CN109123603A - 一种多层多味凝胶食品及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种多层多味凝胶食品及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109123603A CN109123603A CN201810978675.1A CN201810978675A CN109123603A CN 109123603 A CN109123603 A CN 109123603A CN 201810978675 A CN201810978675 A CN 201810978675A CN 109123603 A CN109123603 A CN 109123603A
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- gel
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- flavor
- fruits
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种多层多味凝胶食品及其制备方法,主要由甜味物质10‑20%、水60‑80%、可得然胶2%‑10%、刺槐豆胶0.1‑1.0%、黄原胶0.1%‑1.0%、纤维1%‑10%、酸度调节剂0.1%‑1.0%、油溶性色素0.05%‑1.0%、果蔬香料0.1‑2.0%组成。本发明的一种多层多味凝胶制品,结构分明、层次感强,含有膳食纤维、Q弹性好、色彩丰富、风味口感多样化,此外本发明的凝胶食品具有更好的热稳定性,可以长期储藏。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品技术领域,具体是涉及一种多层多味凝胶食品及其制备方法,其主要应用于各式茶品、奶茶、咖啡、果汁、冰沙、甜点等食品中作为口感原料。
背景技术
目前市售的口感原料主要为粉圆、爆爆珠、椰果产品。粉圆因为不耐受高温杀菌不能长期保存,爆爆珠因为在饮料中口感单一没有较好的Q弹性不被消费者喜爱,椰果属于较受欢迎的一种口感原料。常规生产的椰果呈现半透明或者乳白色,色调单一,口感单一,随着椰果产品越来越受到广泛欢迎,人们对椰果颜色、口感、形状、Q弹性要求越来越高。为了满足不同细分市场的需求,许多研究人员进行了彩色椰果的研发。大多研发人员首先尝试在椰果中直接添加食用色素,以期望制备出色彩鲜艳的彩色椰果,但是不论是天然色素还是合成色素,都不能很好的与椰果结合,所以容易导致在彩色椰果在加工、储存、运输过程中容易褪色或变色,产品品质变差;也有部分研发人员尝试在加工过程中蒸汽增压椰果和色素或者将色素溶在酒精中再浸泡椰果,虽然加压相对常温常压加工条件,色素在椰果上的牢固性增加了,但是经受高温或时间一长仍然褪色,而添加酒精虽然可以使色素载入率高一些,但是成本高,且酒精带入食品中也不利人体健康。目前市场还没有一种多层多味、色彩丰富的口感原料来满足消费者追求多样化的需求。本发明专利针对上述存在的问题,提供一种多层多味凝胶食品,不仅色彩丰富、口感良好,而且具有营养价值,突破了传统口感原料的感官形态,更易受到消费者的青睐。
可得然胶(Curdlan),又称热凝胶,凝结多糖,是由微生物产生的,以β-1,3-糖苷键构成的水不溶性葡聚糖,天然安全。可得然胶不溶于水,但能在冷水中很容易分散,经高压均质后能形成更均匀的分散液。该物质具有加热后能凝固的特性,可得然胶遇热形成的胶体可分为低度胶体和高度胶体。将可得然胶的水溶液加热到50-60℃后再降温,形成热可逆的低度胶体。当加热到80℃以上温度条件,处理15分钟以上即可形成坚实的热不可逆性的高度胶,咀嚼性好。同时可得然胶凝胶具有极强的持油性,可以牢牢的固定油溶性色素,经过高温高压杀菌以及长期放置,色素也不会发生迁移。利用可得然胶胶体特性作为食品饮料中的口感原料的研究一直在进行中,其在食品加工中具有广泛的应用前景。此外,可得然胶因为不溶于水没有粘性,形成的凝胶一般比较硬脆,刺槐豆胶和黄原胶都是很好的增稠稳定剂,与可得然胶有较好的协同效应,本发明中添加刺槐豆胶和黄原胶与可得然胶复合后能大大增加体系粘度,改善凝胶组织结构,可形成比较Q弹的凝胶。
