CN109053990A - 一种热塑性聚氨酯薄膜及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种热塑性聚氨酯薄膜,包括按重量份组成的下列成分:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI):80‑85份、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇:20‑30份、聚己内酯二醇(PCL):10‑15份和扩链剂:5‑8份。本发明经过试验,发现利用六氟双酚A或1,4‑丁二醇作为扩链剂极大地改善了热塑性聚氨酯的耐热性和耐候性,制备的热塑性聚氨酯薄膜,其耐热性能和耐候性能优异。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及薄膜领域,特别是涉及一种热塑性聚氨酯薄膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前我国太阳能电池封装材料市场上占主导地位是乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)薄膜,利用在其固化过程中产生交联反应,形成一种三维网状结构,对太阳能电池起到密封作用。但其存在着明显的缺点,例如耐候性、抗污染性和抗霉变性等较差,并且由于固化交联时间长会导致太阳能电池组件生产效率较低。所以,在实际应用中,如果能制备一种超耐候的透明热塑性高分子材料来取代EVA薄膜作为太阳能电池封装材料,将会产生巨大的应用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服以上存在的技术问题,提供一种热塑性聚氨酯薄膜。
为实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案是以下述方式实现的:
一种热塑性聚氨酯薄膜,包括按重量份组成的下列成分:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯:80-85份、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇:20-30份、聚己内酯二醇:10-15份和扩链剂:5-8份。
进一步地,所述异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为80份、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇为20份、聚己内酯二醇为10份和扩链剂为5份。
进一步地,所述异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为85份、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇为30份、聚己内酯二醇为15份和扩链剂为8份。
进一步地,所述异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为83份、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇为25份、聚己内酯二醇为13份和扩链剂为6.5份。
进一步地,所述扩链剂为六氟双酚A或1,4-丁二醇。
本发明还提供了一种热塑性聚氨酯薄膜的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1:在110-120℃、0.1MPa条件下,将聚四氢呋喃醚二醇真空脱水1.5-2h;
S2:取脱水后适量的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和聚己内酯二醇加入到装有机械搅拌、冷凝回流装置、温度计的四口烧瓶中,升温至70℃,抽真空,充入氮气保护,持续反应1.5-2h后,加入溶剂二甲基甲酰胺调节固含量为60wt%,以降低体系粘度,促使反应充分进行;
S3:待测定预聚体中异氰酸酯基质量分数稳定后,逐渐升温至100℃,加入扩链剂,剧烈搅拌反应2h,真空脱气,将粘稠的产物趁热倒入铺有一层表面光滑的聚四氟乙烯薄膜的模具中,用辊压棒进行均匀辊压后,置于70℃烘箱中烘5天成膜或常温下放置24h后即可得到热塑性聚氨酯薄膜,完成制备。
进一步地,所述模具为40*40cm的玻璃板刻有深度的凹槽。
进一步地,所述深度为2cm。
本发明经过试验,发现利用六氟双酚A或1,4-丁二醇作为扩链剂极大地改善了热塑性聚氨酯的耐热性和耐候性,制备的热塑性聚氨酯薄膜,其耐热性能和耐候性能优异。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例一:
一种热塑性聚氨酯薄膜,包括按重量份组成的下列成分:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为80份、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇为20份、聚己内酯二醇为10份和扩链剂为5份。其中,扩链剂为六氟双酚A。
制备方法采用以下步骤:
S1:在110-120℃、0.1MPa条件下,将聚四氢呋喃醚二醇真空脱水1.5-2h;
S2:取脱水后适量的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)和聚己内酯二醇加入到装有机械搅拌、冷凝回流装置、温度计的四口烧瓶中,升温至70℃,抽真空,充入氮气保护,持续反应1.5-2h后,加入溶剂二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)调节固含量为60wt%,以降低体系粘度,促使反应充分进行;
S3:待测定预聚体中异氰酸酯基质量分数稳定后,逐渐升温至100℃,加入扩链剂,剧烈搅拌反应2h,真空脱气,将粘稠的产物趁热倒入铺有一层表面光滑的聚四氟乙烯薄膜的模具中,所述模具为40*40cm的玻璃板刻有深度为2cm的凹槽,用辊压棒进行均匀辊压后,置于70℃烘箱中烘5天成膜或常温下放置24h后即可得到热塑性聚氨酯薄膜,完成制备。
