CN109180407A - 一种由醛肟制备腈的方法 - Google Patents

一种由醛肟制备腈的方法 Download PDF

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CN109180407A
CN109180407A CN201811022770.0A CN201811022770A CN109180407A CN 109180407 A CN109180407 A CN 109180407A CN 201811022770 A CN201811022770 A CN 201811022770A CN 109180407 A CN109180407 A CN 109180407A
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aldoxime
nitrile
reaction
acetonitrile
equiv
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刘永国
丁瑞
田红玉
孙宝国
杨绍祥
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Beijing Technology and Business University
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Beijing Technology and Business University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07BGENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B43/00Formation or introduction of functional groups containing nitrogen
    • C07B43/08Formation or introduction of functional groups containing nitrogen of cyano groups
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C253/00Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D333/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D333/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D333/04Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
    • C07D333/26Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D333/38Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2601/00Systems containing only non-condensed rings
    • C07C2601/12Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
    • C07C2601/14The ring being saturated

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及结构式如下所示的由醛肟制备腈的方法:

Description

一种由醛肟制备腈的方法
本发明涉及一种由醛肟制备腈的方法。
腈类化合物是很多产品的重要前体化合物,比如聚酰胺、色素和染料、药物、农化品等。腈类化合物近来在香料工业中的应用发展迅速,具有香气持久、性能稳定、无刺激性的优点,已成为新型合成香料的一大类。腈类化合物中的氰基易于转化为其它官能团,比如羧酸、酰胺、醛、伯胺等,广泛应用于天然产物的全合成研究中。因此研究腈类化合物的制备方法具有重要意义。
由醛肟脱水来制备相应的腈类化合物,是目前主要的合成方法,概括有以下六种:(1)醛肟在酸酐的作用下脱水制备腈,比如邻苯二甲酸酐;(2)醛肟在有机酸或无机酸的作用下脱水制备腈,比如草酸,硫酸,氯磺酸等;(3)醛肟在酰氯、二氯亚砜、磺酰氯或氯硅烷试剂与碱的作用下脱水制备腈,比如乙酰氯/氧化锌的组合试剂,三氯乙酰氯/三乙胺的组合试剂,甲磺酰氯,叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷/咪唑的组合试剂,磺酰氯/苯并三唑的组合试剂;(4)醛肟在含磷试剂的作用下脱水制备腈,比如氯亚磷酸二乙酯,氯磷酸二乙酯,三苯基膦/碘单质的组合试剂,三苯基膦/四氯化碳的组合试剂,三苯基膦/N-氯代琥珀酰亚胺的组合试剂,磷酸二乙酯等;(5)醛肟在溴代二甲基硫鎓盐的作用下脱水制备腈;(6)醛肟在催化Appel反应条件下制备腈,即草酰氯/催化量三苯基氧膦的组合试剂,该条件用草酰氯代替毒性很大的四氯化碳,催化量的三苯基氧膦代替化学当量的三苯基膦,使反应操作和后处理纯化得到了很有效的简化。这些合成方法为腈类化合物的制备提供了丰富的可选择途径,但存在不同的缺陷:试剂毒性大,反应时间长,适用的反应底物有限,操作复杂等。
