CN109183186A - 一种阻燃性能好的聚氨酯纤维的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种阻燃性能好的聚氨酯纤维的制备方法，主要步骤包括：提取原料，所述原料包括聚氨酯溶液、阻燃剂、催化剂；原料混合，将所述聚氨酯溶液、阻燃剂、催化剂按比例进行混合搅拌，获得阻燃型聚氨酯溶液；纺丝，通过高压静电纺丝技术，对所述阻燃型聚氨酯溶液进行纺丝，获得阻燃型聚氨酯纤维；涂膜风干，在所述阻燃型聚氨酯纤维表面涂覆一层阻燃膜，风干后获得成品。通过上述方式，本发明能够有效的提高聚氨酯纤维的阻燃性能，从材料内部阻燃性能和外表阻燃性能两方面着手，双管齐下，双重保障，使得聚氨酯纤维的阻燃效果进一步提高，克服一般聚氨酯纤维阻燃性能低下的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯纤维制备领域，特别是涉及一种阻燃性能好的聚氨酯纤维的制备方法。
背景技术
近年来，我国聚氨酯市场的需求量大幅提高，需求量急剧增长，但是，聚氨酯溶液在未经阻燃处理的情况下具有可燃性，并且因为聚氨酯溶液的制备过程中会添加助剂，所以在聚氨酯的燃烧过程中会释放大量有毒气体，容易造成人员中毒和伤亡，近年来，聚氨酯溶液的火灾事故频繁发生，造成了大量的财产损失和人员伤亡，因此对聚氨酯纤维的阻燃性能的研究迫在眉睫。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种阻燃性能好的聚氨酯纤维的制备方法，能够有效的提高聚氨酯纤维的阻燃性能，从材料内部阻燃性能和外表阻燃性能两方面着手，双管齐下，双重保障，使得聚氨酯纤维的阻燃效果进一步提高，克服一般聚氨酯纤维阻燃性能低下的问题。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的一个技术方案是：提供一种阻燃性能好的聚氨酯纤维的制备方法，主要步骤包括：提取原料，所述原料包括聚氨酯溶液、阻燃剂、催化剂；原料混合，将所述聚氨酯溶液、阻燃剂、催化剂按比例进行混合搅拌，获得阻燃型聚氨酯溶液；纺丝，通过高压静电纺丝技术，对所述阻燃型聚氨酯溶液进行纺丝，获得阻燃型聚氨酯纤维；涂膜风干，在所述阻燃型聚氨酯纤维表面涂覆一层阻燃膜，风干后获得成品。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，所述阻燃剂成分为甲基膦酸二甲酯和乙二醇。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，所述催化剂材料为二乙醇胺。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，所述聚氨酯溶液、阻燃剂、催化剂的配比为80:13:6。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，所述原料混合阶段温度控制在40℃到45℃。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中，所述阻燃膜材料为纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锌。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明有效的提高聚氨酯纤维的阻燃性能，从材料内部阻燃性能和外表阻燃性能两方面着手，双管齐下，双重保障，使得聚氨酯纤维的阻燃效果进一步提高，克服一般聚氨酯纤维阻燃性能低下的问题。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的较佳实施例进行详细阐述，以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解，从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。
本发明实施例包括：
一种阻燃性能好的聚氨酯纤维的制备方法，主要步骤包括：提取原料，所述原料包括聚氨酯溶液、阻燃剂、催化剂；原料混合，将所述聚氨酯溶液、阻燃剂、催化剂按比例进行混合搅拌，获得阻燃型聚氨酯溶液；纺丝，通过高压静电纺丝技术，对所述阻燃型聚氨酯溶液进行纺丝，获得阻燃型聚氨酯纤维；涂膜风干，在所述阻燃型聚氨酯纤维表面涂覆一层阻燃膜，风干后获得成品。
进一步说明，所述阻燃剂成分为甲基膦酸二甲酯和乙二醇。采用甲基膦酸二甲酯和乙二醇制得的阻燃剂，其在与聚氨酯溶液反应后获得的聚氨酯硬泡具有很好的力学性能和阻燃性能，残炭率相对其他阻燃剂更高，且隔热性能良好，尺寸稳定性能也较优。
再进一步说明，所述催化剂材料为二乙醇胺。二乙醇胺的加入，能够有效加快聚氨酯溶液和阻燃剂的反应，提高聚氨酯硬泡的获得率，同时，能够在一定程度上提高聚氨酯纤维的氧指数含量，从而降低材料的可燃性。
再进一步说明，所述聚氨酯溶液、阻燃剂、催化剂的配比为80:13:6。经研究试验发现，当聚氨酯溶液、阻燃剂、催化剂的配比为80:13:6时，所得的混合液内的聚氨酯硬泡无论力学性能、阻燃性能、尺寸稳定性能还是隔热性能，都达到了最佳效果。其氧指数可以达到28.7%，可燃性急剧降低。
