CN109016528B - 用于焊接两个由塑料制成的空心型材杆的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于焊接两个由塑料制成的空心型材杆的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN109016528B
CN109016528B CN201810528718.6A CN201810528718A CN109016528B CN 109016528 B CN109016528 B CN 109016528B CN 201810528718 A CN201810528718 A CN 201810528718A CN 109016528 B CN109016528 B CN 109016528B
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welding
window frame
welding plate
profile rods
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CN109016528A (zh
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弗拉迪米尔·瓦格纳
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STUERTZ MASCHINENBAU GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/022—Particular heating or welding methods not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/20—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror"
    • B29C65/2092—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools with direct contact, e.g. using "mirror" and involving the use of a facer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/242—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool the heat transfer being achieved by contact, i.e. a heated tool being brought into contact with the welding tool and afterwards withdrawn from it
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/745—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using a single unit having both a severing tool and a welding tool
    • B29C65/7451—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using a single unit having both a severing tool and a welding tool the severing tool and the welding tool being movable with respect to one-another
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7841—Holding or clamping means for handling purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
    • B29C66/022—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping
    • B29C66/0224—Mechanical pre-treatments, e.g. reshaping with removal of material
    • B29C66/02241—Cutting, e.g. by using waterjets, or sawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/116—Single bevelled joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being bevelled in the joint area
    • B29C66/1162—Single bevel to bevel joints, e.g. mitre joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/324—Avoiding burr formation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/32—Measures for keeping the burr form under control; Avoiding burr formation; Shaping the burr
    • B29C66/326—Shaping the burr, e.g. by the joining tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/524—Joining profiled elements
