CN109169005B - Artificial planting method of medicinal rhododendron seniavinii - Google Patents

Artificial planting method of medicinal rhododendron seniavinii Download PDF

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CN109169005B
CN109169005B CN201810945019.1A CN201810945019A CN109169005B CN 109169005 B CN109169005 B CN 109169005B CN 201810945019 A CN201810945019 A CN 201810945019A CN 109169005 B CN109169005 B CN 109169005B
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潘国长
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern

Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial planting method of medicinal rhododendron seniavinii, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting land and preparing land; (2) cultivating the seedlings of the Manshanxiang; (3) transplanting; (4) managing the field; (5) and (6) harvesting. The artificial planting method can promote the growth of the Manshan incense while keeping the medicinal value of the Manshan incense, expand the planting of the Manshan incense, improve the yield of the Manshan incense and meet the market demand for the Manshan incense.

Description

Artificial planting method of medicinal rhododendron seniavinii
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant planting, and particularly relates to an artificial planting method of medicinal rhododendron seniavinii.
Background
Manshanxiang, another name: leopard bone wind, white tree, murraya paniculata, vine, tangerine, murraya paniculata, evergreen, murraya paniculata, lindera communis, pergolian basil, and latin name:Gaultheria cumingianathe family name: ericaceae, genus name: bigelia, distribution of origin: the Philippines are also produced in Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Guangdong, etc. of China. Morphological characteristics: up to 1.5 m. Small branches are light red or light red gray and have longitudinal lines; leaf intergrowth, oval or elliptical oval, with blunt serrations on the edges; the raceme is axillary, the flower is small, the crown is bell-shaped, white, and the diameter is 3 mm; berry-like, oblate, dark purple. The ecological environment of animals and plants is that the plants grow in the wild. Cultivation of medicinal animals and plants: cultivation is also available. [ COLLECTING AND STORAGE ] can be harvested in whole year. [ PROPERTIES AND WESTERN ] is pungent, bitter and warm. [ GUIJING ] Heart, liver, and lung meridians. [ EFFECT ] the medicine has the effects of promoting the circulation of qi, promoting blood circulation, expelling wind, removing dampness, and relieving pain by anesthesia. [ INDICATIONS ] epigastric and abdominal pain due to qi stagnation, toxic swelling, scabies, skin pruritus, and swelling and pain due to traumatic injury. [ DOSAGE ] for oral administration: decocting for 3-5X; or soaking in wine for oral administration. External use: pounding and applying. Manshanxiang soup: washing 50 g of Manshanxiang with clear water, and adding appropriate amount of pig bone, chicken or duck meat for cooking soup; sweet and refreshing taste, attractive fragrance, endless aftertaste and fresh soup color, and is a superexcellent soup for a family banquet, a restaurant and a banquet. The efficacy is as follows: dispelling rheumatism, strengthening muscle and bone, relaxing muscles and tendons, activating collaterals, promoting appetite and resolving food stagnation. The literature reports that fruits, rhizomes and leaves of the rhododendron seniavinii have pharmacodynamic effects. The branches and leaves are used as medicine, and have the effects of promoting qi circulation, relieving pain, promoting blood circulation, and removing blood stasis, and can be used for treating stomachache and rheumatalgia, and for external use, can be used for treating toothache, traumatic injury, insect bite, snake bite, etc. In addition, it is also used as tonic and stomachic in medicine. The root-soaked wine can be used for treating lumbago, osteodynia, traumatic injury, fracture, rheumatism, etc.
The Manshanxiang plants are short and have pale red branches, and are suitable for being planted in warm areas. The Manshanxiang has strong adaptability, is pleasant to light, grows well in places with sufficient sunlight, and grows weak in shaded places. The rhododendron seniavinii grows fast and is strong in germination capacity, 5-6 germination strips can be germinated in each stump after plants are cut, and the height of the seedlings can be 50-100 cm in one year. The artificial cultivation of Manshanxiang can be carried out by seed propagation and asexual propagation. The rhododendron seniavinii has a great development prospect in the industries of food, medicine, cosmetics, chemical industry and the like, and as the applied field of the rhododendron seniavinii is continuously expanded, newly developed products are more and more, the demand of the rhododendron seniavinii is more and more, and the state of supply and demand is presented, so that a scientific planting method is urgently needed, the planting quantity and the yield of the rhododendron seniavinii are improved, and the medicinal value of the rhododendron seniavinii is kept.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an artificial planting method of medicinal rhododendron seniavinii, which can promote the growth of the rhododendron seniavinii while keeping the medicinal value of the rhododendron seniavinii, expand the planting of the rhododendron seniavinii, improve the yield of the rhododendron seniavinii and meet the requirement of the market on the rhododendron seniavinii.
