CN109153153B - 硫化橡胶成形用脱模剂 - Google Patents
硫化橡胶成形用脱模剂 Download PDFInfo
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
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- C08G65/2603—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen
- C08G65/2606—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxyl groups
- C08G65/2609—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring from cyclic ethers and other compounds the other compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxyl groups containing aliphatic hydroxyl groups
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Abstract
提供一种脱模性和清洗性优异的硫化橡胶成形用脱模剂。本实施方式涉及的硫化橡胶成形用脱模剂含有含活性氢基团的化合物的环氧烷加成物(A),所述含活性氢基团的化合物在分子内有4个活性氢原子,所述含活性氢基团的化合物的环氧烷加成物(A)的数均分子量为5000~30000,并且,含有50~95质量%的氧亚乙基。
Description
技术领域
发明涉及硫化橡胶成形用脱模剂。
背景技术
硫化橡胶被使用在汽车配件、铁路配件、施工机械等。这些硫化橡胶是通过在将未硫化橡胶投入到金属模具等而进行硫化成形之后对其进行脱模从而得到。此时,为了使硫化橡胶容易从金属模具脱模,在金属模具、未硫化橡胶涂布有脱模剂。
作为这样的脱模剂,通常使用硅酮,但为了去除附着在硫化后的橡胶软管上的脱模剂,需要使用清洗剂等,需要改善清洗性。因此,提出了用水能去除的脱模剂,例如,专利文献1中公开了二胺的环氧烷加成物。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:特开平7-292236号公报
发明内容
发明欲解决的技术问题
然而,对于专利文献1记载的脱模剂,为了得到充分的脱模性,例如需要通过提高使用浓度等而增加使用量。具体而言,在专利文献1中,以浓度100%、50%使用二胺的环氧烷加成物。然而,一般情况下,使用量一增加,则清洗性变差。
本发明的目的是提供一种脱模性和清洗性优异的脱模剂。
用于解决问题的技术手段
本发明涉及的硫化橡胶成形用脱模剂含有含活性氢基团的化合物的环氧烷加成物(A),所述含活性氢基团的化合物在分子内有4个活性氢原子,所述含活性氢基团的化合物的环氧烷加成物(A)的数均分子量为5000~30000,并且含有50~95质量%的氧亚乙基。
发明效果
如果是上述硫化橡胶成形用脱模剂,则脱模性和清洗性优异。
具体实施方式
本实施方式涉及的硫化橡胶成形用脱模剂含有在分子内有4个活性氢原子的含活性氢基团的化合物的环氧烷加成物(A)。该含活性氢基团的化合物的环氧烷加成物(A)具有相对于含活性氢基团的化合物的残基而键合有4个聚氧亚烷基链的构造。此处,含活性氢基团的化合物的残基是表示从含活性氢基团的化合物中去除了加成环氧烷后的活性氢基团(羟基、氨基)的氢原子而得到的基团。
在本实施方式中,上述含活性氢基团的化合物的环氧烷加成物(A)的数均分子量(Mn)为5000~30000,而且,含有50~95质量%的氧亚乙基。在具有上述这样的键合有4个聚氧亚烷基链的构造的化合物中,通过这样地提高分子量并且较高地设定氧亚乙基的含量,从而即使使用量少,也能够发挥优异的脱模性,而且,易溶于水,能够提高清洗性。另外,由于清洗性优异且短时间就能去除脱模剂,因此能够提高硫化橡胶的生产性。