可得然胶在水溶液中加热形成凝胶,其凝胶中的水分子以不同形式存在,有的水分子以结合水的形式与凝胶物质的分子形成较紧密的联系,水分子可以长时间地保持稳定,有的水分子则以游离状态存在于凝胶分子之间,故凝胶在保存一段时间后会有脱水现象发生,纤维因为具有较多的亲水基团及较好的空间网状结构,能够有效锁住水分子,起到保水效果,防止凝胶脱水,同时食用膳食纤维对人体还有较大的益处。然而目前市场上还没有多层多味凝胶食品。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种多层多味凝胶食品及其制备方法。
本发明的技术方案是:一种多层多味凝胶食品,所述凝胶食品包含的组成成分及各组分重量百分比为:甜味物质10~20%、水60~80%、可得然胶2%~10%、纤维1%~10%、刺槐豆胶0.1~0.5%、黄原胶0.1%~0.5%、酸度调节剂0.1%~2.0%、色素0.05%~1.0%、果蔬香料0.1~2.0%。
进一步地,所述可得然胶为葡萄糖结构单元以β-1,3-糖苷键连接而成的直链多聚葡萄糖。
进一步地,所述甜味物质为蔗糖、果糖、乳糖、麦芽糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖浆、葡萄糖浆、果葡糖浆中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述纤维为小麦纤维、大豆纤维、竹纤维中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述酸度调节剂为柠檬酸、苹果酸、乳酸中的一种或多种。
进一步地,所述果蔬香料制备方法为:1)选用所需制备的果蔬香料的果蔬原料,洗净切块加水浸泡,然后加热变性后冷却,将占果蔬原料重量3~5%的混合酶加入,29~47℃酶解5-9h后迅速升温至92℃,然后冷却离心过滤,得到酶解液,将所述酶解液等分为两份备用;2)取一份酶解液,在73~87℃下依次加入占酶解液重量为5~9%氨基酸、2~4%枫糖、6~8%磷脂和3~7%海藻酸钠,并施加交变电场混合10~25min得到产物A,所述交变电场高电位-100~1800mV,低电位-800~-300mV,频率为5~20Hz,占空比10~45%;3)取另一份酶解液进行灭菌处理后,按照90:(5-7)的重量比接种复合发酵剂,先在23~31℃发酵2~3天,随后以2℃/天升温至43~47℃发酵6~12天,离心收集上清得产物B;4)在密闭容器内,将产物A加热到24~39℃,并控制密闭容器内氧浓度为29~34%,然后将产物B按照2:(0.5-1)重量比添加到产物A中,进行混合后得到相应的果蔬香料。通过混合酶对果蔬块酶解提高果蔬成分含量;枫糖热量低,摄入不易产生肥胖,海藻酸钠可以使各成分更加稳定;通过该条件下交变电场可以有效提高氨基酸等物质与酶解液的混合,所制备的产物A效果更好,更加稳定;通过变温发酵和梯度升温发酵提高各菌种活性,使发酵效果更好,进而提高产物B的质量,所制备的特制香料热稳定性好,风味效果好,更接近真实果蔬的香气,显著提高了口感和香味。
再进一步地,所述果蔬香料的果蔬原料选自红豆、菠萝、柠檬、甜橙、草莓、芒果,但不仅限于这几种。
更进一步地,所述混合酶由果胶酶、纤维素酶、脱支酶按照4:5:1的重量比混合;所述复合发酵剂由保加利亚乳杆菌、胶质芽孢杆菌和嗜热淀粉酶链霉菌按7:2:3的重量比混合。在该配比下的复合发酵剂发酵效果显著,且各菌种活性可以最大化。
