CN109022338B - 一种酶转化苯丙氨酸生产苯丙酮酸的工艺 - Google Patents
一种酶转化苯丙氨酸生产苯丙酮酸的工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109022338B CN109022338B CN201811075039.4A CN201811075039A CN109022338B CN 109022338 B CN109022338 B CN 109022338B CN 201811075039 A CN201811075039 A CN 201811075039A CN 109022338 B CN109022338 B CN 109022338B
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- fermentation
- phenylpyruvic acid
- recombinant bacterium
- transformation
- phenylalanine
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- 239000001903 2-oxo-3-phenylpropanoic acid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-phenylalanine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 COLNVLDHVKWLRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种酶转化苯丙氨酸生产苯丙酮酸的工艺,属于生物工程技术领域。本发明通过对奇异变形杆菌来源的氨基酸脱氨酶突变体进行密码子优化和发酵条件优化,氨基酸脱氨酶酶活显著提高。进一步对转化条件进行优化,显著提高苯丙酮酸的产量,当湿菌体添加量25~30g/L,苯丙酮酸产量可以达到81.1~83.0g/L,苯丙氨酸的摩尔转化率达到98.0%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种酶转化苯丙氨酸生产苯丙酮酸的工艺,属于生物工程技术领域。
背景技术
苯丙酮酸PPA是一种常用于医药、轻工等领域的双羟基化合物,可以用于制作复方α酮酸片;PPA是合成D-苯丙氨酸的原材料,D-苯丙氨酸是手性药物和食品添加剂的合成中间体;PPA还可以用于制备苯乳酸,苯乳酸可以用于抗菌防腐和风味添加剂。
PPA作为一种多功能有机酸,目前主要使用化学合成法和生物法生产,化学合成法通常有α-乙酞氨基肉桂酸水解、乙内酰脲与苯甲醛合成法和氯苄经双羟基化反应三条路线。但是化学合成法存在反应需要高,产品得率低、设备投资大,反应时间长且会产生有毒有害物质等问题。生物法生产PPA具有许多优势:易制备,成本低;更稳定,使用方便;无污染,副产物少。PPA的生物法生产可以采用直接发酵法和酶转化法生产。根据文献报道,鲁氏酵母(Zygosaccharomyces rouxii)、普通变形杆菌(Proteus vulgaris)、谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)和摩氏摩根菌(Morganella morganli)可以直接发酵生产PPA,其中P.vulgaris通过分批发酵产量可以达到3.0g/L。但由于菌体内PPA的路径较长,代谢路径酶活低,直接发酵法PAA产量相对较低,且发酵液中含有大量菌体、蛋白质、无机盐等杂质,PPA的下游分离纯化工艺复杂。利用生物酶制剂转化苯丙氨酸生产苯丙酮酸是目前的研究热点。
酶转化法可以利用苯丙氨酸脱氢酶、氨基酸转移酶和L-氨基酸脱氨酶转化L-苯丙氨酸生产苯丙酮酸,Hou等在大肠杆菌中异源表达来自Proteus mirabilis KCTC 2566的L-AAD,PPA的产量为2.60±0.1g·L-1,转化率为86.7%。又经过PPA降解途径改造和L-AAD分子改造,最终使PPA产量提高至30.00±1.2g·L-1,转化率达到100%。还建立了两阶段全细胞转化策略,利用两阶段温度调控策略,即:低温诱导12h,添加底物L-苯丙氨酸,提高温度至转化温度,至反应结束,然后收集菌体,进行静息细胞转化,有效实现了PPA的积累。另外,研究者还对E.coli FAD合成和再生系统进行代谢改造强化、构建FADH2/FAD再生系统,进一步提高PPA的产量至58g·L-1。
发明内容
为了进一步提高PPA的产量,本发明提供了一种酶转化苯丙氨酸生产苯丙酮酸的工艺。
发明人之前在申请号为201810670959.4的专利申请中已经公开了通过基因工程构建得到可以利用L-氨基酸脱氨酶高产苯丙酮酸的突变株,其苯丙酮酸产量可以达到72.5g/L。本发明进一步对L-AAD转化苯丙氨酸生产苯丙酮酸的工艺进行优化,显著提高苯丙酮酸的产量,适用于工业化生产苯丙酮酸。
本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种重组菌,所述重组菌,以大肠杆菌为宿主、采用pET系列载体表达了氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示、核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示的氨基酸脱氨酶突变体。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种高密度发酵生产L-氨基酸脱氨酶的方法,所述方法是应用上述重组菌进行发酵生产。