An artificial planting method of medicinal rhododendron seniavinii is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting a sunny slope with the altitude of 600-1000 m, rich, loose and good drainage to plant the Manshanxiang; deep ploughing the land by 45-55 cm, and applying a base fertilizer and a special slow release fertilizer for the Manshanxiang, wherein the base fertilizer is 2-3 tons per mu, and the special slow release fertilizer for the Manshanxiang is 3-5 tons per mu;
(2) cultivating the Manshanxiang seedlings: selecting strong and disease-resistant wild Manchurian wildwood plants, selecting semi-lignified branches of the Manchurian wildwood plants to have the length of 6-10 cm, immersing 3-5 cm of the bottom ends of the cutting slips into 6% -8% of honey water, soaking for 1-2 hours, and cutting the cutting slips onto a sandy seedling bed for cultivation;
(3) transplanting: transplanting the seedlings of the Manshanxiang which are cultivated to 30-40 cm and refined with soil, wherein the transplanting density is 220-225 seedlings/mu, and the plant row spacing is 1.5m multiplied by 2 m; transplanting depth is 10-15 cm, watering root fixing water after transplanting, and then not watering until root fixing; after 15 days, diseased seedlings and dead seedlings are removed in time, and seedlings are supplemented in time;
(4) field management:
fertilizing every month in the first year, topdressing urea in the first 6 months, wherein the dosage per mu is 30-40 kg, and the ratio of urea to water is 1: 6-10 of the total weight of the fertilizer is fully dissolved in water and applied to roots through drip irrigation or spray irrigation, so that the seedlings are fully absorbed; and (3) applying the formulated fertilizer in the last 6 months, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 25: 4: 4, the dosage per mu is 35-45 kg, and the formula fertilizer is prepared by mixing 1: 4-8 of the total weight of the fertilizer is fully dissolved in water and applied to roots through drip irrigation or spray irrigation; weeding in time, directly paving the grass beside the roots in sunny days continuously, and directly smashing the grass to bury the grass in the soil in rainy days to be used as green manure;
in the second year, mainly preventing and controlling underground pests, additionally applying 0.5% chlorpyrifos compound pesticide fertilizer once every two months, digging a circular ditch at a position 15-20 cm away from the seedlings when the pesticide fertilizer is applied, wherein the depth is 10-15 cm, 1.2-1.5 kg of pesticide fertilizer is applied to each seedling, covering soil after the fertilizer application is finished, and watering;
in the third year and later, applying organic fertilizer for three times, wherein the amount of the organic fertilizer per mu is 2-3 tons after pruning branches and digging roots for one week in the first time of 3-4 months, the second time of 6-7 months and the third time of 11-12 months, and screwing the organic fertilizer into the ground by using a rotary cultivator after uniform spreading, so that the organic matter content of the soil is improved, and the soil fertility is improved;
(5) harvesting: before blooming in 5-6 months, pruning dense branches and leaves to obtain a part of branches and leaves; harvesting the mature fruits in 10-11 months; after fruits are harvested, pruning branches of the fruits, only 5-8 thick main branches are reserved, and all the rest branches are pruned; after transplanting for three years, when pruning branches at the end of each year, digging the roots of the dahurian rhododendron leaf, reserving at least 3 main roots during digging, backfilling after digging and watering.
The step (2) of cultivating the seedlings of the rhododendron dauricum further comprises the following steps: when cutting the cutting slips into a prepared seedbed, the plant spacing is 15-25 cm, after cutting, spraying the cutting slips until the seedbed is completely wet, and then paving a layer of sandy fine soil on the roots of the cutting slips; within one week, spraying clear water every day until the seedbed is wet; spraying 1-2% of urea every other day within one month after one week, and applying 3-5 kg of urea per mu; spraying 3% -5% of urea every week after one month, applying 8-12 kg of urea per mu, and exercising the seedlings for 20-30 days when the seedlings grow to be 25-35 cm high.