一种多层多味凝胶食品的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:根据所需口味选择相应的果蔬香料;将甜味物质10~20%、可得然胶2%~10%、纤维1%-10%、刺胶豆胶0.1~0.5%、黄原胶0.1%~0.5%、酸度调节剂0.1%~2.0%、色素0.05%~1.0%、果蔬香料0.1~2.0%、加入已称好的60~80%水中,高速剪切5min~15min混合均匀,剪切速度7000~10000rpm,得到各种风味的凝胶分散液;
S2:将剪切好的各种风味的凝胶分散液进行高压均质,均质压力20~40MPa,均质一到两次,得到均一的各种风味的凝胶均质液;
S3:根据所需风味选择步骤S2制备的各种风味凝胶均质液;首先将其中一种所述风味凝胶均质液充填入容器三分之一处,加热至60~70℃保持10~15min,得第一层低强度凝胶;再在第一层凝胶层上继续注入另一种所述风味凝胶均质液,60~70℃保持10~15min,得第二层低强度凝胶;
S4:重复步骤S3,即得包括两层以上凝胶层的可得然胶凝胶食品,密封杀菌,杀菌温度100~125℃,时间10~30min后得到高强度凝胶;既杀灭了微生物又使得凝胶食品口感进一步增强,得到高强度凝胶更加的Q弹;
S5:将所述高强度凝胶冷却至25℃,制备得到所述的Q弹软滑、色彩丰富、风味多样化、高稳定性、长保质期的新型凝胶食品。。
进一步地,所述步骤S1剪切过程中还辅加有微波进行辅助混合,微波功率为680W,每次微波处理2~3min后间歇30~45s,循环直到剪切结束。通过该条件下的微波进行辅助剪切混合,可以有效提高各物质成分的混合度,进而提高凝胶分散液的质量。
进一步地,所述步骤S2具体为:将剪切好的凝胶分散液加热升温至57~73℃,在20~40MPa下进行高压均质处理,然后3s内迅速降温至12-18℃,在迅速降温期间施加脉冲电场,电场场强为30~50kV/cm,脉冲宽度20~130μs,脉冲频率90~1100Hz,脉冲波形为矩形波,时间为1~1200ms;均质一到两次,得到均一的各种风味的凝胶均质液。通过该温度下的变化进行高压均质处理,可以保护成分不受破坏的同时提高均质效果,所得到的凝胶均质液质量更好。
本发明的有益效果是:传统的口感原料制作方式和口味都比较单一,本发明创造性地将可得然胶引入口感原料食品中,通过利用可得然胶热成胶的特点及良好的固色效果,制作成多层多味凝胶食品口感原料,来源丰富,工艺简单,同时具有多种颜色、多种口味,视觉效果好,另外加入了膳食纤维,营养健康,添加到各类饮料食品中能够受到消费的喜爱,更具有市场吸引力,并且通过对香料的改进制造,提高了香料的热稳定性,风味效果好,更接近真实果蔬的香气,口感更好;通过微波辅助分散等处理,可以提高凝胶分散度,使所制备的凝胶食品成分更加稳定,口感好,且耐高温,高压灭菌,能够获得较长的保质期。
具体实施方式
结合以下具体实施例,对本发明作进一步的详细说明。实施本发明的过程、条件、实验方法等,除以下专门提及的内容之外,均为本领域的普遍知识和公知常识,本发明没有特别限制内容。
实施例1
一种多层多味凝胶食品,由以下重量份组份制成:
A风味液:蔗糖150g、水750g、可得然胶50g、小麦纤维40g、刺胶豆胶2.5g、黄原胶1.5g、柠檬酸2.0g、胭脂虫红色素1.5g、红豆香料2.5g。
B风味液:蔗糖150g、水750g、可得然胶50g、小麦纤维40g、刺胶豆胶2.5g、黄原胶1.5g、柠檬酸2.0g、姜黄色素1.5g、菠萝香料2.5g。
C风味液:蔗糖150g、水750g、可得然胶50g、小麦纤维40g、刺胶豆胶2.5g、黄原胶1.5g、柠檬酸2.0g、天然胡萝卜素1.5g、柠檬香料2.5g。
各种风味的果蔬香料制备:
1)根据所制备的多层多味凝胶食品的各层口味,选择菠萝、柠檬和红豆的果蔬原料;将果胶酶、纤维素酶、脱支酶按照4:5:1的质量比混合制成混合酶,再将菠萝、柠檬分别洗净去皮切块,并将红豆洗净研磨后,分别与占果蔬原料重量3%的混合酶混合后加水浸泡,然后加热变性后冷却,29℃酶解5h后迅速升温至92℃,然后冷却离心过滤,得到酶解液,将所述酶解液等分为两份备用;
