CN109010356A - 调节肠道菌群和防治便秘的组合物及其应用 - Google Patents
调节肠道菌群和防治便秘的组合物及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109010356A CN109010356A CN201811188778.4A CN201811188778A CN109010356A CN 109010356 A CN109010356 A CN 109010356A CN 201811188778 A CN201811188778 A CN 201811188778A CN 109010356 A CN109010356 A CN 109010356A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种调节肠道菌群和防治便秘的组合物及应用，该组合物包括低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、低聚麦芽糖、果胶和菊粉，且按质量比计，低聚果糖∶低聚半乳糖∶低聚麦芽糖∶果胶∶菊粉为1～3.1∶3～4.24∶1～1.61∶3～4.4∶3～4.24，该组合物原料易得、无副作用、口感好、可食用性强且可持续服用，持续服用后可显著提高肠道中乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和普氏栖粪杆菌丰度，增加排便次数，对便秘有明显的缓解保持。本发明的组合物可用于改善肠道功能、防治便秘的保健品、食物或药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及保健品领域，尤其涉及一种调节肠道菌群和防治便秘的组合物及其应用。
背景技术
人体肠道内大约存在着1014个微生物，约为人体细胞数量的10倍，肠道微生物包括细菌、古菌、真菌，其中细菌占绝大多数，肠道菌群构成与生活习惯，饮食和宿主的基因密切相关，个体间存在着较大的差异。厚壁菌门(30％～50％)，拟杆菌门(20％～40％)，放线菌门(1％～10％)，这三个门在人体肠道菌群中占支配地位，厌氧菌如拟杆菌属，真杆菌属，双歧杆菌属，梭菌属，消化链球菌属和奇异菌属占了消化道菌群的主要部分，而兼性厌氧菌如乳酸杆菌，肠球菌，链球菌，肠杆菌等只占了很小的一部分。肠道菌群与宿主构成微生态系统，参与营养物质消化吸收、合成、免疫调节、能量代谢等生命活动，构成肠道黏膜的保护屏障。
便秘是消化系统一个常见的临床症状，在中国便秘的发病率约为8.2％，表现为粪便干结，排便困难或不尽感、粪便重量和次数减少，而慢性功能性便秘或者习惯性便秘是指原发性的持续性便秘，包括慢传输型便秘、盆底或排便功能障碍、混合型便秘等类型，在临床上把它视为一个独立的疾病。引发慢性功能性便秘的原因尚不明确，包括饮水较少、情绪紧张、不良排便习惯、滥用泻药等。便秘严重影响生活质量，耗费大量金钱与医疗资源，但目前临床治疗效果却不尽如人意，往往停药便复发，因此寻找新的治疗方法或改进现有的治疗方法，可大大改善患者生活质量与减少社会医疗负担。而目前越来越多的研究表明便秘与肠道菌群的失调密切相关，为便秘的预防与治疗提供了新的思路。
便秘患者肠道微生物发生失调。G Zoppi等通过对意大利的28个慢性功能性便秘儿童，14个健康对照儿童的粪便进行细菌培养发现，便秘患者与健康对照相比，梭状芽胞杆菌，双歧杆菌丰度降低；I.L.Khalif通过对爱尔兰的57个慢性便秘患者，25健康对照的粪便细菌培养发现；便秘患者与健康对照相比，双歧杆菌属与乳酸杆菌属丰度降低；Seong EunKim通过对韩国30个便秘患者，30个健康对照进行qPCR鉴定粪便菌群发现，便秘患者与健康对照相比，拟杆菌属，双歧杆菌属丰度降低。但细菌培养法与qPCR法鉴定菌群存在着极大的局限性，鉴定通量小，不能全面鉴定所有菌群。16S测序技术的出现为更高维度观测肠道菌群奠定基础，Lixin Zhu利用16S高通量测序技术，测定了美国14个肥胖便秘患者以及8个肥胖对照的粪便菌群，发现便秘患者与健康对照相比，拟杆菌门，普氏菌属，普雷沃氏菌科丰度降低，而粪球菌属，瘤胃球菌属，梭菌属等升高。
进一步的研究表明益生菌/益生元的应用，对便秘的症状具有改善作用。KoebnickC通过对70个成年便秘患者进行双盲试验，发现干酪乳杆菌可提高便秘患者的主观感受与降低粪便的硬度。对婴儿及儿童的功能性便秘，益生菌亦有改善症状的作用。Indrio F等通过对44个婴儿进行双盲试验，表明Lactobacillus reuter可提高便秘婴儿的肠蠕动，增加排便次数。
因此开发针对肠道菌群的治疗便秘的，无副作用可持续服用的产品是必要和具有明确前景的。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术的不足，提供一种原料易得、无副作用、口感好、可食用性强且可持续服用的能调节肠道菌群和防治便秘的组合物。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用以下技术方案：
调节肠道菌群和防治便秘的组合物，所述组合物包括低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、低聚麦芽糖、果胶和菊粉，且按质量比计，低聚果糖∶低聚半乳糖∶低聚麦芽糖∶果胶∶菊粉为1～3.1∶3～4.24∶1～1.61∶3～4.4∶3～4.24。
上述的调节肠道菌群和防治便秘的组合物，优选地，所述组合物还包括水，且按质量比计，低聚果糖∶低聚半乳糖∶低聚麦芽糖∶果胶∶菊粉∶水为1～3∶3～4.2∶1～1.6∶3～4∶3～4.2∶3～9。
