trays to be 5-10 cm, controlling the temperature to be 25-28 ℃ and controlling the humidity to be 80-90%; the process can be carried out in a germination room or a greenhouse;
(6) placing a plate and supplementing soil moisture: when 20-30% of the sprouts in the seedling tray are exposed with white topsoil, moving the seedling tray to a seedling raising field, placing the seedling tray, and supplementing water to the place with water shortage;
(7) transplanting: transplanting the seedlings with soil when the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm, the leaves are 3-5 and the stem thickness is 0.2-0.4 cm, and watering enough root fixing water one day before transplanting.
Preferably, fertilizer management is carried out in the seedling growth process, and specifically, urea aqueous solution with mass concentration of 0.1-0.5% is sprayed in the seedling leaf stage and before transplanting; spraying monopotassium phosphate with the mass concentration of 0.1-0.2% and 500 times of foliar fertilizer in the trefoil stage; keeping sufficient moisture in the growth process of the seedlings, watering when the seedlings are dry, thoroughly watering when the seedlings are watered, and exhausting air and moisture after watering;
preferably, the pepper blanket type seedling raising density is high, in order to prevent weak seedlings from defoliating in high temperature, 0.4-1.2 ml of 250g/L mepiquat chloride (mepiquat chloride) is used in a two-leaf period, 20 kg of water is added, and the pepper is sprayed once.
Preferably, temperature management is carried out in the seedling growth process, specifically, the hot pepper likes high temperature, but ventilation is carried out in the daytime according to the condition in the seedling growing process, the relative humidity of air is reduced, carbon dioxide is supplemented, and seedlings are hardened to enhance resistance, so that the seedlings are strong; the daytime temperature is 20-30 ℃, the nighttime temperature is 15-20 ℃, and the day and night temperature difference is 5-10 ℃.
Preferably, illumination management is carried out in the seedling growth process, and specifically, the illumination time per day is 7-8 hours; in winter, seedlings need to be fully exposed to light, and the illumination in the shed is increased, such as supplementary illumination of agricultural fluorescent lamps, biological effect lamps or arc lamps and the like; in summer, seedlings are prevented from being directly irradiated by sunlight, and a sunshade net is unfolded from 11 to 15 points to shade in a sunny day.
Preferably, when damping-off and damping-off occur in seedlings, 70 percent thiophanate methyl or Henheng No. 1 is used for preventing and treating,wherein the dosage of 70 percent thiophanate methyl is 4 to 6g/m 2 The dosage of the Luheng No. 1 is 3 to 4g/m 2 。
Preferably, when the seedlings have insect pests, the following measures are taken: the 50% pirimiphos wettable powder is sprayed by 2000-4000 times of liquid for prevention and treatment at the early stage of insect damage; when more than or equal to 5 percent of plants are attacked by pests, 3000 times of deltamethrin, 10 percent of deltamethrin or 20 percent of fast-killing butyl missible oil is used for spray control.
In the process of seedling culture, a seedling culture place is selected from a plastic greenhouse or a greenhouse which is provided with a temperature rise and reduction system, a sun-shading curtain system, a light supplement system, a ventilation system and an irrigation system, and has good temperature and humidity regulation performance and good tightness. The method is characterized in that unconditional land is selected, land blocks with flat and open terrain, good illumination, smooth ventilation and convenient drainage are selected, a simple arched shed with a steel frame or bamboo-wood structure is erected, the width is generally 6m, the height is generally 8m, the length and the area size can be adjusted according to the seedling scale, and the arched shed is covered with a film, a sunshade net, an insect-proof net, a suspended yellow plate, a suspended blue plate and the like according to the seedling season.
The seedling tray is selected from a hard rice seedling tray with the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the height multiplied by 58cm multiplied by 28cm multiplied by 3cm, and drain holes are uniformly distributed at the bottom.