2)取一份酶解液,在73℃下依次加入占酶解液重量为5%氨基酸、2%枫糖、6%磷脂和3%海藻酸钠,并施加交变电场混合10min得到产物A,所述交变电场高电位-100mV,低电位-800mV,频率为5Hz,占空比10%;
3)将保加利亚乳杆菌、胶质芽孢杆菌和嗜热淀粉酶链霉菌按7:2:3质量比混合制成复合发酵剂,取另一份酶解液进行灭菌处理后,按照90:5的重量比接种复合发酵剂,先在23℃发酵2天,随后以2℃/天升温至43℃发酵10天,离心收集上清得产物B;
4)在密闭容器内,将产物A加热到24℃,并控制密闭容器内氧浓度为29%,然后将产物B按照2:0.5重量比添加到产物A中,进行混合后分别得到红豆香料、菠萝香料和柠檬香料。
该多层多味凝胶食品的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a)将A风味液高速剪切5min混合均匀,剪切速度7000rpm,得到红豆风味的凝胶分散液;
b)将B风味液高速剪切5min混合均匀,剪切速度7000rpm,得到菠萝风味的凝胶分散液;
c)将C风味液高速剪切5min混合均匀,剪切速度7000rpm,得到柠檬风味的凝胶分散液;
d)将三种风味的分散液各自进行高压均质,均质一次,均质压力20MPa,得到均一的红豆风味、菠萝风味和柠檬风味的凝胶均质液;
e)首先将红豆风味均质液充填入容器内三分之一处,加热至60℃保持10min,得第一层低强度凝胶;在第一层凝胶层上继续注入菠萝风味均质液,60℃保持10min,得第二层低强度凝胶;在第二层凝胶层上继续注入柠檬风味均质液,60℃保持10min,得第三层低强度凝胶;即得包括三层凝胶层的可得然胶凝胶食品。
f)密封杀菌。杀菌温度100℃,时间10min后得到高强度凝胶,既杀灭了微生物又使得凝胶食品口感进一步增强,得到高强度凝胶更加的Q弹;
g)杀菌后产品冷却至25℃,制备得到所述的Q弹软滑、高稳定性、长保质期的三层三色风味多样化的凝胶食品。
实施例2
一种多层多味凝胶食品,由以下重量份组份制成:
A风味液:蔗糖160g、水763g、可得然胶40g、小麦纤维30g、刺胶豆胶2.5g、黄原胶1.5g、柠檬酸2.0g、胭脂树橙色素1.0g、甜橙香料2.0g。
B风味液:蔗糖150g、水763、可得然胶40g、小麦纤维30g、刺胶豆胶2.5g、黄原胶1.5g、柠檬酸2.0g、辣椒红色素1.0g、草莓香料2.0g。
C风味液:蔗糖150g、水763g、可得然胶40g、小麦纤维30g、刺胶豆胶2.5g、黄原胶1.5g、柠檬酸2.0g、β-胡萝卜素1.0g、芒果香料2.0g。
各种风味的果蔬香料制备:
1)根据所制备的多层多味凝胶食品的各层口味,选择甜橙、草莓和芒果的果蔬原料;将果胶酶、纤维素酶、脱支酶按照4:5:1的质量比混合制成混合酶,再将甜橙、草莓、芒果分别洗净去皮切块,分别与占果蔬原料重量4%的混合酶混合后加水浸泡,然后加热变性后冷却,41℃酶解7h后迅速升温至92℃,然后冷却离心过滤,得到酶解液,将所述酶解液等分为两份备用;
2)取一份酶解液,在82℃下依次加入占酶解液重量为7%氨基酸、3%枫糖、7%磷脂和5%海藻酸钠,并施加交变电场混合20min得到产物A,所述交变电场高电位1400mV,低电位-200mV,频率为15Hz,占空比35%;
3)将保加利亚乳杆菌、胶质芽孢杆菌和嗜热淀粉酶链霉菌按7:2:3质量比混合制成复合发酵剂,取另一份酶解液进行灭菌处理后,按照90:6的重量比接种复合发酵剂,先在27℃发酵3天,随后以2℃/天升温至45℃发酵9天,离心收集上清得产物B;
4)在密闭容器内,将产物A加热到34℃,并控制密闭容器内氧浓度为31%,然后将产物B按照2:0.8重量比添加到产物A中,进行混合后得到甜橙香料、草莓香料和芒果香料。
