CN109073012B - 一种用于变速箱的耦合装置 - Google Patents

一种用于变速箱的耦合装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109073012B
CN109073012B CN201780024304.3A CN201780024304A CN109073012B CN 109073012 B CN109073012 B CN 109073012B CN 201780024304 A CN201780024304 A CN 201780024304A CN 109073012 B CN109073012 B CN 109073012B
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resolver
coupling sleeve
coupling
rotors
rotor
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CN109073012A (zh
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J·福斯贝里
E·托斯
N·波利
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Scania CV AB
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Scania CV AB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D11/00—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts
    • F16D11/14—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts with clutching members movable only axially
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D11/00—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts
    • F16D11/08—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts actuated by moving a non-rotating part axially
    • F16D11/10—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts actuated by moving a non-rotating part axially with clutching members movable only axially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16D11/00—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16D48/06—Control by electric or electronic means, e.g. of fluid pressure
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    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
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    • F16H—GEARING
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    • F16H2057/02039—Gearboxes for particular applications
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于变速箱(8)的耦合装置，第一和第二位置之间轴向可移位的耦合套筒(24)，第一和第二可旋转元件(26、28)，其借助于耦合套管(24)可连接和脱离连接，连接到第一和第二可旋转元件(26、28)中的一个的电机(16)，和用于检测电机(16)的转子的角位置的位置指示器装置(70)。位置指示器装置(70)还布置成检测耦合套筒(24)的轴向位置。

Description

一种用于变速箱的耦合装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种耦合装置、具有这种耦合装置的变速箱以及具有这种变速箱的车辆。
背景技术
车辆，并且尤其是重型货车，例如卡车和公共汽车，经常配备有连接到动力源(诸如内燃机、电动引擎或其组合)的变速箱。变速箱可以是自动的、手动的或其组合，其设置有一个或多个致动缸，其用于在变速箱中换档。所述致动缸控制变速箱中不同轴上的各齿轮的接合和脱离接合，从而获得适当的变速。致动缸为气动、液压或电动类型，并且由于变速箱中空间有限，应设计得尽可能小。
卡车中的传动件经常包括自动的手动传动件，其包括大量相互作用的部件并且其由电子控制装置控制以实现变速器的自动换挡。车辆中的一个或多个电子传感器获得关于车辆的操作条件的信息并向阀提供信号，所述阀向致动缸供应被压缩的空气或液压油，这样其控制变速箱中齿轮的接合和脱离接合，从而获得换挡到适当的变速。
在这种类型的变速箱中，同步装置(包括锥形同步环和耦合环)可以由包括齿形操作套筒的耦合装置代替，所述齿形操作套筒轴向移位以便与放置在变速箱中输入和主轴上的齿轮接合。放置在输入和主轴上的每个齿轮与相应的齿轮元件接合，所述齿轮元件牢固地附接到另一个轴，诸如副轴。在换档时，操作套筒轴向移位，以便与布置在可选择的齿轮上的耦合齿接合，以便将齿轮连接到并将其旋转锁定在输入或主轴上。
气动或液压类型的致动缸经由连杆构件连接到换挡叉。当换档时，操作套筒借助于换档叉从第一位置轴向移位到第二位置。布置在操作套筒处或致动缸处的检测装置检测并指示何时操作套筒分别地已经到达第一和第二位置。然而，这种检测装置是昂贵的、增加了车辆的重量并且带来可能失效的分开的部件。另外，由于变速箱的设计和尺寸，可能难以在操作套筒处或致动缸处布置检测装置。
如果车辆设置有电机作为动力源，则它可以是以下一种类型，其设置有用于检测电机内转子的角位置的解析器。所述解析器包括连接到壳体的解析器定子和连接到电机的转子的解析器转子。当电动引擎被提供有电力时，转子相对于电动引擎的定子的位置是至关重要的，以便获得来自电动引擎的扭矩和转子的旋转运动。解析器可以比作小型电机，其中，交变激励信号产生具有不同幅度的交变反馈信号。这是借助于解析器定子中的初级励磁绕组、叠层钢的波形解析器转子、和产生正弦和余弦反馈信号的定子中的次级绕组来实现的。
文献EP2500694公开了一种解析器，用于以高准确度检测换档选择轴的旋转或角位置，从而可以高准确度地执行传动件中的换档操作。所述解析器具有足够长的轴向延伸尺度，从而无论换档选择轴放置在哪个选择位置处，都可以检测换档选择轴的角位置。
发明内容
需要开发一种耦合装置，其包括很少的部件、减轻了重量、并提高了可靠性。
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种耦合装置，其包括很少的部件、减轻了重量、并提高了可靠性。
本文提到的目的通过一种耦合装置、具有这种耦合装置的变速箱和具有这种变速箱的车辆来实现。
根据本发明的一个方面，用于变速箱的耦合装置包括：耦合套筒，其在第一和第二位置之间轴向可移位，第一和第二可旋转元件，它们可借助于耦合套筒彼此连接和断开连接，连接到第一和第二可旋转元件中的一个的电机，以及用于检测电机的转子的角位置的位置指示器装置。本发明的特征在于，所述位置指示器装置还布置成检测耦合套筒的轴向位置。因为用于电机的位置指示器装置也用于检测耦合套筒的轴向位置，这种耦合装置包括很少的部件。因此，不需要用于检测耦合套筒的位置的分开的位置指示器装置。由于没有设置分开的位置指示器装置来检测耦合套筒的位置，因此耦合装置的重量也将减小。由于没有布置分开的位置指示器装置来检测耦合套筒的位置，因此布置用于耦合套筒的部件的数量减少，也因此失效部件的可能性减少，并且因此耦合套筒的可靠性增加。耦合套筒总是连接到第一和第二可旋转元件中的一个(其也连接到电机)。
