CN109180408A - 一种由伯酰胺制备腈的方法 - Google Patents

一种由伯酰胺制备腈的方法 Download PDF

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CN109180408A
CN109180408A CN201811023286.XA CN201811023286A CN109180408A CN 109180408 A CN109180408 A CN 109180408A CN 201811023286 A CN201811023286 A CN 201811023286A CN 109180408 A CN109180408 A CN 109180408A
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nitrile
primary amide
equiv
acetonitrile
triethylamine
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丁瑞
田红玉
孙宝国
刘永国
杨绍祥
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Beijing Technology and Business University
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Beijing Technology and Business University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07BGENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B43/00Formation or introduction of functional groups containing nitrogen
    • C07B43/08Formation or introduction of functional groups containing nitrogen of cyano groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C253/00Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
    • C07C253/20Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by dehydration of carboxylic acid amides

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及结构式如下所示的由伯酰胺制备腈的方法:

Description

一种由伯酰胺制备腈的方法
本发明涉及一种由伯酰胺制备腈的方法。
腈类化合物是很多产品的重要前体化合物,比如聚酰胺、色素和染料、药物、农化品等。腈类化合物近来在香料工业中的应用发展迅速,具有香气持久、性能稳定、无刺激性的优点,已成为新型合成香料的一大类。腈类化合物中的氰基易于转化为其它官能团,比如羧酸、酰胺、醛、伯胺等,广泛应用于天然产物的全合成研究中。因此研究腈类化合物的制备方法具有重要意义。
由伯酰胺脱水来制备相应的腈类化合物,是目前主要的合成方法,概括有以下六种:(1)伯酰胺在传统脱水试剂的作用下制备腈,比如三氯氧磷,五氧化二磷,氯化亚砜,三氟甲磺酸酐等;(2)伯酰胺在金属催化剂作用下制备腈,比如铁、锌、钯、铜等催化剂;(3)伯酰胺在硫亚胺试剂[Et2NSF2]BF4的作用下制备腈;(4)伯酰胺在溴代二甲基硫鎓盐的作用下脱水制备腈;(5)伯酰胺在Appel反应条件下制备腈,即四氯化碳/三乙胺/三苯基膦的组合试剂;(6)伯酰胺在催化Appel反应条件下制备腈,即草酰氯/三乙胺/催化量三苯基氧膦的组合试剂,该条件用草酰氯代替毒性很大的四氯化碳,0.01当量的三苯基氧膦代替1.25当量的三苯基膦,使反应操作和后处理纯化得到了很有效的简化。这些合成方法为腈类化合物的制备提供了丰富的可选择途径,但存在不同的缺陷:试剂毒性大,反应时间长,适用的反应底物有限,操作复杂等。
本发明的目的是提供一种新的由伯酰胺制备腈的方法。其特征是以伯酰胺为起始原料,以乙腈为溶剂,在草酰氯/三乙胺/催化量二甲亚砜组合试剂的作用下,得到相应的腈类化合物。本发明的制备方法具有试剂价廉易得、操作简便、产率高、反应时间短的优点,非常适合不同类型的伯酰胺脱水来制备腈。反应式如下:
本发明涉及结构式如下所示的由伯酰胺制备腈的方法:
其主要过程是:在室温先将二甲亚砜(0.01equiv),伯酰胺(1.0equiv)和三乙胺(2.5equiv)依次加入乙腈中,再缓慢滴加草酰氯(1.2equiv)的乙腈溶液,反应得到相应的腈类化合物,产率在80~96%。
本发明方法中制备的腈类化合物的结构都通过核磁共振进行了确认。分析结果附在实施例后。
具体实施方式
(1)苯甲腈的制备
氮气保护,在装有温度计的100mL三口烧瓶中,依次加入无水乙腈(10mL),二甲亚砜(0.03mmol,2.5mg,0.01equiv),苯甲酰胺(3mmol,363mg,1.0equiv)和三乙胺(1.04mL,7.5mmol,2.5equiv),室温条件下用恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴加草酰氯(0.31mL,3.6mmol,1.2equiv)的无水乙腈(5mL)溶液。滴加完毕后,继续搅拌40min,抽滤,滤液旋干,加入蒸馏水(15mL),用乙酸乙酯萃取(3x 10mL),合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠水溶液(30mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,旋蒸除去溶剂得粗品,经柱层析分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=9∶1),得到苯甲腈285mg,产率为92%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.68-7.64(m,2H),7.63-7.58(m,1H),7.50-7.44(m,J=7.5Hz,2H)。13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ132.88,132.27,129.24,118.95,112.60。
(2)2-萘甲腈的制备
氮气保护,在装有温度计的100mL三口烧瓶中,依次加入无水乙腈(10mL),二甲亚砜(0.03mmol,2.5mg,0.01equiv),2-萘甲酰胺(3mmol,513mg,1.0equiv)和三乙胺(1.04mL,7.5mmol,2.5equiv),室温条件下用恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴加草酰氯(0.31mL,3.6mmol,1.2equiv)的无水乙腈(5mL)溶液。滴加完毕后,继续搅拌40min,抽滤,滤液旋干,加入蒸馏水(15mL),用乙酸乙酯萃取(3x 10mL),合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠水溶液(30mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,旋蒸除去溶剂得粗品,经柱层析分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=9∶1),得到2-萘甲腈441mg,产率为96%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.24(s,1H),7.94-7.88(m,3H),7.69-7.57(m,3H)。13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ134.80,134.30,132.40,129.34,129.18,128.56,128.20,127.80,126.50,119.39,109.55。
(3)正己腈的制备
氮气保护,在装有温度计的100mL三口烧瓶中,依次加入无水乙腈(10mL),二甲亚砜(0.03mmol,2.5mg,0.01equiv),正己酰胺(3mmol,345mg,1.0equiv)和三乙胺(1.04mL,7.5mmol,2.5equiv),室温条件下用恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴加草酰氯(0.31mL,3.6mmol,1.2equiv)的无水乙腈(5mL)溶液。滴加完毕后,继续搅拌40min,抽滤,滤液旋干,加入蒸馏水(15mL),用乙酸乙酯萃取(3x 10mL),合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠水溶液(30mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,旋蒸除去溶剂得粗品,经柱层析分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=9∶1),得到正己腈233mg,产率为80%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ2.33(t,J=7.2Hz,2H),1.71-1.62(m,2H).1.49-1.32(m,4H),0.92(t,J=7.2Hz,3H)。13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ119.96,30.85,25.16,21.96,17.19,13.83。