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述方法是将所述突变体或所述重组菌,按照5~8%接种量接种于发酵培养基,发酵罐装液量为3.0L/5.0L,通气量1.5~2.5vvm,温度36~38℃,搅拌速率500~600rpm,设定溶氧为100%,当OD600达到15~18时,溶氧上升至60%以上,添加补料培养基,通过溶氧与补料相关联,控制溶氧在20~40%;当培养至OD600在20~25,将温度下降至24~25℃,加入10~15g/L乳糖诱导氨基酸脱氨酶的表达,发酵培养24~28h,OD600达到75~90时结束发酵,发酵过程中通过补加氨水控制pH在6.5~7.5。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述发酵培养基的成分包括:甘油6g/L,酵母粉15~20g/L,大豆蛋白胨5~10g/L,K2HPO4·12H2O 2.0~3.0g/L,KH2PO45.0~8.0g/L,金属离子液10mL/L;所述补料培养基的成分为:甘油400~600g/L,酵母粉5~8g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 6~10g/L。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述金属离子液的成分包括:FeSO4·7H2O 5g/L,CaCl2 2g/L,ZnSO4·7H2O 1.2g/L,MnSO4·4H2O 0.4g/L,(NH4)6MoO24·4H2O 0.1g/L,H3BO30.5g/L。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供一种重组菌转化生产苯丙酮酸的方法,所述方法是以苯丙氨酸为底物,应用上述重组菌转化底物生产苯丙酮酸。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述应用上述重组菌转化底物生产苯丙酮酸的转化条件是:pH 7.5~8.0,转化温度为22~26℃,转化时间18~24h,湿细胞添加量25.0~30.0g/L。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,所述应用上述重组菌转化底物生产苯丙酮酸在发酵罐中进行,搅拌转速为400rpm,通气量0~12h控制为0.5vvm,12h以后关闭通气至转化结束。
在本发明的一种实施方式中,在所述应用上述重组菌转化底物生产苯丙酮酸的转化体系添加0.1~0.2mmoL/L MgCl2。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供一种上述重组菌在食品、医药、化工领域的应用。
本发明有益效果是:
本发明利用来源于奇异变形杆菌(Proteus mirabilis)的L-AAD突变体生产苯丙酮酸,经过表达系统中密码子优化、发酵条件和转化条件优化,添加湿细胞添加量25.0~30.0g/L,转化18~20h,转化率达到98%以上,苯丙酮酸产量达到81.1~83.0g/L,转化体系简单和高转化率使得下游纯化简易,极大的降低了生产成本,能够满足工业化需求。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1:添加剂对全细胞转化生产苯丙酮酸的影响;
图2:通气量对全细胞转化生产苯丙酮酸的影响。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合附图对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
下述实验都是采用常规实验方法,实施材料均从商业途径可得。
样品预处理:取转化液12000rpm离心10min收集上清液,并以PPA作为标准品,配制标准溶液。将适度稀释后的上清液和标准溶液分别经0.22μm微孔滤膜过滤后,用高效液相色谱法检测。
苯丙酮酸含量的测定:高效液相色谱法,流动相成分:5.0mmol/L稀硫酸,流速0.8mL/min;进样体积:10μL;色谱柱:Aminex HPX-87H Ion Exclusion Column,300×7.8mm;检测器:紫外检测器,波长为210nm。
氨基酸脱氨酶的酶活检测:将15mL浓度约为30g/L的L-苯丙氨酸溶液30℃预热,分别称取0.5g左右的湿菌体于250mL锥形瓶中,加入14.5mL预热的pH 7.5的Tris-HCl缓冲液缓冲液,再加入预热的L-苯丙氨酸转化液中,30℃、200rpm的摇床中反应30min。反应完成后,取适量反应液快速离心稀释进行液相检测。酶活单位定义为1min内转化生成1μmol PPA所需的酶量。
实施例1:生产氨基酸脱氨酶突变体的重组菌株的构建
L-AAD突变体的核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示,进一步通过适用于大肠杆菌表达系统的密码子优化,突变体核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2,优化前该基因的GC含量为44.0%,在大肠杆菌中密码子适应性指数(CAI)为0.269,优化后GC含量为51.4,CAI提高至1.0。通过全基因合成SEQ ID NO:2的核苷酸序列,并连接于pET24a载体,在大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)中重组表达,菌株命名为E.coli-PM-LAAD。密码子优化后L-AAD酶活从2.37U/mL提高至3.21U/mL,酶活提高了35.4%。
实施例2:营养条件对发酵生产氨基酸脱氨酶的影响
(1)发酵培养基a的成分为:甘油6g/L,酵母粉20g/L,大豆蛋白胨5g/L,K2HPO4·12H2O 2.5g/L,KH2PO45.0g/L,金属离子液10mL/L。
金属离子液的成分为:FeSO4·7H2O 5g/L,CaCl22g/L,ZnSO4·7H2O 1.2g/L,MnSO4·4H2O 0.4g/L,(NH4)6MoO24·4H2O 0.1g/L,H3BO30.5g/L。
发酵培养基b为TB培养基:甘油4g/L,酵母粉24g/L,大豆蛋白胨12g/L,KH2PO42.31g/L,K2HPO4.3H2O 12.54g/L。