The base fertilizer is prepared from 100-200 parts of pig manure, 80-120 parts of cow manure, 80-120 parts of biogas digester residues and 60-80 parts of fermentation residues through mixed fermentation for 2-3 months.
The slow release fertilizer special for the rhododendron seniavinii is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200-350 parts of residue after decocting or extracting sesame oil from the dahurian rhododendron leaves, 200-250 parts of dahurian rhododendron leaf powder, 120-300 parts of dahurian rhododendron leaf powder, 100-120 parts of seaweed fertilizer, 100-200 parts of potassium humate, 80-150 parts of montmorillonite and 100-200 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.
The organic fertilizer is as follows: 100-150 parts of residue after decocting or extracting sesame oil from the dahurian rhododendron leaves, 50-100 parts of dahurian rhododendron leaf powder, 50-100 parts of dahurian rhododendron forest weed powder, 50-80 parts of peanut bran, 60-100 parts of pine needle powder, 100-150 parts of fishpond sludge, 100-200 parts of fermented pig manure and 30-80 parts of lignin.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the artificial planting method provided by the invention is used for cultivating the seedlings of the wild rhododendron seniavinii by a cutting propagation method, so that the medicinal value of the wild rhododendron seniavinii can be effectively maintained.
The invention carries out deep ploughing on the land during land preparation, and then applies the base fertilizer and the special slow release fertilizer for the garcinia mangostana, so that the fertility of the land can be improved, the fertilizer is slowly released, and the fertilizer efficiency can be prolonged. The slow release fertilizer special for the dahurian rhododendron leaf contains residues of dahurian rhododendron leaf after decoction or sesame oil extraction and dahurian rhododendron leaf powder, and researches show that the dahurian rhododendron leaf has an insect expelling effect, namely the adding of the slow release fertilizer special for the dahurian rhododendron leaf can achieve a good insect expelling effect and prevent pests in the transplanted land from injuring seedlings. After transplanting, the fertilizer is applied for a small amount of times, so that the growth requirement of the rhododendron seniavinii can be well met, the rhododendron seniavinii can be promoted to grow rapidly, and the loss of the fertilizer can be reduced. In the next year, 0.5% chlorpyrifos mixed fertilizer is applied, so that underground pests can be effectively prevented and treated, and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced. In the third year and later, the organic fertilizer is applied for 3 times every year, the growth requirement of the Manshanxiang is met, and branches and leaves are stronger.
The organic fertilizer used in the invention has simple raw materials and rich nutrition, and the addition of lignin can not only improve the fertilizer efficiency but also improve the soil quality. The pine needle powder is used as a common organic fertilizer raw material with insect expelling and preventing effects, and can prevent and treat plant diseases and insect pests.
By the artificial planting method, branches, leaves and roots of the Manshan fragrant can be harvested, and fruits of the Manshan fragrant can also be harvested, so that the Manshan fragrant can be harvested as a medicine for several years in four seasons, and continuous production is realized. By the method, the growth of the Manshan incense can be promoted while the medicinal value of the Manshan incense is kept, the planting of the Manshan incense is enlarged, the yield of the Manshan incense is improved, and the demand of the market on the Manshan incense is met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 and 2 are photographs showing the initial fruiting period of the rhododendron seniavinii planted by the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
An artificial planting method of medicinal rhododendron seniavinii is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting a sunny slope with the altitude of 600-1000 m, rich, loose and good drainage to plant the Manshanxiang; deep ploughing 50cm of land, applying a base fertilizer and a special slow release fertilizer for the Manshanxiang, wherein the base fertilizer is 2 tons per mu, and the special slow release fertilizer for the Manshanxiang is 5 tons per mu;
(2) cultivating the Manshanxiang seedlings: selecting strong and disease-resistant wild Manchurian wildwood plants, selecting semi-lignified branches with the length of 8cm, immersing the bottom ends of the cuttings with 4cm into 7% of honey water, immersing for 1.5 hours, and cutting the cuttings onto a sandy seedbed for cultivation;