根据本发明的另一方面，位置指示器装置是解析器，其包括布置在耦合套筒上的至少一个解析器转子。使用用于电机的解析器作为轴向位置指示器并将解析器转子布置在耦合套筒上，也可以检测电机的转子在旋转方向中的位置。当电机连接到第一和第二可旋转元件中的一个时，这是可能的。
根据本发明的另一方面，所述至少一个解析器转子布置在耦合套筒的外周上。取决于耦合套筒和电机如何连接，解析器在耦合套筒的周上的布置可以是非常方便的。当耦合套筒的直径小时，将解析器转子布置在耦合套筒的外周上是方便的。
根据本发明的另一方面，所述至少一个解析器转子布置在耦合套筒的内周上。取决于耦合套筒和电机如何连接，解析器在耦合套筒的周上的布置可以是非常方便的。将至少一个解析器转子布置在耦合套筒的内周上将导致耦合套筒的非常紧凑的结构。
根据本发明的另一方面，解析器包括解析器定子，所述解析器定子具有基本上对应于所述至少一个解析器转子的轴向延伸尺度的轴向延伸尺度。具有解析器定子和解析器转子的基本相似的轴向延伸尺度，实现了解析器转子的在轴向方向中运动和位置的非常精确的检测。
根据本发明的另一方面，解析器包括布置在耦合套筒上的初级和次级解析器转子。两个解析器转子提高了检测耦合套筒轴向运动和位置的准确度。
根据本发明的另一方面，初级和次级解析器转子由不同材料制成。当耦合套筒轴向移位时，取决于解析器转子中的材料，解析器定子将检测不同的反馈信号，并且取决于哪个信号被检测(取决于解析器转子中的材料)，从解析器传输不同的信号。因此，取决于解析器转子中的材料，可以确定耦合套筒的轴向位置。
根据本发明的另一方面，初级和次级解析器转子在一平面中具有不同的设计，所述平面具有与初级和次级解析器转子的轴线平行的法线。使用解析器转子的不同设计或模式，当耦合套筒轴向移位时，取决于解析器转子中的设计或模式，解析器定子将检测不同的信号。取决于解析器转子中的不同设计或模式，从解析器传输不同的信号。取决于解析器转子的设计或模式，所述解析器转子产生不同信号，所述信号由解析器定子检测，确定耦合套筒的轴向位置。
根据本发明的另一方面，初级和次级解析器转子在耦合套筒的轴向方向中彼此分开一定距离并在彼此之间形成间隙。当耦合套筒轴向移位时，解析器定子将检测各解析器转子之间的间隙。当检测间隙时，从解析器传输信号。因此，可以确定耦合套筒的轴向位置。
根据本发明的另一方面，解析器转子可以布置成具有不同的直径。取决于解析器定子相邻哪个转子，由于解析器转子的直径不同，来自解析器定子的信号将不同。
根据本发明的另一方面，为解析器提供两个解析器定子和一个解析器转子是可能的。两个解析器定子提高了检测耦合套筒轴向运动和位置的准确度。所述两个解析器定子可以配置为上述特征，类似于为解析器提供有两个解析器转子。
根据本发明的另一方面，解析器包括一个解析器转子和一个解析器定子，所述解析器定子具有轴向延伸尺度，所述轴向延伸尺度基本上对应于解析器转子的轴向延伸尺度的至少两倍。当耦合套筒轴向移位时，解析器定子将在耦合套筒的整个轴向移位期间与解析器转子接触。因此，由解析器定子传输连续但可变的信号，其指示耦合套筒的轴向位置以及电机的转子的角位置。当解析器转子在轴向方向中移位到靠近解析器定子中央的区域时，由解析器定子检测的信号将与当解析器定子在轴向方向中移位到距解析器定子的中央一定距离处的区域时的情况相比不同。
从以下详细描述中可以看出本发明的其它优点。
附图说明
下面参考附图，作为示例，说明本发明的优选实施方式，其中：
图1示意性地示出了设置有根据本发明的耦合装置的车辆，
图2示出了设置有根据本发明的耦合装置的变速箱的截面图，
图3a和图3b示出了根据本发明的处于第一和第二位置中的耦合装置的第二实施方式的截面图，
图4a和图4b示出了根据本发明的处于第一和第二位置中的耦合装置的第三实施方式的截面图，
图5a和图5b详细地示出了具有不同设计的解析器的侧视图，和
图6示出了根据本发明的处于第二位置中的耦合装置的第四实施方式的截面图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出了设置有根据本发明的耦合装置2、4的车辆1。车辆1包括动力系6，所述动力系包括动力源14、16，变速箱8和传动轴12。动力源14、16耦合到变速箱8，并且包括内燃机14或电机 16或其组合。变速箱8还经由传动轴12连接到车辆1的驱动轮20。变速箱8被变速箱壳体22包围。