补料培养基的成分为:甘油400~600g/L,酵母粉5~8g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 6~10g/L。
(2)将实施例1中E.coli-PM-LAAD接种于LB种子培养基(硫酸卡那霉素100mg/L),37℃,200rpm震荡培养10~12h,按照5%接种量分别接种于发酵培养基a和发酵培养基b,通气量2.0vvm,温度37℃,搅拌速率500~600rpm,此时设定溶氧为100%,当OD600达到15~18时,溶氧突然上升至60%以上,此时开始添加补料培养基,通过溶氧与补料相关联,控制溶氧在20~40%,当培养至OD600达到25,将温度下降至25℃,加入15g/L乳糖诱导氨基酸脱氨酶的表达,发酵培养24~28h,OD600达到75~90时结束发酵,发酵过程中通过补加氨水控制pH在6.5~7.5。
(3)不同培养基对发酵L-AAD的酶活影响如表1,使用优化后培养基a高密度发酵,单位菌体干重L-AAD酶活和菌体干重分别可以达到1.36U/mg和31.9g/L,相对于常规的TB培养基分别提高了16.2%和13.9%。高密度发酵时高菌浓可以降低菌体的生产成本,而单位菌体酶活提高有利于转化时降低菌体用量。
表1营养条件对发酵生产氨基酸脱氨酶的影响
实施例3:添加剂对全细胞转化生产苯丙酮酸的影响
取用实施例2发酵培养基a中获得的E.coli-PM-LAAD湿菌体,作为细胞催化剂用于转化苯丙氨酸生产苯丙酮酸。在1L转化体系中,用pH 7.5Tris-HCl缓冲液溶解L-苯丙氨酸75g/L、湿菌体30g/L,4mol/L NaOH溶液控制pH 7.5~8.0、温度25℃、搅拌转速400rpm,通气量控制为0.5vvm,分别添加0.1%CTAB、0.1%曲拉通-100、0.1%吐温-80、2mmol/L MnCl2、2mmol/L MgCl2、2mmol/L CaCl2,检测添加剂对PPA产量的影响。实验结果如图2:MgCl2对PPA产量有一定促进作用,产量从70.4g/L提高至73.9g/L,转化率从94.4%提升至99.1%;其他金属离子对转化结果没有明显的影响;表面活性剂的添加对转化都存在不同程度的抑制作用CTAB的抑制作用最强,分析原因可能是表面活性剂会破坏菌体的膜结构,增加膜的通透性,而L-AAD为膜结合蛋白,破坏了膜结构影响了L-AAD活力,使产量下降。
实施例4:通气量对全细胞转化生产苯丙酮酸的影响
取用实施例2发酵培养基a中获得的E.coli-PM-LAAD湿菌体,作为细胞催化剂用于转化苯丙氨酸生产苯丙酮酸。在1L转化体系中,用pH 7.5Tris-HCl缓冲液溶解L-苯丙氨酸80g/L、湿菌体30g/L,2mmol/L MgCl2,4mol/L NaOH溶液控制pH 7.5~8.0、温度25℃、搅拌转速400rpm,考察不同通气量对转化的影响,分别设置整个转化过程中不通气,通气量控制为0.5vvm,通气量0~12h控制为0.5vvm、12h以后关闭通气直至转化结束,转化26h,转化过程曲线如图2所示:通气时,苯丙酮酸积累较快,不通气整个转化速率变慢;不通气时,转化24h苯丙酮酸产量最高为73.0g/L,通气0.5vvm时转化20h苯丙酮酸产量最高,达到74.4g/L;两阶段控制在12h之后关闭通气,转化速率降低,但是菌体在20h之后仍然具有持续的转化能力,转化22h苯丙酮酸产量达到78.2g/L,摩尔转化率为98.3%。
实施例5:苯丙氨酸生产苯丙酮酸的规模化制备
取用实施例2发酵培养基a中获得的E.coli-PM-LAAD湿菌体,作为细胞催化剂用于转化苯丙氨酸生产苯丙酮酸。在30L发酵罐中装液量为15L,转化体系中使用pH 7.5Tris-HCl缓冲液溶解L-苯丙氨酸82.0~85.0g/L、湿菌体25~30g/L,2mmol/L MgCl2,4mol/LNaOH溶液控制pH 7.5~8.0、温度25℃、搅拌转速400rpm,采用实施例4中两阶段控制通气量。转化结果如表2,当湿菌体添加量25~30g/L,苯丙酮酸产量可以达到81.1~83.0g/L,苯丙氨酸的摩尔转化率达到98.0%以上。
表2苯丙氨酸生产苯丙酮酸的规模化制备
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 江南大学
无锡宸明生物技术有限公司
<120> 一种酶转化苯丙氨酸生产苯丙酮酸的工艺
<160> 3
<170> PatentIn version 3.3
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gcgctggcag atgcgaaagc attagataaa gctcaagcgt ggatcaaaac agctaaagaa 480
gcggcaggtt ttgatacacc attaaatact cgcatcatta aaggtgaaga gctatcaaat 540
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tcagaagttg ttgaacgttg gggtgccgtt gtggcgccaa catttgatgc gttacctatc 1260
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atgaacatct ctcgtcgtaa actgctgctg ggtgttggtg ctgctggtgt tctggctggt 60
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ggtgctggta tccagggtat catgaccgct atcaacctgg ctgaacgtgg tatgtctgtt 240
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gttgacccgg aaaccggtac cccggctctg gctcgttacg ctaaacagat cggtgttaaa 660