    • B29C66/5243—Joining profiled elements for forming corner connections, e.g. for making window frames or V-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/524—Joining profiled elements
    • B29C66/5243—Joining profiled elements for forming corner connections, e.g. for making window frames or V-shaped pieces
    • B29C66/52431—Joining profiled elements for forming corner connections, e.g. for making window frames or V-shaped pieces with a right angle, e.g. for making L-shaped pieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B29C66/91641—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time
    • B29C66/91643—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time following a heat-time profile
    • B29C66/91645—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux the heat or the thermal flux being non-constant over time following a heat-time profile by steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/0072—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation combined with rearranging and joining the cut parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2793/00—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation
    • B29C2793/009—Shaping techniques involving a cutting or machining operation after shaping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/841—Machines or tools adaptable for making articles of different dimensions or shapes or for making joints of different dimensions
    • B29C66/8416—Machines or tools adaptable for making articles of different dimensions or shapes or for making joints of different dimensions of different thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/843—Machines for making separate joints at the same time in different planes; Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series
    • B29C66/8432—Machines for making separate joints at the same time mounted in parallel or in series
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/94—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time
    • B29C66/949—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the time characterised by specific time values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/001—Profiled members, e.g. beams, sections
    • B29L2031/003—Profiled members, e.g. beams, sections having a profiled transverse cross-section
    • B29L2031/005—Profiled members, e.g. beams, sections having a profiled transverse cross-section for making window frames