The invention is further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A method for cultivating blanket-shaped seedlings of hot peppers comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing sterilized nutrient soil: selecting soil on which solanaceae crops are not planted in the first 2-3 years, adding 1kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.02g of borax, 5g of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1kg of plant ash, 50kg of cottonseed hull waste mushroom material and 3kg of lignocellulose into per cubic meter of soil, and uniformly mixing to obtain nutrient soil; diluting 50% carbendazim by 1000 times with water, and then mixing the carbendazim and the nutrient soil according to the mass ratio of 5g: mixing at a ratio of 100kg, stirring, and sealing with membrane for 2 days to obtain sterilized nutrient soil;
(2) loading a plate: filling the sterilized nutrient soil into a seedling tray, wherein the height of the seedling tray is 3mm lower than the tray opening, leveling, watering until the seedling tray is saturated, and discharging redundant water through a drain hole for later use;
(3) seed treatment: the coated seeds are adopted, and the seeds are directly sown without treatment; uncoated seeds, treated by the following steps: airing the seeds for 2 days before sowing, then soaking the seeds in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 15 minutes, fishing out the seeds, washing the seeds with clear water, putting the seeds into water at 55 ℃, stirring the seeds for 10 minutes, naturally cooling the seeds, rubbing the seeds to remove mucilage on the surfaces of the seeds, and airing the seeds for later use;
(4) sowing: adopting manual or mechanical precision positioning seeding, wherein the seeding density is 1100 seeds/tray, uniformly distributing the seedling trays, and then covering 2mm of sterilized nutrient soil with the water content of 40%;
(5) stacking and preserving soil moisture: stacking the sowed seedling trays layer by layer to 20 layers, covering the uppermost layer with a plastic film, controlling the distance between every two adjacent rows of seedling trays to be 5cm, controlling the temperature to be 25-28 ℃ and controlling the humidity to be 80-90%;
(6) arranging trays and supplementing soil moisture: when 20-30% of the sprouts in the seedling tray are exposed with white topsoil, moving the seedling tray to a seedling raising field, placing the seedling tray, and supplementing water to the place with water shortage;
(7) transplanting: transplanting the seedlings with soil when the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm, the leaves are 3-5 and the stem thickness is 0.2-0.4 cm, and watering enough root fixing water one day before transplanting.
Example 2
A method for cultivating blanket-shaped seedlings of hot peppers comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing sterilized nutrient soil: selecting soil on which solanaceae crops are not planted in the first 2-3 years, adding 2kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.04g of borax, 25g of decomposed organic fertilizer, 2kg of plant ash, 80kg of cotton seed hull waste mushroom material and 8kg of lignocellulose into each cubic meter of soil, and uniformly mixing to obtain nutrient soil; diluting 50% carbendazim by 1000 times with water, and then mixing the carbendazim and the nutrient soil according to the mass ratio of 6g: mixing at a ratio of 100kg, stirring, and sealing with membrane for 3 days to obtain sterilized nutrient soil;
(2) loading a plate: filling the sterilized nutrient soil into a seedling tray, wherein the height of the seedling tray is 5mm lower than the tray opening, leveling, watering until the seedling tray is saturated, and draining redundant water from a drain hole for later use;
(3) seed treatment: the coated seeds are adopted, and the seeds are directly sown without treatment; uncoated seeds, treated by the following steps: drying the seeds in the sun for 2-3 days before sowing, then soaking the seeds in 1000 times of potassium permanganate solution for 25 minutes, fishing out the seeds, cleaning the seeds with clear water, putting the seeds into water at 60 ℃, stirring the seeds for 15 minutes, naturally cooling the seeds, rubbing the seeds to remove mucilage on the surfaces of the seeds, and airing the seeds for later use;
(4) sowing: adopting manual or mechanical precision positioning seeding, wherein the seeding density is 1200 seeds/tray, the seedling trays are uniformly distributed, and then sterilized nutrient soil with the water content of 40-50% is covered for 2-3 mm;
(5) stacking and preserving soil moisture: stacking the sowed seedling trays layer by layer to 40 layers, covering the uppermost layer with a plastic film, controlling the distance between every two adjacent rows of seedling trays to be 10cm, controlling the temperature to be 25-28 ℃ and controlling the humidity to be 80-90%;
(6) placing a plate and supplementing soil moisture: when 20-30% of the sprouts in the seedling tray are exposed with white topsoil, moving the seedling tray to a seedling raising field, placing the seedling tray, and supplementing water to the place with water shortage;
(7) transplanting: transplanting the seedlings with soil when the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm, the leaves are 3-5 and the stem thickness is 0.2-0.4 cm, and watering enough root fixing water one day before transplanting.