作为上述含活性氢基团的化合物,可以列举在分子内有4个活性氢原子的各种化合物。例如,可以列举:赤藓糖醇、季戊四醇、脱水山梨糖醇、双甘油等有4个羟基的化合物。另外,例如,可以列举:乙二胺、丙二胺、三亚甲基二胺、四亚甲基二胺、五亚甲基二胺、六亚甲基二胺等脂肪族二胺、甲苯二胺、二氨基二甲苯、苯二胺、萘二胺、联苯胺、2,4'-二氨基联苯、4,4'-二氨基二苯基甲烷等芳香族二胺等有2个伯氨基(-NH2)的化合物。另外,也可以是有1个伯氨基和2个仲氨基(-NH-)的化合物,还可以是有4个仲氨基的化合物。进一步地,也可以使用2-(2-氨基乙基氨基)乙醇、N-(3-羟丙基)乙二胺、N-(β-氨基乙基)异丙醇胺、1-氨基丙二醇、2-氨基-2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、2-氨基-2-乙基-1,3-丙二醇等含有羟基和氨基且合计有4个活性氢原子的化合物。这些含活性氢基团的化合物可以分别地单独使用1种,也可以2种以上组合使用。
作为一个实施方式,上述含活性氢基团的化合物优选有4个羟基的化合物,更优选是碳原子数3~6的四元醇(分子内也可以具有醚键),例如,优选是从由赤藓糖醇、季戊四醇、脱水山梨糖醇和双甘油组成的组中选出的至少一种。
作为对上述含活性氢基团的化合物加成的环氧烷,虽然可以单独使用环氧乙烷,但优选并用环氧乙烷和其以外的环氧烷。作为一个实施方式,可以使用环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷及/或环氧丁烷,更详细而言,出于清洗性优异的理由,优选并用环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷。
在加成2种以上环氧烷的情况下,其加成方式可以是嵌段加成,也可以是无规加成,还可以是它们的组合。即,上述聚氧亚烷基链可以是氧亚乙基与其他氧亚烷基的嵌段加成物,也可以是无规加成物,也可以是将嵌段加成物和无规加成物组合后的混合物,在嵌段加成物的情况下,氧亚乙基与其他氧亚烷基的加成顺序可以是任意的,不分先后。在一个实施方式中,上述含活性氢基团的化合物的环氧烷加成物(A)优选是环氧乙烷与环氧丙烷的无规加成物,即优选聚氧亚烷基链为氧亚乙基与氧亚丙基的无规加成物,能够进一步提高脱模性。
在一个实施方式中,相对于每1摩尔含活性氢基团的化合物,环氧烷的加成量(平均加成摩尔数)优选为100~600摩尔,更优选为120~450摩尔,也可以是150~300摩尔。另外,相对于每1摩尔含活性氢基团的化合物,环氧乙烷的加成量(平均加成摩尔数)优选为80~570摩尔,更优选为100~400摩尔,也可以是120~250摩尔。作为环氧烷,在并用环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷的情况下,两者的平均加成摩尔数之比(环氧乙烷/环氧丙烷)优选为3~15,更优选为4~10。此处,平均加成摩尔数能够利用1H-NMR(溶剂:CDCl3)而求出。
加成上述环氧烷的方法没有特别限定,例如,可以使用在上述含活性氢基团的化合物及催化剂的存在下,将环氧烷以70~120℃、0~0.3MPa的条件导入到反应容器,并使其与含活性氢基团的化合物反应的方法等公知的方法。作为催化剂,没有特别限定,例如,可以列举:氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠等碱金属类、氢氧化钙、氢氧化镁等碱土金属类等。
如上所述,在本实施方式中所使用的含活性氢基团的化合物的环氧烷加成物(A)的数均分子量(Mn)为5000~30000。通过使数均分子量为5000以上,从而使得即使使用量少(例如,以低浓度使用),也能够提高硫化后的橡胶与金属模具之间的脱模性。另外,通过使数均分子量为30000以下,从而能够抑制脱模剂的粘度上升,抑制作业性的下降。数均分子量更优选为6000~25000,进一步优选为7000~22000。
如上所述,在本实施方式中所使用的含活性氢基团的化合物的环氧烷加成物(A)含有50~95质量%的氧亚乙基。即,氧亚乙基在含活性氢基团的化合物的环氧烷加成物(A)中所占的含量为50~95质量%。通过这样地提高氧亚乙基的含量,使其易溶于水,从而能够提高清洗性,与上述分子量的设定一起,使得清洗性和脱模性优异。氧亚乙基的含量更优选为60~95质量%,进一步优选为65~90质量%,也可以是70~90质量%。此处,氧亚乙基的含量能够利用1H-NMR(溶剂:CDCl3)求出。