图2示出了变速箱8的截面图，所述变速箱设置有根据本发明的耦合装置2。内燃机14经由耦合装置2连接到变速箱8，所述耦合装置包括轴向可运动的耦合套筒24。轴向可运动的耦合套筒24轴向移位，以便与第一可旋转元件26(诸如作为内燃机14的输出轴26)和第二可旋转元件28(诸如变速箱8中的中间轴28)接合。轴向可运动的耦合套筒24借助于花键连接件34接合内燃机14的输出轴26和变速箱8中的中间轴28。在图2中示出的轴向可运动的耦合套筒24的第一轴向位置中，内燃机14的输出轴26与中间轴28脱离接合。在所述第一轴向脱离接合位置中，轴向可运动的耦合套筒24仅与中间轴 28接合，并将与中间轴28一起旋转，借助于轴向可运动的耦合套筒 24和中间轴28之间的花键连接件34。在轴向可运动的耦合套筒24的第二轴向位置中，借助于第一轴向可运动的耦合套筒24，内燃机14 的输出轴26和中间轴28接合。
中间轴28连接到主变速箱43的输入轴。主变速箱43的输出轴 48连接到副变速箱(range gearbox)52的输入轴50，这在图2中示意性地公开。副变速箱52连接到车辆1的驱动轮20。
轴向可运动的耦合套筒24的轴向移位设置有换档叉54，所述换档叉布置在轴向可运动的耦合套筒24中的外侧周向凹槽56中。换挡叉54受动力装置58的影响。所述动力装置58可以是气动、液压或电动致动器。
电机16布置成旋转和制动动力系6。电机16的转子64连接到中间轴28。电机16也是用于车辆1的动力源。电机16可以设计成向驱动轮8提供足够的动力和扭矩，用于推进车辆1而不使用内燃机14。可以从能量存储件68(诸如布置在车辆1中的电化学的能量存储件)，或者从在车辆1被使用的环境中的外部能量存储件(诸如电线或其他导电装置)(未示出)对电机16提供动力。当电机16在主变速箱43 的输入轴42上产生制动扭矩时，能量存储件68也可以从电机16接收电力。
位置指示器装置70布置成用于检测电机16的转子64的角位置。位置指示器装置70还布置成检测耦合套筒24的轴向位置。位置指示器装置70优选地是解析器(resolver)70，其包括布置在耦合套筒24 上的至少一个解析器转子78、80。由于耦合套筒24，在第一和第二轴向位置这两者中，都经由中间轴28与电机16连接，当电机16的转子 64旋转时耦合套筒24将旋转。因此，当耦合套筒24处于第一和第二轴向位置这两者中时，解析器70可检测电机16的转子64的角位置和速度。耦合套筒24总是连接到第一和第二可旋转元件26、28中的一个，其也连接到电机16。
根据图2中的实施方式，解析器包括布置在耦合套筒24的外周上的初级和次级解析器转子78、80。两个解析器转子78、80将增加检测耦合套筒24的轴向运动和位置的准确度。将解析器转子78、80布置在耦合套筒24的外周上可以是非常方便的，尤其是当耦合套筒24 的直径小时。解析器70还包括解析器定子82，根据图2中所示的实施方式，所述解析器定子中的每个具有基本上对应于解析器转子78、 80的轴向延伸尺度的轴向延伸尺度。这可以导致解析器转子78、80 在轴向方向中的运动和位置的非常精确的检测。
初级和次级解析器转子78、80可以由不同的材料制成，使得当耦合套筒24轴向移位时，取决于解析器转子78、80中的材料，解析器定子82将检测不同的反馈信号。因此，取决于解析器转子78、80的不同材料，从解析器传输不同的信号。因此，可以确定耦合套筒24的轴向位置。
作为不同材料的替代或其组合，初级和次级解析器转子78、80可以在一平面中具有不同的设计，所述平面具有与解析器转子78、80的轴线平行的法线。使用旋转器转子78、80的不同设计或模式，当耦合套筒24轴向移位时，取决于解析器转子78、80中的设计或模式，解析器定子82将检测不同的信号。取决于解析器转子78、80中的不同设计或模式，从解析器70传输不同的信号。取决于解析器转子78、 80的设计或模式，其由解析器定子82检测，确定耦合套筒24的轴向位置。
根据图2所示的实施方式，初级和次级解析器转子78、80在耦合套筒24的轴向方向中彼此分开一定距离并且在彼此之间形成单元86。当耦合套筒24轴向移位时，解析器定子82将检测解析器转子78、80 之间的间隙86。当检测间隙86时，从解析器70传输信号。因此，可以确定耦合套筒24的轴向位置。