Example 3
A method for cultivating blanket-shaped seedlings of hot peppers comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing sterilized nutrient soil: selecting soil on which solanaceae crops are not planted in the first 2-3 years, adding 1.5kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.03g of borax, 15g of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1.5kg of plant ash, 60kg of cotton seed peel waste mushroom material and 5kg of lignocellulose into each cubic meter of soil, and uniformly mixing to obtain nutrient soil; diluting 50% carbendazim by 1000 times with water, and then mixing the carbendazim and the nutrient soil according to the mass ratio of 5.5g: mixing at a ratio of 100kg, stirring, and sealing with membrane for 2.5 days to obtain sterilized nutrient soil;
(2) loading a plate: filling the sterilized nutrient soil into a seedling tray, wherein the height of the seedling tray is 4mm lower than the tray opening, leveling, watering until the seedling tray is saturated, and draining redundant water from a drain hole for later use;
(3) seed treatment: the coated seeds are adopted, do not need to be treated and are directly sown; uncoated seeds, treated by the following steps: the seeds are aired for 2-3 days before sowing, then soaked in 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 minutes, fished out, washed by clean water, put into water at 58 ℃, stirred for 12 minutes, naturally cooled, washed by hands to remove mucilage on the surfaces of the seeds, and aired for later use;
(4) sowing: adopting manual or mechanical precision positioning seeding, wherein the seeding density is 1150 grains/tray, uniformly distributing the seedling trays, and then covering 2-3 mm of sterilized nutrient soil with the water content of 45%;
(5) stacking and preserving soil moisture: stacking the sowed seedling trays layer by layer to 30 layers, covering the uppermost layer with a plastic film, controlling the distance between every two adjacent rows of seedling trays to be 8cm, controlling the temperature to be 25-28 ℃ and controlling the humidity to be 80-90%;
(6) arranging trays and supplementing soil moisture: when 20-30% of the sprouts in the seedling tray are exposed with white topsoil, moving the seedling tray to a seedling raising field, placing the seedling tray, and supplementing water to the place with water shortage;
temperature management is carried out in the seedling growth process, specifically, the temperature in the daytime is 20 ℃, the temperature at night is 15 ℃, and the temperature difference between day and night is 5 ℃;
because the density of the pepper blanket type seedling is high, in order to prevent weak seedlings from defoliating when meeting high temperature, 250g/L of mepiquat chloride (mepiquat chloride) 0.4 ml is used in the two-leaf period, 20 kg of water is added, and the pepper blanket type seedling is sprayed once;
performing illumination management in the seedling growth process, wherein the illumination time is 7-8 hours every day;
(7) transplanting: transplanting the seedlings with soil when the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm, the leaves are 3-5 and the stem thickness is 0.2-0.4 cm, and watering enough root fixing water one day before transplanting.