该多层多味凝胶食品的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a)将A风味液高速剪切10min混合均匀,剪切速度9000rpm,得到甜橙风味的凝胶分散液;
b)将B风味液高速剪切10min混合均匀,剪切速度9000rpm,得到草莓风味的凝胶分散液;
c)将C风味液高速剪切10min混合均匀,剪切速度9000rpm,得到芒果风味的凝胶分散液;
d)将三种风味的分散液各自进行高压均质,均质两次,均质压力30MPa,得到均一的甜橙风味、草莓风味和芒果风味的凝胶均质液;
e)首先将甜橙风味均质液充填入容器内三分之一处,加热至67℃保持12min,得第一层低强度凝胶;在第一层凝胶层上继续注入草莓风味均质液,65℃保持10min,得第二层低强度凝胶;在第二层凝胶层上继续注入芒果风味均质液,70℃保持15min,得第三层低强度凝胶;即得包括三层凝胶层的可得然胶凝胶食品。
f)密封杀菌。杀菌温度118℃,时间20min后得到高强度凝胶,既杀灭了微生物又使得凝胶食品口感进一步增强,得到高强度凝胶更加的Q弹;
g)杀菌后产品冷却至25℃,制备得到所述的Q弹软滑、高稳定性、长保质期的三层三色风味多样化的凝胶食品。
实施例3
一种多层多味凝胶食品,由以下重量份组份制成:
A风味液:蔗糖160g、水763g、可得然胶40g、小麦纤维30g、刺胶豆胶2.5g、黄原胶1.5g、柠檬酸2.0g、胭脂树橙色素1.0g、甜橙香料2.0g。
B风味液:蔗糖150g、水763、可得然胶40g、小麦纤维30g、刺胶豆胶2.5g、黄原胶1.5g、柠檬酸2.0g、辣椒红色素1.0g、红豆香料2.0g。
C风味液:蔗糖150g、水763g、可得然胶40g、小麦纤维30g、刺胶豆胶2.5g、黄原胶1.5g、柠檬酸2.0g、β-胡萝卜素1.0g、芒果香料2.0g。
各种风味的果蔬香料制备:
1)根据所制备的多层多味凝胶食品的各层口味,选择甜橙、芒果和红豆的果蔬原料;将果胶酶、纤维素酶、脱支酶按照4:5:1的质量比混合制成混合酶,再将甜橙、芒果分别洗净去皮切块,并将红豆洗净研磨后,分别与占果蔬原料重量5%的混合酶混合后加水浸泡,然后加热变性后冷却,47℃酶解9h后迅速升温至92℃,然后冷却离心过滤,得到酶解液,将所述酶解液等分为两份备用;
2)取一份酶解液,在87℃下依次加入占酶解液重量为9%氨基酸、4%枫糖、8%磷脂和7%海藻酸钠,并施加交变电场混合25min得到产物A,所述交变电场高电位1800mV,低电位-300mV,频率为20Hz,占空比45%;
3)将保加利亚乳杆菌、胶质芽孢杆菌和嗜热淀粉酶链霉菌按7:2:3质量比混合制成复合发酵剂,取另一份酶解液进行灭菌处理后,按照90:7的重量比接种复合发酵剂,先在31℃发酵3天,随后以2℃/天升温至47℃发酵8天,离心收集上清得产物B;
4)在密闭容器内,将产物A加热到39℃,并控制密闭容器内氧浓度为34%,然后将产物B按照2:1重量比添加到产物A中,进行混合后得到甜橙香料、红豆香料和芒果香料。
该多层多味凝胶食品的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a)将A风味液高速剪切15min混合均匀,剪切速度10000rpm,得到甜橙风味的凝胶分散液;
b)将B风味液高速剪切15min混合均匀,剪切速度10000rpm,得到红豆风味的凝胶分散液;
c)将C风味液高速剪切15min混合均匀,剪切速度10000rpm,得到芒果风味的凝胶分散液;
d)将三种风味的分散液各自进行高压均质,均质两次,均质压力40MPa,得到均一的甜橙风味、红豆风味和芒果风味的凝胶均质液;
e)首先将甜橙风味均质液充填入容器内三分之一处,加热至70℃保持15mi n,得第一层低强度凝胶;在第一层凝胶层上继续注入红豆风味均质液,70℃保持15min,得第二层低强度凝胶;在第二层凝胶层上继续注入芒果风味均质液,70℃保持15min,得第三层低强度凝胶;即得包括三层凝胶层的可得然胶凝胶食品。