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/96—Corner joints or edge joints for windows, doors, or the like frames or wings
    • E06B3/9604—Welded or soldered joints
    • E06B3/9608—Mitre joints

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于焊接两个由塑料制成的、用于形成窗框的空心型材杆的方法，在方法中，将彼此待连接的型材杆通过在型材杆的连接表面之间插入焊接平板并且将型材杆压紧到焊接平板上而加热到预定的温度并在外部和内部形成焊珠并且在移除焊接平板之后，通过压力彼此连接在一起，同时焊珠增大。为了在所有制造窗框所使用的型材杆横截面和使用的塑料中，在制成的窗框的连接位置区域中、在窗框的上面或正面和底面或背面上实现一种阴影槽(Schattennut)，在移除焊接平板之后，仅将在之后的窗框的可见面上的、在两个型材杆的连接位置区域中产生的外部的焊珠略微向内推压并形成斜边，并且随后与内部的焊珠一起去除并且随后将两个型材杆的连接表面接合在一起。

Description

用于焊接两个由塑料制成的空心型材杆的方法和装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于焊接两个由塑料制成的、用于形成窗框的空心型材杆的方法，在该方法中，待彼此连接的型材杆通过在这些型材杆的连接表面之间插入焊接平板并且将其压紧到焊接平板上而在形成部分处于外部的焊珠的情况下加热到预定的温度并且在移除焊接平板之后，通过压力彼此连接在一起，同时将焊珠增大，并且本发明涉及一种用于执行此方法的装置。
背景技术
已知用于由具有连续的腔室的、由塑料制成的型材杆制造窗框的焊接装置，根据制造设备的设计，能够借助于该焊接装置同时焊接窗框的一个角、两个角或者四个角。在这种情况下，每个焊接装置都为每个角而设置有可加热的焊接平板的焊接头并且为每个型材杆都设置有夹紧装置。每个夹紧装置具有上部和下部的限制斜面台，限制斜面台之间分别保持一个型材杆。
对于实际的焊接或接合过程，首先将每个末端分别比制成的窗框的尺寸长出大约3mm的两个型材杆彼此对齐并且固定在一个位置中，在该位置中两个连接表面彼此之间保持一定距离，使得加热到预定温度的焊接平板能够导入到连接表面之间。然后将两个型材杆的连接表面压向焊接平板并且使其熔化直至型材杆的长度减少约2mm。在此，在该挤压过程中，型材杆的所有区域中产生所谓焊珠的第一部分。然后，型材杆短暂地从焊接平板退回，从而能够回到初始位置。然后，将两个型材杆已加热的连接表面再次彼此压紧，其中所提及的焊珠增大并且同时型材长度又缩短大约1mm，从而在焊接或连接在一起两端已达到为窗框指定的最终尺寸。
通过型材杆的接合而在连接表面区域内的形成的焊珠不仅环绕地存在于外部，而且存在于位于型材杆内部的所有连接片上。这些焊接珠能够局部具有锐利边缘并且在之后的窗框的可见表面上产生不好的外观。因此，至少去除在焊接或接合的窗框的可见表面上的这些焊珠。这点在已焊接的窗框的上面或正面和底部或背面上借助于特殊刀具和/或者铣刀在至少一个随后的附加制造步骤中完成，其中通常产生所谓的阴影槽(Schattennut)。这些附加工艺不仅不可避免地增加了制造窗框的时间，而且还需要额外的设备。此外，阴影槽相对于窗框的其它表面具有较粗燥的表面，这容易积存污垢微粒。
为了至少部分地避免去除可见的且有碍的焊珠的费用并且因而缩短生产窗框的时间，德国公开文献10 2015 013 439公开了一种方法，在该方法中，在去除焊接平板之后，向内挤压在之后的窗框的可见面上的、在两个型材杆的连接位置区域中产生的焊珠的外侧部分，随后焊接平板再次放至型材杆的连接表面之间并且在已被向内挤压的焊珠变形的同时再次加热连接表面并且随后在移开焊接平板之后将两个型材杆的连接表面接合在一起。
然而，这种已知的方法不能在所有制造窗框所使用的型材杆的横截面和使用的塑料上实现所希望的效果。此外，缺点还在于在完成的窗框的连接位置区域中、在窗框的上面或正面上和在底部或背面上通常存在完全平坦的表面。
发明内容
本发明所基于的目的在于，提供一种用于焊接两个用于形成窗框的由塑料制成的型材的方法和可应用于此的装置，其能够应用于所有制造窗框所使用的型材杆的横截面和使用的塑料中并且借此在完成的窗框的连接位置区域中、在窗框的上面或正面和底部或背面上产生一种阴影槽(Schattennut)。
为了解决该目的，根据本发明在先前所述类型的方法中建议，在移除焊接平板之后，仅将在之后的窗框的可见面上的、在两个型材杆的连接点区域中产生的外部的焊珠略微向内推压并形成斜边，并且随后与内部的焊珠一起被去除并且随后将两个型材杆的连接表面接合在一起。根据通常形成为空心型材的型材杆的材料厚度，这种将外部的焊珠略微向内推压的意思是大约为0.5至1.5mm的推压。
这种方法能够应用于所有制造窗框所使用的型材杆的横截面和使用的塑料中并且实现一种阴影槽(Schattennut)，其改善窗框的外观。在窗框可见的表面上同样不存在焊珠。
附图说明
接下来，参照附图中的以非常简化的方式并且不按比例绘制的实施例进一步阐述本发明。
在此，图1至5只局部地显示了用于在顺次进行的方法步骤中执行本发明的装置的基本部件。
具体实施方式
在附图的图1至4中，仅可看到根据本发明的、用于焊接用于形成本身已知的窗口框架的型材杆的设备的所谓的限制斜面台1、滑块2和焊接平板3，这些是本身已知的并且因此未绘制的焊接头的组件。所绘制的限制斜面台1贴靠在仅局部可见的、由塑料构成的空心型材杆的上面上，型材杆的两个端面是斜切的并且型材杆的内部通常由相应安排的连接片分隔成多个大小不同的并且连续的腔室。在型材杆4的、在附图中不可见的底面上具有第二个优选与第一限制斜面台1相同并且镜像布置的限制斜面台1，其中型材杆4夹紧在这两个限定斜面台1之间并且型材杆的端面以预定的程度、通常大约为3mm突出于限制斜面台1的倾斜延伸的端面5。端面5以45到70°的锐角延伸，优选为60°。具有楔形的横断面和与型材杆4垂直延伸的端面7的滑块2在这个端面5上可滑动地引导，从而在端面7和每个限制斜面台1的基面之间存在直角或者近似于直角。