在一个实施方式中,上述含活性氢基团的化合物的环氧烷加成物(A)优选平均羟值为5~50mgKOH/g。通过设定在这样的范围内,从而脱模性及清洗性更优异。上述平均羟值更优选为8~40mgKOH/g,进一步优选为10~35mgKOH/g。此处,平均羟值能够遵循JIS K0070而测定。
本实施方式涉及的硫化橡胶成形用脱模剂虽然可以仅由上述含活性氢基团的化合物的环氧烷加成物(A)构成,但也可以是用水等溶剂稀释后的脱模剂。优选的是用水稀释后的脱模剂,从清洗性及脱模性的观点考虑,上述含活性氢基团的化合物的环氧烷加成物(A)的浓度优选为5~70质量%,更优选为20~50质量%。
本实施方式涉及的硫化橡胶成形用脱模剂在不妨碍其效果的范围内,也可以含有非离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、硅酮等其他成分。
本实施方式涉及的硫化橡胶成形用脱模剂可以作为成形各种硫化橡胶时的脱模剂而使用。例如,能够在丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚橡胶(NBR)、乙烯·丙烯·二烯烃共聚橡胶(EPDM)、共混有NBR与聚氯乙烯(PVC)的橡胶(NBR/PVC)、丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)、氟橡胶(FKM)等公知的橡胶的硫化成形中使用。
橡胶的硫化成形能够按照常规方法进行,例如,通过将本实施方式的脱模剂涂布在金属模具及/或涂布在未硫化橡胶,从而在未硫化橡胶以及金属模具所接触的部位赋予了脱模剂之后,将未硫化橡胶装入金属模具,进行加热和硫化即可。硫化后,从金属模具取出被硫化成形后的橡胶,将已附着在橡胶表面的脱模剂用水或温水等清洗,从而得到硫化橡胶。需要说明的是,作为未硫化橡胶,可以使用与上述橡胶一起配合了例如硫化剂、助硫化剂、加工助剂、增塑剂、加工油、炭黑、白色填充材料、抗老化剂等公知的添加剂后的橡胶组合物。
实施例
以下,利用实施例,更详细地说明本发明,但本发明不限于此。
数均分子量的测定方法如下。
(数均分子量)
利用GPC法进行测定。GPC装置及分析条件如下,作为标准样品,使用以分子量327、2000、8250和19700的聚乙二醇校准后的样品。
·GPC装置:系统控制器:SCL-10A(岛津制作所社制)
·检测器:RID-10A(岛津制作所社制)
·柱:连结了ShodexGPCKF-G、KF-803、KF802.5、KF-802、KF-801的柱(均为昭和电工社制)
·溶出液:四氢呋喃
·样品注入:0.5重量%溶液、80μL
·流速:0.8mL/min
·温度:25℃。
实施例中使用的原料如下。
(制造例1)
在不锈钢制高压釜中装入季戊四醇136g(1摩尔)、氢氧化钾3g,对反应器内进行氮置换。升温至100℃,并一边保持内压0.3MPa以下一边将环氧乙烷5500g(125摩尔)和环氧丙烷1392g(24摩尔)的混合物导入。导入结束后,在100℃下进一步反应2小时,从而得到季戊四醇的环氧丙烷(24摩尔)/环氧乙烷(125摩尔)无规加成物(A-1)。
将得到的环氧烷加成物(A-1)的详细情况示于下表1。表中,环氧烷的种类和使用量中的PO(g)和PO(mol)表示环氧丙烷的使用量,EO(g)和EO(mol)表示环氧乙烷的使用量,均为相对于1摩尔含活性氢基团的化合物(A-1中,为季戊四醇)的使用量。另外,EO(%)是氧亚乙基在得到的环氧烷加成物中所占的含量(质量%)。Mn和OHV分别表示得到的环氧烷加成物的数均分子量和平均羟值(mgKOH/g)。在下述(A-2)~(A-10)和(B-1)~(B-2)中同样。
(制造例2~6)
除了使环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷为表1记载的使用量以外,进行与制造例1同样的操作,得到季戊四醇的环氧丙烷/环氧乙烷无规加成物(A-2)~(A-6)。
(制造例7)