本发明的目的是提供一种新的由醛肟制备腈的方法。其特征是以醛肟为起始原料,以乙腈为溶剂,在草酰氯/催化量二甲亚砜组合试剂的作用下,得到相应的腈类化合物,在反应体系中加入三乙胺,可以缩短反应时间。本发明的制备方法具有试剂价廉易得、操作简便、产率高的优点,非常适合不同类型的醛肟脱水来制备腈。反应式如下:
本发明涉及结构式如下所示的由醛肟制备腈的方法:
其主要过程是:在室温先将二甲亚砜(0.01equiv)和草酰氯(1.2equiv)依次加入乙腈中,然后滴加醛肟(1.0equiv)的乙腈溶液,反应得到相应的腈类化合物,产率在85~95%。
本发明方法中制备的腈类化合物的结构都通过核磁共振进行了确认。分析结果附在实施例后。
具体实施方式
(1)苯甲腈的制备
方法A.氮气保护,在装有温度计的100mL三口烧瓶中,依次加入无水乙腈(10mL),二甲亚砜(0.03mmol,2.5mg,0.01equiv)和草酰氯(0.31mL,3.6mmol,1.2equiv),室温条件下用恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴加苯甲醛肟(3mmol,363mg,1.0equiv)的无水乙腈(5mL)溶液。滴加30min完毕后,继续搅拌6h,旋蒸除去溶剂得粗品,经柱层析分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=9∶1),得到苯甲腈288mg,产率为93%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.68-7.64(m,2H),7.63-7.58(m,1H),7.50-7.44(m,J=7.5Hz,2H)。13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ132.88,132.27,129.24,118.95,112.60。
方法B.氮气保护,在装有温度计的100mL三口烧瓶中,依次加入无水乙腈(10mL),二甲亚砜(0.03mmol,2.5mg,0.01equiv),苯甲醛肟(3mmol,363mg,1.0equiv)和三乙胺(1.04mL,7.5mmol,2.5equiv),室温条件下用恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴加草酰氯(0.31mL,3.6mmol,1.2equiv)的无水乙腈(5mL)溶液。滴加完毕后,继续搅拌1h,抽滤,滤液旋干,加入蒸馏水(15mL),用乙酸乙酯萃取(3x 10mL),合并有机相,用饱和氯化钠水溶液(30mL)洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥。过滤,旋蒸除去溶剂得粗品,经柱层析分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=9∶1),得到苯甲腈288mg,产率为93%。
(2)噻酚-2-甲腈的制备
氮气保护,在装有温度计的100mL三口烧瓶中,依次加入无水乙腈(10mL),二甲亚砜(0.03mmol,2.5mg,0.01equiv)和草酰氯(0.31mL,3.6mmol,1.2equiv),室温条件下用恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴加噻酚-2-甲醛肟(3mmol,381mg,1.0equiv)的无水乙腈(5mL)溶液。滴加30min完毕后,继续搅拌2h,旋蒸除去溶剂得粗品,经柱层析分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=9∶1),得到噻酚-2-甲腈311mg,产率为95%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ7.64(dm,J=3.6Hz,1H),7.61(dd,J=5.1,1.2Hz,1H),7.14(dd,J=5.1,3.6Hz,1H)。13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ137.50,132.68,127.74,114.30,109.97。
(3)环己甲腈的制备
氮气保护,在装有温度计的100mL三口烧瓶中,依次加入无水乙腈(10mL),二甲亚砜(0.03mmol,2.5mg,0.01equiv)和草酰氯(0.31mL,3.6mmol,1.2equiv),室温条件下用恒压滴液漏斗缓慢滴加环己基甲醛肟(3mmol,381mg,1.0equiv)的无水乙腈(5mL)溶液。滴加30min完毕后,继续搅拌2h,旋蒸除去溶剂得粗品,经柱层析分离提纯(石油醚/乙酸乙酯=9∶1),得到环己甲腈291mg,产率为89%。1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ2.61(tt,J=8.1,3.9Hz,1H),1.89-1.80(m,2H),1.77-1.63(m,4H),1.51-1.36(m,4H)。13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ122.74,29.61,28.1025.35,24.18。

Claims (1)

1.一种由醛肟制备腈的方法,其特征是以醛肟为起始原料,以乙腈为溶剂,在草酰氯/催化量二甲亚砜组合试剂的作用下,得到相应的腈类化合物,在反应体系中加入三乙胺,可以缩短反应时间,反应式如下:
CN201811022770.0A 2018-09-04 2018-09-04 一种由醛肟制备腈的方法 Pending CN109180407A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20190111