Example 4
A method for cultivating blanket-shaped seedlings of hot peppers comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing sterilized nutrient soil: selecting soil on which solanaceae crops are not planted in the first 2-3 years, adding 1.2kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.03g of borax, 15g of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1.2kg of plant ash, 70kg of cottonseed hull waste mushroom material and 5kg of lignocellulose into per cubic meter of soil, and uniformly mixing to obtain nutrient soil; diluting 50% carbendazim by 1000 times with water, and then mixing the carbendazim and the nutrient soil according to the mass ratio of 5.2g: mixing at a ratio of 100kg, stirring, and sealing with membrane for 3 days to obtain sterilized nutrient soil;
(2) loading a disc: filling the sterilized nutrient soil into a seedling tray, wherein the height of the seedling tray is 5mm lower than the tray opening, leveling, watering until the seedling tray is saturated, and draining redundant water from a drain hole for later use;
(3) seed treatment: the coated seeds are adopted, and the seeds are directly sown without treatment; uncoated seeds, treated by the following steps: airing the seeds for 3 days before sowing, then soaking the seeds for 18 minutes by using 1000 times of potassium permanganate solution, fishing out the seeds, cleaning the seeds by using clear water, then putting the seeds into water at the temperature of 55-60 ℃, stirring the seeds for 14 minutes, naturally cooling the seeds, rubbing the seeds to remove mucilage on the surfaces of the seeds, and airing the seeds for later use;
(4) sowing: adopting manual or mechanical precision positioning seeding, wherein the seeding density is 1180 grains/tray, uniformly distributing the seedling trays, and then covering 2.6mm of sterilized nutrient soil with the water content of 40-50%;
(5) stacking and preserving soil moisture: stacking the sowed seedling trays layer by layer to 25 layers, covering the uppermost layer with a plastic film, controlling the distance between every two adjacent rows of seedling trays to be 8cm, controlling the temperature to be 25-28 ℃ and controlling the humidity to be 80-90%;
(6) arranging trays and supplementing soil moisture: when 20-30% of the sprouts in the seedling tray expose white topsoil, moving the seedling tray to a seedling raising field, placing the seedling tray, and supplementing water to a place with water shortage;
managing fertilizers in the growth process of the seedlings, specifically, spraying urea aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.1-0.5% in the first leaf stage of the seedlings and before transplanting; spraying monopotassium phosphate with the mass concentration of 0.1-0.2% and 500 times of foliar fertilizer in the three-leaf period; because the carpet type seedling raising density of the pepper is high, in order to prevent weak seedlings from being detached at high temperature, 1.2 ml of 250g/L mepiquat chloride (mepiquat chloride) is used in the two-leaf period, and 20 kg of water is added for spraying once.
Temperature management is carried out in the seedling growth process, specifically, the temperature in the daytime is 20-30 ℃, the temperature at night is 15-20 ℃, and the temperature difference between day and night is 5-10 ℃;
performing illumination management in the seedling growth process, wherein the illumination time is 7-8 hours every day;
(7) transplanting: transplanting the seedlings with soil when the height of the seedlings is 15-20 cm, the leaves are 3-5 and the stem thickness is 0.2-0.4 cm, and watering enough root fixing water one day before transplanting.
The blanket-shaped seedlings of hot pepper of examples 1 to 4 did not have damping-off or damping-off during the growth process, if they were being raisedWhen damping-off and damping-off occur in the seedling process, 70 percent of thiophanate methyl or Henheng No. 1 is used for preventing and treating, wherein the dosage of the 70 percent of thiophanate methyl is 4 to 6g/m 2 The dosage of the Luheng No. 1 is 3 to 4g/m 2 。
The pepper blanket seedlings of the embodiments 1 to 4 do not have insect pests in the growth process, and if the insect pests occur, the insect pests are prevented and controlled by spraying 2000 to 4000 times of liquid of 50 percent pirimiphos wettable powder in the initial stage; when more than or equal to 5 percent of plants are attacked by pests, 3000 times of deltamethrin, 10 percent of dichlorflufen or 20 percent of fast-killing butyl missible oil is used for spray control.
The pepper seedling raising method of examples 1 to 4 was used to measure the germination percentage, weak plant percentage, strong seedling index and transplant survival rate of pepper seedlings (pepper seedling raising test was performed with 200 seeds), wherein the strong seedling index was calculated as the stem thickness/plant height × the dry weight of the whole plant. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 Chili seedling germination and seedling rate, weak plant rate and strong seedling index results table
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | |
| Germination and seedling rate | 91％ | 92％ | 94％ | 93％ |
| Weak plant rate | 5.5％ | 4.3％ | 4.2％ | 5.4％ |
| Seedling strengthening index | 0.0304 | 0.0315 | 0.0325 | 0.0345 |
| Survival rate of transplantation | 95％ | 96％ | 95％ | 98％ |
As can be seen from the results in Table 1, the germination and seedling rate of the pepper blanket seedling raising method can reach more than 90 percent and is obviously higher than 80 percent of the conventional seedling raising method; and the weak plant rate is low, the strong seedling index is high, and the transplanting survival rate is high.