在不锈钢制高压釜中装入季戊四醇136g(1摩尔)、氢氧化钾3g,对反应器内进行氮置换。升温至100℃,一边保持内压0.3MPa以下一边导入环氧丙烷1798g(31摩尔)。在导入结束后,在100℃下进一步反应2小时。接着,一边保持内压0.3MPa以下一边导入环氧乙烷7084g(161摩尔)。在环氧乙烷导入结束后,在100℃下反应2小时,从而得到季戊四醇的环氧丙烷(31摩尔)-环氧乙烷(161摩尔)嵌段加成物(A-7)。
(制造例8)
除了使用脱水山梨糖醇164g(1摩尔)来代替季戊四醇、并使环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷为表1记载的使用量以外,进行与制造例1同样的操作,得到脱水山梨糖醇的环氧丙烷(30摩尔)/环氧乙烷(161摩尔)无规加成物(A-8)。
(制造例9)
除了使用赤藓糖醇122g(1摩尔)来代替季戊四醇,并使环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷为表1记载的使用量以外,进行与制造例1同样的操作,得到赤藓糖醇的环氧丙烷(31摩尔)/环氧乙烷(161摩尔)无规加成物(A-9)。
(制造例10)
除了使用双甘油166g(1摩尔)来代替季戊四醇、并使环氧乙烷和环氧丙烷为表1记载的使用量以外,进行与制造例1同样的操作,得到双甘油的环氧丙烷(30摩尔)/环氧乙烷(161摩尔)无规加成物(A-10)。
(比较制造例1~2)
除了使用乙二胺60g(1摩尔)来代替季戊四醇、并使环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷为表1记载的使用量以外,进行与制造例7同样的操作,得到乙二胺的环氧丙烷-环氧乙烷嵌段加成物(B-1)~(B-2)。
(B-3)
二甲基聚硅氧烷(商品名:KF-96-20CS、信越化学工业社制)。
[表1]
(实施例1~12、比较例1~3)
通过以下述表2记载的比例(质量比)混合各原料,从而得到脱模剂。使用该脱模剂,进行以下评价。
(脱模性)
将涂布了脱模剂的未硫化橡胶(乙烯·丙烯·二烯烃橡胶(EPDM)或丙烯腈-丁二烯共聚橡胶(NBR))装入金属模具(120mm×120mm×2mm)。接着,在150℃下进行1小时硫化处理,从金属模具取出硫化橡胶。将此时的作业性作为脱模性,将比较例3作为对照,按照下述的基准进行评价。将结果示于表2。
A:作业性与使用了二甲基聚硅氧烷的情况为相同程度,能够从金属模具取出硫化橡胶
B:作业性比使用了二甲基聚硅氧烷的情况稍差,但能够从金属模具取出硫化橡胶
C:作业性比使用了二甲基聚硅氧烷的情况差,无法从金属模具取出硫化橡胶。
(清洗性)
将脱模性的评价中得到的硫化橡胶在2L的水(温度:80℃)中浸渍30秒,取出,确认硫化橡胶表面的粘液。在有粘液的情况下,在新准备的2L的水(温度:80℃)中浸渍30秒,粘液消失或者反复进行该操作直到合计3次。按照以下的标准评价清洗性。将结果示于表2。需要说明的是,硫化橡胶表面有粘液的情况表示有脱模剂残留,无粘液的情况表示无脱模剂残留。
A:第1次浸渍后在硫化橡胶的表面无粘液
B:第2次浸渍后在硫化橡胶的表面无粘液
C:第3次浸渍后在硫化橡胶的表面无粘液
D:即使在第3次浸渍后,在硫化橡胶的表面也有粘液。
[表2]
如表2所示,对于使用二甲基聚硅氧烷作为脱模剂的比较例3,虽然脱模性优异,但清洗性差。对于比较例1,虽然使用了分子内有4个活性氢原子的乙二胺的环氧烷加成物,但由于是分子量小的物质,因此以20质量%这样的使用浓度,也无法发挥充分的脱模性。对于比较例2,虽然使用了乙二胺的环氧烷加成物,但氧亚乙基的含量少,清洗性差。
与此相对,在使用在分子内有4个活性氢原子的含活性氢基团的化合物的环氧烷加成物且其具有预定分子量和氧亚乙基含量的实施例1~12中,即使在10~30质量%这样低的使用浓度下,也能够发挥充分的脱模性,脱模性和清洗性优异。另外,根据实施例7与其他实施例的对比可知,作为环氧烷的加成方式,相比于嵌段加成,无规加成在脱模性方面更有利。
Claims (1)
1.一种硫化橡胶成形用脱模剂,
含有含活性氢基团的化合物的环氧烷加成物(A),所述含活性氢基团的化合物在分子内有4个羟基,其特征在于,
所述含活性氢基团的化合物的环氧烷加成物(A)的数均分子量为5000~30000,并且,含有50~95质量%的氧亚乙基。
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