CN109043290A - 一种食品生物防腐剂的增效剂及其使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种食品生物防腐剂的增效剂及其使用方法,由以下重量百分比的原料组成:纤维素酶15‑20%、脂肪酶15‑20%、蛋白酶30‑40%、茶多酚10‑20%、肉桂提取物10‑20%。其使用方法是按比例称取原料,混匀;与食品生物防腐剂按重量比1:20‑30混合溶解使用。本发明首次从腐败菌生物膜控制和群体感应抑制新靶点上着手,将生物膜降解酶和群体感应抑制剂联合使用,能够干扰食品腐败菌生物膜的形成,降低腐败菌生物膜的厚度,抑制腐败菌之间的群体感应信息交流,从而提高腐败菌对生物防腐剂的敏感性,增强生物防腐剂的效果。本增效剂的作用靶点是腐败菌的生物膜与群体感应系统,作用位点精准,不是简单意义上的致死效应,腐败菌不产生抗性,具有现有技术无可比拟的优越性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于食品保鲜与食品添加剂领域,具体涉及一种食品生物防腐剂的增效剂及其使用方法。
背景技术
传统的化学防腐剂如苯甲酸钠、亚硝酸钠、双乙酸钠的毒副作用已引起人们日益重视。因此,寻找安全无毒的生物防腐剂已成为人们关注的热点。目前用于食品的生物防腐剂主要有壳聚糖、茶多酚、乳酸链球菌素、竹叶抗氧化物、迷迭香提取物、植酸等。目前生物放防腐剂最大的缺点就是成本高,且防腐效果一般低于化学防腐剂,致使生物防腐剂的使用和推广受到限制。
细菌群体感应系统与细菌生物膜是近年来细菌防治的新靶点。细菌在菌群生长过程中,能不断产生化学信号分子并分泌到周围环境中,当信号分子的数量达到一定阈值时,可调控菌体相关基因的表达如生物膜的形成、生物发光等,以适应环境的变化,这种现象称为细菌群体感应。细菌群体感应抑制剂以细菌的群体感应系统为靶点,只针对病原菌的群体感应系统起抑制作用,并不杀死体内的正常细菌或干扰其正常生命活动,为人类提供了一种新型抗菌途径。
虽然张文艳、朱素琴等研究显示茶多酚、肉桂醛提取物具有群体感应抑制剂的作用,(张文艳,广东工业大学硕士学位论文,2013;朱素琴,中国海洋大学博士学位论文,2015),但二人并未做进一步研究其与食品生物防腐剂之间的关系。
细菌生物膜是细菌在生长过程中,为适应生存环境而吸附于惰性或活性材料表面形成的一种与浮游细胞相应的生物被膜,其结构包括细菌和自身分泌的细胞外基质。生物膜可以保护细菌免于外界恶劣环境的影响,增加其抗药性,为细菌生长提供一道天然的有利屏障。生物膜的成分主要为多糖,蛋白质,糖蛋白,脂质,磷脂,糖脂和核酸等,因此生物膜可被蛋白酶、脂肪酶、DNA降解酶纤维素酶和溶菌酶等所降解(Meireles等,The currentknowledge on the application of anti-biofilm enzymes in the food industry,Food Research International,2016,86:140-146)。目前生物膜降解酶的研究报道较少,更无报道研究生物膜降解酶与食品生物防腐剂之间的关系。
发明内容
为解决上述问题,本发明的目的是提供一种食品生物防腐剂的增效剂及其使用方法,以克服现有技术的不足。
本发明的技术方案如下:本发明将具有生物膜降解作用的生物膜降解酶纤维素酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶与具有群体感应抑制活性的茶多酚与肉桂醛提取物相复合,从生物膜形成与细菌群体感应交流双重靶点提高生物防腐剂的防腐效果。
本发明的一种食品生物防腐剂的增效剂,由以下重量百分比的原料组成:纤维素酶15-20%、脂肪酶15-20%、蛋白酶30-40%、茶多酚10-20%、肉桂提取物10-20%。
进一步的,所述增效剂由以下重量百分比的原料组成:纤维素酶20%、脂肪酶20%、蛋白酶30%、茶多酚12%、肉桂提取物18%。
所述的食品生物防腐剂增效剂的使用方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)按照上述重量百分比称取原料,混合均匀,密封、避光保存;
(2)取一定重量的步骤(1)得到的混合物(为粉末状),与食品生物防腐剂按重量比1:20-30混合溶解使用。
本发明与现有技术相比优点在于:本发明首次从腐败菌生物膜控制和群体感应新靶点上着手,将生物膜降解酶和群体感应抑制剂联合使用,它能够干扰食品腐败菌生物膜的形成,降低腐败菌生物膜的厚度,抑制腐败菌之间的群体感应信息交流,从而提高腐败菌对生物防腐剂的敏感性,增强生物防腐剂的防腐效果。此外,本发明产品的作用靶点是腐败菌的生物膜与群体感应系统,作用位点精准,不是简单意义上的致死效应,腐败菌不产生抗性,具有现有技术无可比拟的优越性。
本发明产品已对典型生物防腐剂壳聚糖、聚赖氨酸、L-苯乳酸的防腐效果进行了实验验证。与对照组相比,本发明产品可显著影响壳聚糖(如图1)、聚赖氨酸(如图2)及L-苯乳酸(如图3)对食品中常见腐败菌(假单胞菌、希瓦氏菌)与常见病原菌(副溶血弧菌)的防腐效果,添加本发明产品后,不但生物防腐剂的抑菌率显著提升,而且腐败菌的生物膜降解显著提高(图4、图5),腐败菌群体感应交流所依赖的信号分子酰化高丝氨酸内酯的含量显著降低(表1)。进一步的实验证明,达到相近的杀菌率时,添加本发明产品可使生物防腐剂的用量显著降低(表1)。