由于本发明制备的热塑性聚氨酯薄膜采用扩链剂为六氟双酚A,即扩链剂含有氟,经过测试发现,详见下表1:耐热性和耐候性测试数据表。本发明热塑性聚氨酯薄膜与采用未含有氟的扩链剂制备的薄膜相比,其耐热性和耐候性明显良好。从表中可以看出,时间从12h-48h周期各个节点内,本发明薄膜的耐候性和耐热性的模拟值均高于市面薄膜。
表1:耐热性和耐候性测试数据表
实施例二:
一种热塑性聚氨酯薄膜,包括按重量份组成的下列成分:所述异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为85份、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇为30份、聚己内酯二醇为15份和1,4-丁二醇8份。制备方法与上述实施例一相同。
由于本发明制备的热塑性聚氨酯薄膜采用扩链剂为1,4-丁二醇,经过测试发现,详见下表2:耐热性和耐候性测试数据表。本发明热塑性聚氨酯薄膜与采用未含有氟的扩链剂制备的薄膜相比,其耐热性和耐候性明显良好。从表中可以看出,时间从12h-48h周期各个节点内,本发明薄膜的耐候性和耐热性的模拟值均高于市面薄膜。
表2:耐热性和耐候性测试数据表
实施例三:
一种热塑性聚氨酯薄膜,包括按重量份组成的下列成分:所述异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为83份、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇为25份、聚己内酯二醇为13份和六氟双酚A为6.5份。制备方法与上述实施例一相同。
由于本发明制备的热塑性聚氨酯薄膜采用扩链剂为六氟双酚A,即扩链剂含有氟,经过测试发现,详见下表3:耐热性和耐候性测试数据表。本发明热塑性聚氨酯薄膜与采用未含有氟的扩链剂制备的薄膜相比,其耐热性和耐候性明显良好。从表中可以看出,时间从12h-48h周期各个节点内,本发明薄膜的耐候性和耐热性的模拟值均高于市面薄膜。
表3:耐热性和耐候性测试数据表
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明而并非限制本发明所描述的技术方案;因此,尽管本说明书参照上述的各个实施例对本发明已进行了详细的说明,但是,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,仍然可以对本发明进行修改或等同替换;而一切不脱离本发明的精神和范围的技术方案及其改进,其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。
Claims (8)
1.一种热塑性聚氨酯薄膜,其特征在于,包括按重量份组成的下列成分:异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯:80-85份、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇:20-30份、聚己内酯二醇:10-15份和扩链剂:5-8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热塑性聚氨酯薄膜,其特征在于,所述异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为80份、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇为20份、聚己内酯二醇为10份和扩链剂为5份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的热塑性聚氨酯薄膜,其特征在于,所述异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为85份、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇为30份、聚己内酯二醇为15份和扩链剂为8份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的热塑性聚氨酯薄膜,其特征在于,所述异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯为83份、聚四氢呋喃醚二醇为25份、聚己内酯二醇为13份和扩链剂为6.5份。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的热塑性聚氨酯薄膜,其特征在于,所述扩链剂为六氟双酚A或1,4-丁二醇。
6.一种根据权利要求1-5任一所述的热塑性聚氨酯薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1:在110-120℃、0.1MPa条件下,将聚四氢呋喃醚二醇真空脱水1.5-2h;
S2:取脱水后适量的聚四氢呋喃醚二醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和聚己内酯二醇加入到装有机械搅拌、冷凝回流装置、温度计的四口烧瓶中,升温至70℃,抽真空,充入氮气保护,持续反应1.5-2h后,加入溶剂二甲基甲酰胺调节固含量为60wt%,以降低体系粘度,促使反应充分进行;
S3:待测定预聚体中异氰酸酯基质量分数稳定后,逐渐升温至100℃,加入扩链剂,剧烈搅拌反应2h,真空脱气,将粘稠的产物趁热倒入铺有一层表面光滑的聚四氟乙烯薄膜的模具中,用辊压棒进行均匀辊压后,置于70℃烘箱中烘5天成膜或常温下放置24h后即可得到热塑性聚氨酯薄膜,完成制备。
7.根据权利要求6所述的热塑性聚氨酯薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述模具为40*40cm的玻璃板刻有深度的凹槽。
8.根据权利要求7所述的热塑性聚氨酯薄膜的制备方法,其特征在于,所述深度为2cm。
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