(3) transplanting: transplanting the seedlings of the Manshanxiang which are cultivated to 35cm and refined with soil, wherein the transplanting density is 222 plants/mu, and the plant-row spacing is 1.5m multiplied by 2 m; transplanting depth is 12cm, watering root fixing water after transplanting, and then not watering until root fixing; after 15 days, diseased seedlings and dead seedlings are removed in time, and seedlings are supplemented in time;
(4) field management:
fertilizing in the first year and every month, topdressing urea in the first 6 months and every month, wherein the dosage of each mu is 35kg, and mixing urea in a proportion of 1: 8 is fully dissolved in water and applied to the roots through drip irrigation or spray irrigation, so that the seedlings are fully absorbed; and (3) applying the formulated fertilizer in the last 6 months, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 25: 4: 4, the dosage of each mu is 40kg, and the formula fertilizer is prepared by mixing 1: 6 is fully dissolved in water and applied to the roots through drip irrigation or sprinkling irrigation; weeding in time, directly paving the grass beside the roots in sunny days continuously, and directly smashing the grass to bury the grass in the soil in rainy days to be used as green manure;
in the second year, mainly preventing and controlling underground pests, additionally applying 0.5% chlorpyrifos compound pesticide fertilizer once every two months, digging a circular ditch at a position 15-20 cm away from the seedling when the pesticide fertilizer is applied, wherein the depth is 12cm, 1.3kg of pesticide fertilizer is applied to each seedling, covering soil after the fertilizer application is finished, and watering;
in the third year and later, applying organic fertilizer for three times, wherein the amount of the organic fertilizer per mu is 2.5 tons after pruning branches and digging roots for one week in the first time of 3-4 months, the second time of 6-7 months and the third time of 11-12 months, and screwing the organic fertilizer into the ground by using a rotary cultivator after uniform spreading, so that the organic matter content of the soil is improved, and the soil fertility is improved;
(5) harvesting: before blooming in 5-6 months, pruning dense branches and leaves to obtain a part of branches and leaves; harvesting the mature fruits in 10-11 months; after fruits are harvested, pruning branches of the fruits, only 5-8 thick main branches are reserved, and all the rest branches are pruned; after transplanting for three years, when pruning branches at the end of each year, digging the roots of the dahurian rhododendron leaf, reserving at least 3 main roots during digging, backfilling after digging and watering.
The step (2) of cultivating the seedlings of the rhododendron dauricum further comprises the following steps: when cutting the cutting slips into the prepared seedbed, the plant spacing is 20cm, after cutting, spraying the cutting slips until the seedbed is completely wet, and then paving a layer of sandy fine soil on the roots of the cutting slips; within one week, spraying clear water every day until the seedbed is wet; spraying 1.5% urea every other day for 4kg per mu in one month after one week; one month later, 4% of urea is sprayed every week, 10kg of urea is applied per mu, and hardening is carried out for 25 days when the seedlings grow to be 30cm high.
The base fertilizer comprises 150 parts of pig manure, 100 parts of cow manure, 100 parts of biogas digester residues and 70 parts of fermentation residues, and is mixed and fermented for 3 months.
The slow release fertilizer special for the rhododendron seniavinii is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 280 parts of residue after decocting or extracting sesame oil from the dahurian rhododendron leaves, 225 parts of dahurian rhododendron leaf powder, 200 parts of dahurian rhododendron herb powder, 110 parts of seaweed fertilizer, 150 parts of potassium humate, 120 parts of montmorillonite and 150 parts of polyvinyl alcohol.
The organic fertilizer is as follows: 125 parts of residue of the dahurian rhododendron leaves after decoction or sesame oil extraction, 75 parts of dahurian rhododendron leaf powder, 75 parts of dahurian rhododendron tree weed powder, 65 parts of peanut bran, 80 parts of pine needle powder, 125 parts of fishpond sludge, 150 parts of fermented pig manure and 55 parts of lignin.
The initial photo of the medical rhododendron seniavinii planted by the artificial planting method of the invention is shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2. In order to better illustrate the efficacy of the Manchurian wildjasmine planted by the invention, the applicant sends the Manchurian wildjasmine planted by the invention and wild Manchurian wildjasmine to a detection center for component analysis, and finds out through component analysis comparison that the wild Manchurian wildjasmine contains the components of schisandrin, beta-sitosterol, daucosterol, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, salidroside and the like, and the Manchurian wildjasmine obtained by the invention also contains the same components and has small content difference.