附图说明
图1:本发明对壳聚糖抑制假单胞菌、希瓦氏菌与副溶血弧菌的增效作用,其中,对照:只加壳聚糖;本发明产品:壳聚糖+本发明。
图2:本发明对聚赖氨酸抑制假单胞菌、希瓦氏菌与副溶血弧菌的增效作用。其中,对照:只加聚赖氨酸;本发明产品:聚赖氨酸+本发明。
图3:本发明对L-苯乳酸抑制假单胞菌、希瓦氏菌与副溶血弧菌的增效作用,其中对照:只加L-苯乳酸;本发明产品:L-苯乳酸+本发明。
图4:本发明产品抑制副溶血弧菌生物膜形成的激光共聚焦效果图,其中,对照:只加L-苯乳酸;本发明产品:L-苯乳酸+本发明;形成的生物膜越厚,荧光强度就越强,图片中的亮度就越大,若生物膜被降解,则荧光强度减弱,亮度变暗。
图5:本发明产品抑制副溶血弧菌生物膜形成的光学显微镜效果图,其中,对照:只加L-苯乳酸;本发明产品:L-苯乳酸+本发明;生物膜越厚,生物膜就越完整,生物膜被降解后,完整性被破坏,呈现断断续续的形状。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。实施例旨在举例描述,而非以任何形式对本发明进行限制。
实施例1
本发明产品由以下重量百分比的原料组成:纤维素酶20%、脂肪酶20%、蛋白酶30%、茶多酚12%、肉桂提取物18%,具体使用方法如下:
(1)按照重量百分比称取原料,混合均匀,得到粉末状混合物,装入洁净的食品包装容器中,密封、避光保存;
(2)取一定重量的步骤(1)得到的混合粉末,与壳聚糖按重量比1:25混合溶解使用。
(3)如图1所示,与单独使用壳聚糖相比,本发明产品对壳聚糖抑制假单胞菌、希瓦氏菌及副溶血弧菌的抑制率分别提高了60%、15.9%和186.7%,具有明显的增效作用。
实施例2
本发明产品由以下重量百分比的原料组成:纤维素酶20%、脂肪酶20%、蛋白酶30%、茶多酚12%、肉桂提取物18%,具体使用方法如下:
(1)按照重量百分比称取原料,混合均匀,得到粉末状混合物,装入洁净的食品包装容器中,密封、避光保存;
(2)取一定重量的步骤(1)得到的混合粉末,与聚赖氨酸按重量比1:20混合溶解使用。
(3)如图2所示,与单独使用聚赖氨酸相比,本发明产品对聚赖氨酸抑制假单胞菌、希瓦氏菌及副溶血弧菌的抑制率分别提高了180.5%、108.3%和91.7%,具有明显的增效作用。
实施例3
本发明产品由以下重量百分比的原料组成:纤维素酶20%、脂肪酶20%、蛋白酶30%、茶多酚12%、肉桂提取物18%,具体使用方法如下:
(1)按照重量百分比称取原料,混合均匀,得到粉末状混合物,装入洁净的食品包装容器中,密封、避光保存;
(2)取一定重量的步骤(1)得到的混合粉末,与L-苯乳酸按重量比1:25混合溶解使用。
(3)如图3所示,与单独使用L-苯乳酸相比,本发明产品对L-苯乳酸抑制假单胞菌、希瓦氏菌及副溶血弧菌的抑制率分别提高了260.0%、123.1%和40.3%,具有明显的增效作用。
(4)与单独使用L-苯乳酸相比,本发明产品降低了副溶血弧菌生物膜的生成量。采用激光共聚焦显微镜观察,其结果显示,使用本发明产品后,副溶血弧菌的生物膜荧光强度降低,生物膜降解明显(图4);采用普通光学显微镜观察,其结果显示,使用本发明产品后,副溶血弧菌生物膜厚度下降,生物膜完整性被破坏,呈现断断续续的形状(图5)。
(5)采用0.5mg/mL、1.0mg/mL两种不同浓度的L-苯乳酸与本发明产品复配使用。结果发现,添加本发明产品后,生物膜抑制率和抑菌率均显著增加;在抑菌率上,0.5mg/mL苯乳酸+本发明产品达到了与1.0mg/mL苯乳酸相似的结果,而且,其生物膜抑制率显著高于1.0mg/mL苯乳酸单独处理(表1)。
表1本发明产品对L-苯乳酸抑制副溶血弧菌的增效作用
(注:表中同一栏内,数据后面的字母表示P<0.05水平显著)
上述实施例中所用的包括各种防腐剂在内的材料均为商品化的制品。
综上所述,本发明产品制备的增效剂对食品生物防腐剂的防腐效果增效明显,且本发明产品生产工艺简单、绿色环保、作用靶点明确,是食品生物防腐剂不可或缺的防腐伴侣。本发明的保护范围不限于具体实施方式所公开的技术方案,凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种食品生物防腐剂的增效剂,其特征在于该增效剂由以下重量百分比的原料组成:纤维素酶15-20%、脂肪酶15-20%、蛋白酶30-40%、茶多酚10-20%、肉桂提取物10-20%。
2.如权利要求1所述的食品生物防腐剂的增效剂,其特征在于该增效剂由以下重量百分比的原料组成:纤维素酶20%、脂肪酶20%、蛋白酶30%、茶多酚12%、肉桂提取物18%。
3.权利要求1或2所述的食品生物防腐剂的增效剂的使用方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1) 按照权利要求1或2所述的重量百分比称取原料,混合均匀,密封、避光保存;
(2) 取一定重量的步骤(1)得到的混合物,并与食品生物防腐剂按重量比1: 20-30混合溶解使用。
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