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gtttctgaaa aaggtgctat caaaacctct caggttgttc tggctggtgg tatctggtct 780
cgtctgttca tgggtaacat gggtatcgac atcccgaccc tgaacgttta cctgtctcag 840
cagcgtgttt ctggtgttcc gggtgctccg cgtggtaacg ttcacctgcc gaacggtatc 900
cacttccgtg aacaggctga cggtacctac gctgttgctc cgcgtatctt cacctcttct 960
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ctgccgctgg aattctctat cggtgaagac ctgttcaact ctttcaaaat gccgacctct 1080
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accgaaggtc cggctgctgg tgaagttacc gctgacatcg ttatgggtaa aaaaccggtt 1380
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Met Asn Ile Ser Arg Arg Lys Leu Leu Leu Gly Val Gly Ala Ala Gly
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Val Leu Ala Gly Gly Ala Ala Leu Val Pro Met Val Arg Arg Asp Gly
20 25 30
Lys Phe Val Glu Ala Lys Ser Arg Ala Ser Phe Val Glu Gly Thr Gln
35 40 45
Gly Ala Leu Pro Lys Glu Ala Asp Val Val Ile Ile Gly Ala Gly Ile
50 55 60
Gln Gly Ile Met Thr Ala Ile Asn Leu Ala Glu Arg Gly Met Ser Val
65 70 75 80
Thr Ile Leu Glu Lys Gly Gln Ile Ala Gly Glu Gln Ser Gly Arg Ala
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Tyr Ser Gln Ile Ile Ser Tyr Gln Ala Ser Pro Glu Ile Phe Pro Leu
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His His Tyr Gly Lys Ile Leu Trp Arg Gly Met Asn Glu Lys Ile Gly
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Ala Asp Thr Ser Tyr Arg Thr Gln Gly Arg Val Glu Ala Leu Ala Asp
130 135 140
Ala Lys Ala Leu Asp Lys Ala Gln Ala Trp Ile Lys Thr Ala Lys Glu
145 150 155 160
Ala Ala Gly Phe Asp Thr Pro Leu Asn Thr Arg Ile Ile Lys Gly Glu
165 170 175
Glu Leu Ser Asn Arg Leu Val Gly Ala Gln Thr Pro Trp Thr Val Ala
180 185 190
Ala Phe Glu Glu Asp Ser Gly Ser Val Asp Pro Glu Thr Gly Thr Pro
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Ala Leu Ala Arg Tyr Ala Lys Gln Ile Gly Val Lys Ile Tyr Thr Asn
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Cys Ala Val Arg Gly Ile Glu Thr Ala Gly Gly Lys Ile Ser Asp Val
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Val Ser Glu Lys Gly Ala Ile Lys Thr Ser Gln Val Val Leu Ala Gly
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Gly Ile Trp Ser Arg Leu Phe Met Gly Asn Met Gly Ile Asp Ile Pro
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Thr Leu Asn Val Tyr Leu Ser Gln Gln Arg Val Ser Gly Val Pro Gly
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Ala Pro Arg Gly Asn Val His Leu Pro Asn Gly Ile His Phe Arg Glu
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Gln Ala Asp Gly Thr Tyr Ala Val Ala Pro Arg Ile Phe Thr Ser Ser