解析器定子82具有圆环形构造并且径向地包围初级和次级解析器转子78、80。解析器定子82附接到变速箱壳体22。
电子控制单元88耦合到变速箱8、内燃机14、电机16、解析器定子82和到致动器。优选地，变速箱8中和内燃机14中的多个未示出的速度传感器可以连接到控制单元88。另一个计算机90也可以连接到控制单元88。控制单元88可以是具有用于此目的的适当软件的计算机90。控制单元88和/或计算机90包括计算机程序P，其可以包括控制变速箱8的路径。程序P可以以可执行的形式或被压缩的形式存储在内存M中和/或读/写内存中。优选地，提供一种计算机程序制品，包括存储在计算机可读介质上、由计算机可读介质存储的程序代码，用于当所述程序在控制单元88或连接到控制单元88的另一计算机90上运行时在变速箱8中执行变速器换档。所述代码可以是非易失的、存储在所述计算机可读介质中。
来自解析器定子82的信号可以被补偿用于初级和次级解析器转子78、80之间的间隙86，使得解析器70总是检测电机16的转子64、 66的角位置，即使解析器定子82穿过间隙86也是如此。这种补偿可以借助于电子控制单元88进行。
图3a和图3b示出了耦合装置2的第二实施方式的截面图。根据本发明的第二实施方式，初级和次级解析器转子78、80布置在耦合套筒24的内周上。布置解析器转子78、88在耦合套筒24的内周上将导致耦合装置2、4的非常紧凑的结构。解析器定子82具有圆环形构造并且径向地包围初级和次级解析器转子78、80。解析器定子82附接到变速器壳体22或到连接到变速器壳体22的部件。在图3a中，耦合套筒24移位入到第一轴向位置中，使得解析器定子82检测初级解析器转子78。在图3b中，耦合套筒24移位入到第二轴向位置中，使得解析器定子82检测次级解析器转子80。在初级和次级解析器转子78、 80之间存在间隙86，并且解析器定子82具有轴向延伸尺度，其基本上分别对应于初级和次级解析器转子78、80的轴向延伸尺度。初级和次级解析器转子78、80可以由不同材料制成。作为不同材料的替代或其组合，初级和次级解析器转子78、80可在一平面中具有不同的设计，所述平面具有与解析器转子78、80的轴线平行的法线。
解析器70可以比作小型电机，其中，交变高频激励信号产生具有不同幅度的交变反馈信号。这是借助于解析器定子82中的初级励磁绕组(未示出)、叠层钢的波形解析器转子78、80和解析器定子82中的产生正弦和余弦反馈信号的次级绕组(未示出)来实现的。高频激励信号，也称为参考或载波信号，从逆变器(未示出)发送到初级绕组。由于解析器转子78、80是波形的，因此激励磁场的强度随解析器转子 78、80位置而变化。因此，通过使用正弦和余弦次级绕组可以绝对地限定解析器转子78、80位置。正弦和余弦值是针对360°旋转的每个角度唯一限定的。
图4a和图4b示出了耦合装置2、4的第三实施方式的截面图，其中，解析器70包括一个解析器转子78、80和一个解析器定子82，所述解析器定子82具有基本上对应于解析器转子78、80至少两倍的轴向延伸尺度的轴向延伸尺度。当耦合套筒24轴向移位时，解析器定子82将在耦合套筒24的整个轴向移位期间接触解析器转子78、80。因此，连续的但可变的信号由解析器定子82传输，其指示耦合套筒24 的轴向位置以及电机16的转子64、66的角位置。解析器定子82具有圆环形构造并且径向地包围解析器转子78、80。解析器定子82附接到变速箱壳体22或到连接到变速箱壳体22的部件。在图4a中，耦合套筒24移位入到第一轴向位置中，并且在图4b中，耦合套筒24移位入到第二轴向位置中。当解析器转子78、80在轴向方向中移位到靠近解析器定子82的中央的区域时，即，图4a，由解析器定子82检测的信号与以下情况相比将不同：当解析器定子82在轴向方向中移位到距解析器定子82的中央一定距离的区域时，即，图4b。解析器定子82 可以在轴向方向中由不同材料制成。作为轴向方向中的不同材料的替代或其组合，解析器定子82可以在一平面中具有不同的设计，所述平面具有与解析器定子82的轴线平行的法线。