f)密封杀菌。杀菌温度125℃,时间30min后得到高强度凝胶,既杀灭了微生物又使得凝胶食品口感进一步增强,得到高强度凝胶更加的Q弹;
g)杀菌后产品冷却至25℃,制备得到所述的Q弹软滑、高稳定性、长保质期的三层三色风味多样化的凝胶食品。
实施例4
一种多层多味凝胶食品,由以下重量份组份制成:
A风味液:蔗糖150g、水750g、可得然胶50g、小麦纤维40g、刺胶豆胶2.5g、黄原胶1.5g、柠檬酸2.0g、胭脂虫红色素1.5g、红豆香料2.5g。
B风味液:蔗糖150g、水750g、可得然胶50g、小麦纤维40g、刺胶豆胶2.5g、黄原胶1.5g、柠檬酸2.0g、姜黄色素1.5g、菠萝香料2.5g。
C风味液:蔗糖150g、水750g、可得然胶50g、小麦纤维40g、刺胶豆胶2.5g、黄原胶1.5g、柠檬酸2.0g、天然胡萝卜素1.5g、柠檬香料2.5g。
各种风味的果蔬香料制备:
1)根据所制备的多层多味凝胶食品的各层口味,选择菠萝、芒果和红豆的果蔬原料;将果胶酶、纤维素酶、脱支酶按照4:5:1的质量比混合制成混合酶,再将菠萝、柠檬分别洗净去皮切块,并将红豆洗净研磨后,分别与占果蔬原料重量3%的混合酶混合后加水浸泡,然后加热变性后冷却,29℃酶解5h后迅速升温至92℃,然后冷却离心过滤,得到酶解液,将所述酶解液等分为两份备用;
2)取一份酶解液,在73℃下依次加入占酶解液重量为5%氨基酸、2%枫糖、6%磷脂和3%海藻酸钠,并施加交变电场混合10min得到产物A,所述交变电场高电位-100mV,低电位-800mV,频率为5Hz,占空比10%;
3)将保加利亚乳杆菌、胶质芽孢杆菌和嗜热淀粉酶链霉菌按7:2:3质量比混合制成复合发酵剂,取另一份酶解液进行灭菌处理后,按照90:5的重量比接种复合发酵剂,先在23℃发酵2天,随后以2℃/天升温至43℃发酵10天,离心收集上清得产物B;
4)在密闭容器内,将产物A加热到24℃,并控制密闭容器内氧浓度为29%,然后将产物B按照2:0.5重量比添加到产物A中,进行混合后分别得到红豆香料、菠萝香料和柠檬香料。
该多层多味凝胶食品的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a)将A风味液高速剪切10min混合均匀,剪切速度9000rpm,并在剪切期间施加微波功率为680W的微波辅助混合,每次微波处理2min后间歇30s,循环直到剪切结束,得到红豆风味的凝胶分散液;
b)将B风味液高速剪切10min混合均匀,剪切速度9000rpm,并在剪切期间施加微波功率为680W的微波辅助混合,每次微波处理2min后间歇30s,循环直到剪切结束,得到菠萝风味的凝胶分散液;
c)将C风味液高速剪切10min混合均匀,剪切速度9000rpm,并在剪切期间施加微波功率为680W的微波辅助混合,每次微波处理2min后间歇30s,循环直到剪切结束,得到柠檬风味的凝胶分散液;
d)将三种风味的分散液各自进行高压均质,均质一次,均质压力20MPa,得到均一的红豆风味、菠萝风味和柠檬风味的凝胶均质液;
e)首先将红豆风味均质液充填入容器内三分之一处,加热至60℃保持10mi n,得第一层低强度凝胶;在第一层凝胶层上继续注入菠萝风味均质液,60℃保持10min,得第二层低强度凝胶;在第二层凝胶层上继续注入柠檬风味均质液,60℃保持10min,得第三层低强度凝胶;即得包括三层凝胶层的可得然胶凝胶食品。
f)密封杀菌。杀菌温度100℃,时间10min后得到高强度凝胶,既杀灭了微生物又使得凝胶食品口感进一步增强,得到高强度凝胶更加的Q弹;
g)杀菌后产品冷却至25℃,制备得到所述的Q弹软滑、高稳定性、长保质期的三层三色风味多样化的凝胶食品。
实施例5
一种多层多味凝胶食品,由以下重量份组份制成:
A风味液:蔗糖160g、水763g、可得然胶40g、小麦纤维30g、刺胶豆胶2.5g、黄原胶1.5g、柠檬酸2.0g、胭脂树橙色素1.0g、甜橙香料2.0g。