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Ile Val Lys Asp Ser Phe Leu Leu Gly Pro Lys Phe Met His Leu Leu
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Gly Gly Gly Ala Leu Pro Leu Glu Phe Ser Ile Gly Glu Asp Leu Phe
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Asn Ser Phe Lys Met Pro Thr Ser Trp Asn Leu Asp Glu Lys Thr Pro
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Phe Glu Gln Phe Arg Val Ala Thr Ala Thr Gln Asn Thr Gln His Leu
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Asp Ala Val Phe Gln Arg Met Lys Thr Glu Phe Pro Val Phe Glu Lys
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Ser Glu Val Val Glu Arg Trp Gly Ala Val Val Ala Pro Thr Phe Asp
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Ala Leu Pro Ile Ile Ser Glu Val Lys Glu Tyr Pro Gly Leu Val Ile
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Asn Thr Ala Thr Val Trp Gly Met Thr Glu Gly Pro Ala Ala Gly Glu
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Val Thr Ala Asp Ile Val Met Gly Lys Lys Pro Val Ile Asp Pro Thr
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Pro Phe Ser Leu Asp Arg Phe Lys Lys
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Claims (10)
1.一种重组菌,其特征在于,所述重组菌,以大肠杆菌为宿主、采用pET系列载体表达了氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:3所示、编码核苷酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示的氨基酸脱氨酶突变体。
2.一种高密度发酵生产L-氨基酸脱氨酶的方法,其特征在于,所述方法是使用权利要求1所述的重组菌进行发酵生产。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法是将所述重组菌,按照5~8%接种量接种于发酵培养基,发酵罐装液量为3.0L/5.0L,通气量1.5~2.5vvm,温度36~38℃,搅拌速率500~600rpm,设定溶氧为100%,当OD600达到15~18时,溶氧上升至60%以上,添加补料培养基,通过溶氧与补料相关联,控制溶氧在20~40%;当培养至OD600在20~25,将温度下降至24~25℃,加入10~15g/L乳糖诱导氨基酸脱氨酶的表达,发酵培养24~28h,OD600达到75~90时结束发酵,发酵过程中通过补加氨水控制pH在6.5~7.5。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述发酵培养基的成分包括:甘油6g/L,酵母粉15~20g/L,大豆蛋白胨5~10g/L,K2HPO4·12H2O 2.0~3.0g/L,KH2PO45.0~8.0g/L,金属离子液10mL/L;所述补料培养基的成分为:甘油400~600g/L,酵母粉5~8g/L,MgSO4·7H2O6~10g/L。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述金属离子液的成分包括:FeSO4·7H2O5g/L,CaCl2 2g/L,ZnSO4·7H2O 1.2g/L,MnSO4·4H2O 0.4g/L,(NH4)6MoO24·4H2O 0.1g/L,H3BO30.5g/L。
6.一种重组菌转化生产苯丙酮酸的方法,其特征在于,所述方法是以苯丙氨酸为底物,应用权利要求1所述的重组菌转化底物生产苯丙酮酸。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述应用权利要求1所述的重组菌转化底物生产苯丙酮酸的转化条件是:pH 7.5~8.0,转化温度为22~26℃,转化时间18~24h,湿细胞添加量25.0~30.0g/L。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述应用权利要求1所述的重组菌转化底物生产苯丙酮酸在发酵罐中进行,搅拌转速为400rpm,通气量0~12h控制为0.5vvm,12h以后关闭通气至转化结束。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述应用权利要求1所述的重组菌转化底物生产苯丙酮酸的转化体系添加0.1~0.2mmoL/L MgCl2。
10.权利要求1所述的重组菌在制备苯丙酮酸中的应用。
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