图5a和图5b详细示出了具有不同设计的解析器70的侧视图。在图5a中，解析器转子78、80在其周上具有弯曲的波形92的设计，其在图5a中以放大的细节示出。在图5b中，解析器转子78、80在其周上具有尖锐的波形94的设计，其在图5b中以放大的细节示出。在图5a和图5b这两者中，解析器转子78、80和定子82具有圆环形形状，它们相对于彼此同心地布置。图5a和图5b中所示的解析器70可以具有上述各实施方式的所有特征。除了解析器转子78、80的不同设计，为解析器转子78、80提供不同数量的弯曲的和尖锐的波形94也是可能的。此外，改变解析器转子78、80在周向方向中的轴向和/或径向延伸，使得解析器转子78、80的厚度和/或宽度变化是可能的。
图6示出了根据本发明的处于第二位置中的耦合装置的第四实施方式的截面图。代替或组合以不同材料提供解析器转子78、80，设计具有不同直径的解析器转子78、80也是可能的。取决于解析器定子 82与哪个转子78、80相邻，由于解析器转子78、80的直径不同，来自解析器定子82的信号将不同。代替将解析器转子78、80中的一个的内直径布置为不同，将外直径布置为不同也是可能的。
代替为解析器70提供两个解析器转子78、80和一个解析器定子 82，为解析器70提供两个解析器定子和一个解析器转子也是可能的。定子可以布置在内或外周上，关于两个转子具有如上所述的不同的材料和不同设计。
以上说明的部件和特征可以在本发明的框架内组合在说明的不同实施方式之间。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于变速箱(8)的耦合装置，包括：
耦合套筒(24)，其在第一和第二位置之间轴向可移位，
第一和第二可旋转元件(26、28)，它们可借助于耦合套筒(24)彼此连接和断开连接，
电机(16)，其连接到第一和第二可旋转元件(26、28)中的一个，和
位置指示器装置(70)，其用于检测电机(16)的转子(64)的角位置，
其特征在于
位置指示器装置(70)还布置成检测耦合套筒(24)的轴向位置，并且其中，位置指示器装置(70)是解析器(70)，其包括布置在耦合套筒(24)上的初级和次级解析器转子(78、80)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的耦合装置，其特征在于，所述解析器转子(78、80)布置在所述耦合套筒(24)的外周上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的耦合装置，其特征在于，所述解析器转子(78、80)布置在所述耦合套筒(24)的内周上。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的耦合装置，其特征在于，所述解析器(70)包括至少一个解析器定子(82)，所述解析器定子具有基本上对应于所述解析器转子(78、80)的轴向延伸尺度的轴向延伸尺度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的耦合装置，其特征在于，所述初级和次级解析器转子(78、80)由不同材料制成。
6.根据权利要求1或5所述的耦合装置，其特征在于，所述初级和次级解析器转子(78、80)在一平面中具有不同的设计，所述平面具有与所述初级和次级解析器转子(78、80)的轴线平行的法线。
7.根据权利要求1或5所述的耦合装置，其特征在于，所述初级和次级解析器转子(78、80)在所述耦合套筒的轴向方向中彼此分开一定距离并且在彼此之间形成间隙(86)。
8.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的耦合装置，其特征在于，所述解析器(70)包括一个解析器转子(78、80)和一个解析器定子(82)，所述解析器定子(82)具有基本上对应于解析器转子(78、80)的轴向延伸尺度至少两倍的轴向延伸尺度。
9.一种变速箱(8)，其特征在于，所述变速箱(8)包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的耦合装置(2)。
10.一种车辆(1)，其特征在于，所述车辆(1)包括根据权利要求9所述的变速箱(8)。
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