上述焊接头现在处理在仅在图5所示的第二型材杆4上，第二型材杆同样以上述方式夹紧在两个限制斜面台1之间并且其中限制斜面台1同样布置有滑块2。众所周知地，这一安排镜像地位于焊接平板3的另一侧。根据焊接机的设计，其能够安装两个、四个或六个焊接头。
为了开始焊接或接合过程，将通常首先位于型材杆4的区域外部并且加热的焊接平板3导入两个型材杆4的端面或连接表面之间，其中起初每个限制斜面台1与焊接平板3具有大约3mm的间隔(图1)。现在，以预定的力将型材杆4挤压到焊接平板3上。借此，两个型材杆4的端面或连接表面被加热并且熔化。在此，因为型材杆4的压紧力的大小在焊接平板3上维持不变，则每个限制斜面台1与焊接平板3之间的间隔缩短并且在每个型材杆4的壁的外部和内部以及在位于型材杆4内部的所有连接片上形成焊珠8a、8b(图2)，焊珠的形状能够是不同的并且可以与简易绘制的形状有偏差。一旦限制斜面台1与焊接平板3之间的间隔减少了约2/3，即约2毫米，则撤回压紧力并且将型材杆4从焊接平板3拉回。然后，将焊接平板3从型材杆4的区域中移除。
现在滑块2开始发挥作用。通过已知类型的未绘制的驱动装置将滑块沿限制斜面台1的端面6从根据图1和图2的位置移动至图3的位置。在这个位置上，滑块2的有利的略圆的尖端大约位于型材杆4的外壁的厚度的中间。在滑块2的移动期间，尤其产生在外部的、并且通过之前进行的加热而仍具有塑性的焊珠8a被强制向内或者向下推压例如大约1.1mm，其中焊珠8a和8b结合成更大的焊珠8c，其形状同样并不与所绘制的形状完全一致(图3)。
在随后的工作步骤中，例如保持在未绘制的滑动支架上的刀具9作为分离装置垂直于制图平面沿滑块2的端面7移动，其中至少分离型材杆4的焊珠8c的绝大部分(图4)。有利的是，如果未绘制的滑动支架上还容纳有另一把刀具9，从而在型材杆4的两个彼此连接的端面上同时分离焊珠8c的绝大部分。因此，窗角的两个分离装置被引导在共同的滑动支架上并且两个分离装置能够以未示出的方式高度可调地保持在滑动支架上。举例而言，焊珠8c的已分离的部分现在能够借助于气流从彼此连接的型材杆4的区域中去除。随后，两个滑块2首先从型材杆处往回移动足够的距离直到滑块处于壁的外部，如图5清楚所示。之后，将两个型材杆4的仍处于加热的、且由此塑性的状态的并且斜切延伸的端面彼此压紧并且焊接(图5)。从此图中可以看到，在两个型材杆4之间的连接位置区域中，表面上残留具有小的、具有V型横截面的凹槽10。根据滑块2的尖端的设计，这个凹槽10也能够具有稍微不同的形状。
能够在去除所分离的焊珠8c之后，重新将焊接平板3移动到两个型材杆4的区域中并且再相对于焊接平板3按压型材杆4。然而，这个挤压过程只短暂地并且在极低的压紧力下执行，从而借此仅略微地缩短型材杆4的长度，然而对型材杆4的端面再加热。根据型材杆4的种类和材料厚度，这种短时挤压过程的意思是大约2s到15s的持续时间。
众所周知，由塑料构成的用于形成窗框的型材杆4在窗框的上表面上或正面表面上很少完全平坦地形成。通常，在内部和/或外部边缘上具有斜面或圆角。为了确保在这些区域中不再产生外部的焊珠，能够例如使得滑块2具有表面形状。能够提供至少两个彼此独立的滑块2，其中第二滑块2与第一滑块2成角度地延伸。

Claims (8)

1.用于焊接两个由塑料制成的、用于形成窗框的空心型材杆(4)的方法，在该方法中，将彼此待连接的所述型材杆(4)通过在所述型材杆的连接表面之间插入焊接平板(3)并且将所述型材杆压紧到所述焊接平板(3)上而加热到预定的温度并在外部和内部形成焊珠(8a、8b)并且在移除所述焊接平板(3)之后通过压力彼此连接在一起，同时所述焊珠增大，其特征在于，在移除所述焊接平板(3)之后，仅将在随后的所述窗框的可见面上、在两个所述型材杆(4)的连接位置区域中产生的外部的焊珠(8a)略微向内推压并形成斜边，并且随后与内部的焊珠(8b)一起被去除并且随后将两个所述型材杆(4)的所述连接表面接合在一起。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在去除内部的和外部的焊珠(8a、8b)之后，将所述焊接平板(3)重新短暂地移动至所述型材杆(4)的所述连接表面之间并且再次加热所述连接表面。
3.用于执行根据权利要求1或2所述的方法的装置，所述装置由具有焊接平板(3)的焊接头和两个夹紧装置构成，所述夹紧装置中的每一个分别具有上部和下部的限制斜面台并且分别容纳两个所述型材杆(4)中的一个并且将所述型材杆的所述连接表面压向所述焊接平板(3)，其特征在于，在限制斜面台彼此面向的斜面区域中为每个所述限制斜面台(1)配备至少一个能够垂直于随后形成的窗框的可见面移动的滑块(2)，所述滑块用于所述焊珠(8a、8b)的变形，其中每个所述限制斜面台(1)配备有分离装置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，每个所述限制斜面台(1)的与滑块配合的端面(5)沿45°至70°的角度向所述限制斜面台的基面延伸。
5.根据权利要求4中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述滑块(2)具有楔形的横断面并且所述滑块的自由端面(7)与每个所述限制斜面台(1)的所述基面形成直角或者近似于直角。
6.根据权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于，所述分离装置形成为刀具(9)并且能够平行于随后形成的窗框的表面移动。
7.根据权利要求6所述的装置，其特征在于，窗角的两个所述分离装置在共同的滑动支架上引导。
8.根据权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在与，两个所述分离装置高度可调节地保持在所述滑动支架上。
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