Claims (3)

1. An artificial planting method of medicinal rhododendron seniavinii is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) land selection and preparation: selecting a sunny slope with the altitude of 600-1000 m, rich, loose and good drainage to plant the Manshanxiang; deep ploughing the land by 45-55 cm, and applying a base fertilizer and a special slow release fertilizer for the Manshanxiang, wherein the base fertilizer is 2-3 tons per mu, and the special slow release fertilizer for the Manshanxiang is 3-5 tons per mu;
(2) cultivating the Manshanxiang seedlings: selecting strong and disease-resistant wild Manchurian wildwood plants, selecting semi-lignified branches of the Manchurian wildwood plants to have the length of 6-10 cm, immersing 3-5 cm of the bottom ends of the cutting slips into 6% -8% of honey water, soaking for 1-2 hours, and cutting the cutting slips onto a sandy seedling bed for cultivation;
(3) transplanting: transplanting the seedlings of the Manshanxiang which are cultivated to 30-40 cm and refined with soil, wherein the transplanting density is 220-225 seedlings/mu, and the plant row spacing is 1.5m multiplied by 2 m; transplanting depth is 10-15 cm, watering root fixing water after transplanting, and then not watering until root fixing; after 15 days, diseased seedlings and dead seedlings are removed in time, and seedlings are supplemented in time;
(4) field management:
fertilizing every month in the first year, topdressing urea in the first 6 months, wherein the dosage per mu is 30-40 kg, and the ratio of urea to water is 1: 6-10 of the total weight of the fertilizer is fully dissolved in water and applied to roots through drip irrigation or spray irrigation, so that the seedlings are fully absorbed; and (3) applying the formulated fertilizer in the last 6 months, wherein the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 25: 4: 4, the dosage per mu is 35-45 kg, and the formula fertilizer is prepared by mixing 1: 4-8 of the total weight of the fertilizer is fully dissolved in water and applied to roots through drip irrigation or spray irrigation; weeding in time, directly paving the grass beside the roots in sunny days continuously, and directly smashing the grass to bury the grass in the soil in rainy days to be used as green manure;
in the second year, mainly preventing and controlling underground pests, additionally applying 0.5% chlorpyrifos compound pesticide fertilizer once every two months, digging a circular ditch at a position 15-20 cm away from the seedlings when the pesticide fertilizer is applied, wherein the depth is 10-15 cm, 1.2-1.5 kg of pesticide fertilizer is applied to each seedling, covering soil after the fertilizer application is finished, and watering;
in the third year and later, applying organic fertilizer for three times every year, wherein the amount of the organic fertilizer per mu is 2-3 tons after pruning branches and digging roots for one week in the first time of 3-4 months, the second time of 6-7 months and the third time of 11-12 months, and screwing the organic fertilizer into the ground by using a rotary cultivator after uniform spreading, so that the organic matter content of the soil is improved, and the soil fertility is improved;
(5) harvesting: before blooming in 5-6 months, pruning dense branches and leaves to obtain a part of branches and leaves; harvesting the mature fruits in 10-11 months; after fruits are harvested, pruning branches of the fruits, only 5-8 thick main branches are reserved, and all the rest branches are pruned; after transplanting for three years, when pruning branches at the end of each year, digging the roots of the dahurian rhododendron leaf, reserving at least 3 main roots during digging, backfilling after digging and watering;
the slow release fertilizer special for the rhododendron seniavinii is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200-350 parts of residue after decocting or extracting sesame oil from the dahurian rhododendron leaves, 200-250 parts of dahurian rhododendron leaf powder, 120-300 parts of dahurian rhododendron herb powder, 100-120 parts of seaweed fertilizer, 100-200 parts of potassium humate, 80-150 parts of montmorillonite and 100-200 parts of polyvinyl alcohol;
the organic fertilizer comprises 100-150 parts of residues of the leaves of the dahurian rhododendron leaves after decoction or sesame oil extraction, 100-150 parts of dahurian rhododendron leaf powder, 100-150 parts of dahurian rhododendron forest weed powder, 50-80 parts of peanut bran, 60-100 parts of pine needle powder, 100-150 parts of fishpond sludge, 100-200 parts of fermented pig manure and 30-80 parts of lignin.
2. The artificial planting method of the medical rhododendron seniavinii as claimed in claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 100-200 parts of pig manure, 80-120 parts of cow manure, 80-120 parts of residue of a methane tank and 60-80 parts of fermentation residue, and the mixture is fermented for 2-3 months.
3. The artificial cultivation method of Manchurian wildrye as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (2) of cultivating the Manchurian wildrye seedlings further comprises the steps of: when cutting the cutting slips into a prepared seedbed, the plant spacing is 15-25 cm, after cutting, spraying the cutting slips until the seedbed is completely wet, and then paving a layer of sandy fine soil on the roots of the cutting slips; within one week, spraying clear water every day until the seedbed is wet; spraying 1-2% of urea every other day within one month after one week, and applying 3-5 kg of urea per mu; spraying 3% -5% of urea every week after one month, applying 8-12 kg of urea per mu, and exercising the seedlings for 20-30 days when the seedlings grow to be 25-35 cm high.
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105103930A (en) * 2015-09-30 2015-12-02 河池学院 Method for quickly cultivating murraya paniculata seedlings through cuttage
CN105325211A (en) * 2015-10-31 2016-02-17 阜南县田隆花木种植有限公司 Method for preparing high-quality late-autumn pineapple bonsai
CN107445769A (en) * 2017-08-31 2017-12-08 覃海平 A kind of tealeaves ecological fertilizer special

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105103930A (en) * 2015-09-30 2015-12-02 河池学院 Method for quickly cultivating murraya paniculata seedlings through cuttage
CN105325211A (en) * 2015-10-31 2016-02-17 阜南县田隆花木种植有限公司 Method for preparing high-quality late-autumn pineapple bonsai
CN107445769A (en) * 2017-08-31 2017-12-08 覃海平 A kind of tealeaves ecological fertilizer special

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