Claims (1)
1. A method for cultivating blanket-shaped seedlings of hot peppers is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing sterilized nutrient soil: selecting soil in which the solanaceae crops are not planted in the first 2 to 3 years, adding 1 to 2kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 0.02 to 0.04g of borax, 5 to 25g of decomposed organic fertilizer, 1 to 2kg of plant ash, 50 to 80kg of cottonseed hull waste mushroom material and 3 to 8kg of lignocellulose into per cubic meter of soil, and uniformly mixing to obtain nutrient soil; diluting 50% carbendazim by 1000 times with water, and then mixing the carbendazim and nutrient soil according to the mass ratio of 5-6 g: mixing the materials according to a proportion of 100kg, uniformly stirring the materials, and sealing the materials by using a film for 2 to 3 days to obtain sterilized nutrient soil;
(2) loading a plate: filling the sterilized nutrient soil into a seedling tray, wherein the height of the sterilized nutrient soil is 3-5 mm lower than the tray opening, scraping, watering until the sterilized nutrient soil is saturated, and draining excessive water from a drain hole for later use;
(3) seed treatment: the coated seeds are adopted, do not need to be treated and are directly sown; uncoated seeds, treated by the following steps: airing the seeds for 2 to 3 days before sowing, then soaking the seeds in 10 percent trisodium phosphate or 1000 times of potassium permanganate solution for 15 to 25 minutes, taking out the seeds, washing the seeds with clear water, then putting the seeds into water with the temperature of 55 to 60 ℃, stirring the mixture for 10 to 15 minutes, then naturally cooling the mixture, rubbing the seeds to remove mucilage on the surfaces of the seeds, and airing the seeds for later use;
(4) sowing: carrying out precision positioning seeding by adopting manpower or machinery, wherein the seeding density is 1100 to 1200 grains/tray, uniformly distributing the seedling tray, and then covering 2 to 3mm of sterilization nutrient soil with the water content of 40 to 50 percent;
(5) stacking and preserving soil moisture: stacking the sowed seedling trays layer by layer to 20-40 layers, covering the uppermost layer with a plastic film, controlling the distance between every two adjacent rows of seedling trays to be 5-10cm, controlling the temperature to be 25-28 ℃ and controlling the humidity to be 80-90%;
(6) arranging trays and supplementing soil moisture: when 20 to 30 percent of sprouts in the seedling tray are exposed with white topsoil, moving the seedling tray to a seedling raising field, placing the seedling tray, and replenishing water to a place with water shortage;
managing fertilizers in the growth process of the seedlings, and specifically spraying urea aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 0.1 to 0.5 percent in the one-leaf period of the seedlings and before transplanting; spraying monopotassium phosphate with the mass concentration of 0.1 to 0.2 percent and 500 times of foliar fertilizer in the trefoil stage;
managing in the growth process of seedlings, specifically, using 0.4 to 1.2 ml of 250g/L mepiquat chloride in a two-leaf period, adding 20 kg of water, and spraying once;
temperature management is carried out in the growth process of seedlings, specifically, the temperature in the daytime is 20 to 30 ℃, the temperature at night is 15 to 20 ℃, and the temperature difference between the day and the night is 5 to 10 ℃;
carrying out illumination management in the seedling growing process, wherein the illumination time per day is 7 to 8 hours;
when damping-off and damping-off occur in seedlings, 70% thiophanate methyl or Henheng No. 1 is used for preventing and treating, wherein the using dose of the 70% thiophanate methyl is 4-6 g/m 2 The dosage of Luheng No. 1 is 3 to 4g/m 2 ；
When the seedlings have insect pests, the following measures are taken: the 50% pirimiphos wettable powder is sprayed by 2000-4000 times of liquid for prevention and treatment at the early stage of insect damage; when more than or equal to 5 percent of plants are attacked by pests, 3000 times of deltamethrin, 10 percent of dichlorflufen or 20 percent of fast-killing butyl missible oil is used for spray control;
(7) transplanting: transplanting the seedlings with soil when the plant height is 15 to 20cm, leaves are 3 to 5 and stems are 0.2 to 0.4cm, and sufficiently watering root fixing water one day before transplanting.
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