B风味液:蔗糖150g、水763、可得然胶40g、小麦纤维30g、刺胶豆胶2.5g、黄原胶1.5g、柠檬酸2.0g、辣椒红色素1.0g、草莓香料2.0g。
C风味液:蔗糖150g、水763g、可得然胶40g、小麦纤维30g、刺胶豆胶2.5g、黄原胶1.5g、柠檬酸2.0g、β-胡萝卜素1.0g、芒果香料2.0g。
各种风味的果蔬香料制备:
1)根据所制备的多层多味凝胶食品的各层口味,选择甜橙、草莓和芒果的果蔬原料;将果胶酶、纤维素酶、脱支酶按照4:5:1的质量比混合制成混合酶,再将甜橙、草莓、芒果分别洗净去皮切块,分别与占果蔬原料重量4%的混合酶混合后加水浸泡,然后加热变性后冷却,41℃酶解7h后迅速升温至92℃,然后冷却离心过滤,得到酶解液,将所述酶解液等分为两份备用;
2)取一份酶解液,在82℃下依次加入占酶解液重量为7%氨基酸、3%枫糖、7%磷脂和5%海藻酸钠,并施加交变电场混合20min得到产物A,所述交变电场高电位1400mV,低电位-200mV,频率为15Hz,占空比35%;
3)将保加利亚乳杆菌、胶质芽孢杆菌和嗜热淀粉酶链霉菌按7:2:3质量比混合制成复合发酵剂,取另一份酶解液进行灭菌处理后,按照90:6的重量比接种复合发酵剂,先在27℃发酵3天,随后以2℃/天升温至45℃发酵9天,离心收集上清得产物B;
4)在密闭容器内,将产物A加热到34℃,并控制密闭容器内氧浓度为31%,然后将产物B按照2:0.8重量比添加到产物A中,进行混合后得到甜橙香料、草莓香料和芒果香料。
该多层多味凝胶食品的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
a)将A风味液高速剪切15min混合均匀,剪切速度10000rpm,并在剪切期间施加微波功率为680W的微波辅助混合,每次微波处理3min后间歇30s,循环直到剪切结束,得到甜橙风味的凝胶分散液;
b)将B风味液高速剪切15min混合均匀,剪切速度10000rpm,并在剪切期间施加微波功率为680W的微波辅助混合,每次微波处理3min后间歇40s,循环直到剪切结束,得到草莓风味的凝胶分散液;
c)将C风味液高速剪切15min混合均匀,剪切速度10000rpm,并在剪切期间施加微波功率为680W的微波辅助混合,每次微波处理3min后间歇35s,循环直到剪切结束,得到芒果风味的凝胶分散液;
d)将三种风味的分散液加热升温至73℃,在40MPa下进行高压均质处理,然后3s内迅速降温至18℃,在迅速降温期间施加脉冲电场,电场场强为40kV/cm,脉冲宽度110μs,脉冲频率800Hz,脉冲波形为矩形波,时间为600ms;均质两次,得到均一的各种风味的凝胶均质液;
e)首先将甜橙风味均质液充填入容器内三分之一处,加热至67℃保持12mi n,得第一层低强度凝胶;在第一层凝胶层上继续注入草莓风味均质液,65℃保持10min,得第二层低强度凝胶;在第二层凝胶层上继续注入芒果风味均质液,70℃保持15min,得第三层低强度凝胶;即得包括三层凝胶层的可得然胶凝胶食品。
f)密封杀菌。杀菌温度118℃,时间20min后得到高强度凝胶,既杀灭了微生物又使得凝胶食品口感进一步增强,得到高强度凝胶更加的Q弹;
g)杀菌后产品冷却至25℃,制备得到所述的Q弹软滑、高稳定性、长保质期的三层三色风味多样化的凝胶食品。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种多层多味凝胶食品,其特征在于,所述凝胶食品包含的组成成分及各组分重量百分比为:甜味物质10~20%、水60~80%、可得然胶2%~10%、纤维1%~10%、刺槐豆胶0.1~0.5%、黄原胶0.1%~0.5%、酸度调节剂0.1%~2.0%、色素0.05%~1.0%、果蔬香料0.1~2.0%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多层多味凝胶食品,其特征在于,所述可得然胶为葡萄糖结构单元以β-1,3-糖苷键连接而成的直链多聚葡萄糖。