再进一步说明，所述原料混合阶段温度控制在40℃到45℃。在40℃到45℃温度环境下，聚氨酯溶液、阻燃剂、催化剂的反应情况最佳，速率最快，能够保证质量的同时确保反应速度，从而提高产品的生产效率。
更进一步说明，采用高压静电纺丝技术对阻燃型聚氨酯溶液进行纺丝，高压静电纺丝技术是利用高压静电场对高分子溶液的击穿作用来制备纳微米纤维材料的方法，其基本原理是在喷射装置和接收装置间施加上万伏的静电场，从纺丝液的锥体端部形成射流，并在电场中被拉伸，最终在接收装置上形成无纺状态的纳米纤维。通过高压静电纺丝技术纺制成的阻燃型聚氨酯纤维，直径更加均匀，能够有效确保纤维的拉伸强度和韧性，能够有效提高纤维的使用寿命。
更进一步说明，所述阻燃膜材料为纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锌。纳米金属材料在燃烧过程中，在表面会形成一种致密的阻隔层即含有纳米结构的无机碳层，可以有效减少聚氨酯材料在热解过程中可燃性物质的含量，促进不燃性物质的生成，提高纤维燃烧时的残碳量，降低材料进一步燃烧的可能性，纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锌则是金属纳米氧化物中提高聚氨酯材料阻燃性能的佼佼者。
本发明有效的提高聚氨酯纤维的阻燃性能，从材料内部阻燃性能和外表阻燃性能两方面着手，双管齐下，双重保障，使得聚氨酯纤维的阻燃效果进一步提高，克服一般聚氨酯纤维阻燃性能低下的问题。
以上所述仅为本发明的实施例，并非因此限制本发明的专利范围，凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换，或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域，均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种阻燃性能好的聚氨酯纤维的制备方法，其特征在于，主要步骤包括：提取原料，所述原料包括聚氨酯溶液、阻燃剂、催化剂；原料混合，将所述聚氨酯溶液、阻燃剂、催化剂按比例进行混合搅拌，获得阻燃型聚氨酯溶液；纺丝，通过高压静电纺丝技术，对所述阻燃型聚氨酯溶液进行纺丝，获得阻燃型聚氨酯纤维；涂膜风干，在所述阻燃型聚氨酯纤维表面涂覆一层阻燃膜，风干后获得成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃性能好的聚氨酯纤维的制备方法，其特征在于，所述阻燃剂成分为甲基膦酸二甲酯和乙二醇。
3.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃性能好的聚氨酯纤维的制备方法，其特征在于，所述催化剂材料为二乙醇胺。
4.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃性能好的聚氨酯纤维的制备方法，其特征在于，所述聚氨酯溶液、阻燃剂、催化剂的配比为80:13:6。
5.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃性能好的聚氨酯纤维的制备方法，其特征在于，所述原料混合阶段温度控制在40℃到45℃。
6.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃性能好的聚氨酯纤维的制备方法，其特征在于，所述所述阻燃膜材料为纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锌。
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Cited By (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110644238A (zh) * | 2019-09-18 | 2020-01-03 | 界首市双鑫纺织有限公司 | 一种耐磨防火布料的制备工艺 |
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| CN111041816A (zh) * | 2019-12-09 | 2020-04-21 | 南通吉美装饰材料有限公司 | 一种阻燃抑烟pvc薄膜的制备 |
| CN112609457A (zh) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-04-06 | 浙江雅宝无纺布制品有限公司 | 一种阻燃无纺布及其制备方法 |
| CN112609457B (zh) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-06-17 | 浙江雅宝无纺布制品有限公司 | 一种阻燃无纺布及其制备方法 |
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