Claims (1)

1.一种由伯酰胺制备腈的方法,其特征是以伯酰胺为起始原料,以乙腈为溶剂,在草酰氯/三乙胺/催化量二甲亚砜组合试剂的作用下,得到相应的腈类化合物,反应式如下:
CN201811023286.XA 2018-09-04 2018-09-04 一种由伯酰胺制备腈的方法 Pending CN109180408A (zh)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1210852A (zh) * 1997-08-06 1999-03-17 东丽株式会社 腈的制备方法
CN104744288A (zh) * 2013-12-31 2015-07-01 南京理工大学 一种腈水解合成酰胺的方法

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1210852A (zh) * 1997-08-06 1999-03-17 东丽株式会社 腈的制备方法
CN104744288A (zh) * 2013-12-31 2015-07-01 南京理工大学 一种腈水解合成酰胺的方法

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
J. K. AUGUSTINE ET AL.: "A Practical and Cost-Efficient, One-Pot Conversion of Aldehydes into Nitriles Mediated by‘Activated DMSO’", 《SYNLETT》 *
NORIYUKI NAKAJIMA等: "preparation of nitriles from primary amides under swern oxidation conditions", 《TETRAHEDRON LETTERS》 *
SERGEI A. SHIPILOVSKIKH等: "Dehydration of Amides to Nitriles under Conditions of a Catalytic Appel Reaction", 《ORG.LETT.》 *

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