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种多层多味凝胶食品,其特征在于,所述甜味物质为蔗糖、果糖、乳糖、麦芽糖、葡萄糖、麦芽糖浆、葡萄糖浆、果葡糖浆中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种多层多味凝胶食品,其特征在于,所述纤维为小麦纤维、大豆纤维、竹纤维中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种多层多味凝胶食品,其特征在于,所述酸度调节剂为柠檬酸、苹果酸、乳酸中的一种或多种。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种多层多味凝胶食品,其特征在于,所述果蔬香料制备方法为:1)选用所需制备的果蔬香料的果蔬原料,洗净切块加水浸泡,然后加热变性后冷却,将占果蔬原料重量3~5%的混合酶加入,29~47℃酶解5-9h后迅速升温至92℃,然后冷却离心过滤,得到酶解液,将所述酶解液等分为两份备用;2)取一份酶解液,在73~87℃下依次加入占酶解液重量为5~9%氨基酸、2~4%枫糖、6~8%磷脂和3~7%海藻酸钠,并施加交变电场混合10~25min得到产物A,所述交变电场高电位-100~1800mV,低电位-800~-300mV,频率为5~20Hz,占空比10~45%;3)取另一份酶解液进行灭菌处理后,按照90:(5-7)的重量比接种复合发酵剂,先在23~31℃发酵2~3天,随后以2℃/天升温至43~47℃发酵6~12天,离心收集上清得产物B;4)在密闭容器内,将产物A加热到24~39℃,并控制密闭容器内氧浓度为29~34%,然后将产物B按照2:(0.5-1)重量比添加到产物A中,进行混合后得到相应的果蔬香料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种多层多味凝胶食品,其特征在于,所述混合酶由果胶酶、纤维素酶、脱支酶组成。
8.根据权利要求6所述的一种多层多味凝胶食品,其特征在于,所述果蔬香料的果蔬原料选自红豆、菠萝、柠檬、甜橙、草莓、芒果。
9.根据权利要求6所述的一种多层多味凝胶食品,其特征在于,所述混合酶由果胶酶、纤维素酶、脱支酶按照4:5:1的重量比混合;所述复合发酵剂由保加利亚乳杆菌、胶质芽孢杆菌和嗜热淀粉酶链霉菌按7:2:3的重量比混合。
10.一种多层多味凝胶食品的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:根据所需口味选择相应的果蔬香料;将甜味物质10~20%、可得然胶2%~10%、纤维1%-10%、刺胶豆胶0.1~0.5%、黄原胶0.1%~0.5%、酸度调节剂0.1%~2.0%、色素0.05%~1.0%、果蔬香料0.1~2.0%加入已称好的60~80%水中,高速剪切5min~15min混合均匀,剪切速度7000~10000rpm,得到各种风味的凝胶分散液;
S2:将剪切好的各种风味的凝胶分散液进行高压均质,均质一到两次,均质压力20~40MPa,得到均一的各种风味的凝胶均质液;
S3:根据所需风味选择步骤S2制备的各种风味凝胶均质液;首先将其中一种所述风味凝胶均质液充填入容器三分之一处,加热至60~70℃保持10~15min,得第一层低强度凝胶;再在第一层凝胶层上继续注入另一种所述风味凝胶均质液,60~70℃保持10~15min,得第二层低强度凝胶;
S4:重复步骤S3,即得包括两层以上凝胶层的可得然胶凝胶食品,密封杀菌,杀菌温度100~125℃,时间10~30min后,得到高强度凝胶;
S5:将所述高强度凝胶冷却至25℃,制备得到所述多层多味的凝胶食品。
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