上述的调节肠道菌群和防治便秘的组合物，优选地，按质量百分含量计，包括如下组分：低聚果糖5～15％、低聚半乳糖15～21％、低聚麦芽糖5～8％、果胶15～20％、菊粉15～21％和水。
上述的调节肠道菌群和防治便秘的组合物，优选地，按质量百分含量计，包括如下组分：低聚果糖7.1～21.3％、低聚半乳糖21.3～30.1％、低聚麦芽糖7.1～11.4％、果胶21.3～31.2％和菊粉21.3～30.1％。
上述的调节肠道菌群和防治便秘的组合物，优选地，所述组合物中还含有保健品或药物可接受的添加剂。
作为一个总的发明构思，本发明还公开了前述的组合物在改善肠道功能、防治便秘的保健品、食物或药物的应用。
上述的应用，优选地，所述食品为酸奶、面包、茶叶、糖果或液体饮料。
与现有技术相比，本发明的优点在于：
(1)本发明经过大量研究，得到一种无副作用、口感好、可连续服用的调节肠道菌群和防治便秘的组合物，采用特定的组分配比，能有效调节肠道菌群、促进肠道蠕动和巩固肠道功能，持续服用可明显提高便秘人员的排便次数、改善其便秘症状。受试者在连续服用该组合物两周后肠道内的益生菌乳酸杆菌(Lactobacillus)、双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium)和普氏栖粪杆菌(Faecalibacterium prausnitzii)显著增高，其中乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌通过联合低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、低聚麦芽糖等，降低肠蠕动时间、增加排便次数、降低粪便硬度，改善便秘症状，果胶能促进肠道蠕动，并增加香味，增强口感；普氏栖粪杆菌可调节肠道免疫系统、氧化应激和结肠上皮细胞的代谢，还可以发酵产生丁酸，使肠道的酸碱度降低，有效地促进肠道内双歧杆菌的生长。
(2)由于该组合物热量含量低，适合各个人群的长期服用，本品可用于保健品或药品，也可与加入酸奶、面包、茶叶等中作为调味品使用，使用方便，人群可接受程度高。
附图说明
图1为45名便秘人员在服用组合物前，服用组合物2周和4周之后，所取粪便中对应乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和普氏栖粪杆菌的丰度变化图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合说明书附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
实施例
本实施例中，选取45名便秘人员，按照20克/天的服用量连续服用如下组合物4周，本组合物为复合低聚糖浆成分，组合物的成分如下：按质量百分含量计，含低聚果糖5％，低聚半乳糖20％，低聚麦芽糖5％，果胶20％，菊粉20％，水30％。
本品采用合适的配比，可调节肠道菌群，能有效提高有益菌乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌、普氏栖粪杆菌的丰度，促进肠道蠕动，持续服用可改善便秘症状。
低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、低聚麦芽糖：具有促进肠道有益菌增殖、肠道蠕动作用。
果胶：能增加香味，增强口感，促进肠道蠕动。
菊粉：天然果聚糖，促进肠道有益菌增殖。
本品组合物也可不含水，当不含水时，组合物的成分如下：按质量百分含量计，含低聚果糖7.1％，低聚半乳糖28.6％，低聚麦芽糖7.1％，果胶28.6％，菊粉28.6％。可将不含水的组合物制成其他的剂型，例如片剂或丸剂或胶囊或颗粒剂或粉剂等。
在未服用前采取一次粪便，每服用两周采取一次粪便，采用16S高通量测序检测肠道菌群的变化，同时问询其便秘相关症状信息，得到的数据如图1和表1-4所示。
组合物干预效果验证：
图1为便秘人员在服用组合物前，服用组合物2周和4周之后，所取粪便中对应乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和普氏栖粪杆菌的丰度变化，可见在服用组合物之后，乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和普氏栖粪杆菌的丰度均在服用2周后显著升高，服用4周与服用2周相比，丰度变化不大，表明在持续服用组合物之后，有益菌的增长到了一个相对稳定的状态。
表1为45名便秘人员在未服用组合物前，服用2周和4周后，所取粪便中测得的各细菌丰度，从表1中可看出服用2周之后益生菌乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和普氏栖粪杆菌显著增高，证实产品对肠道菌群起到了显著的有益调节作用，在服用4周之后，与第2周相比，这几种益生菌的丰度依然维持在一个较高的水平，因正常人的菌群处在一个动态的变化状态，故第2周、第4周的菌群可能存在一定的变化，总体而言第2周与第4周相比，益生菌的水平维持在较高的水平，其丰度存在着轻微的变化甚至降低，但依然高于未干预前的水平，表明持续服用本组合物可有效提高菌乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和普氏栖粪杆菌这些有益菌的丰度，促进排便，并改善肠道健康和便秘情况。
表1：
表2为对表1中的数据进行整理得到，通过对干预前、干预2周、干预4周所取粪便中的三种有益菌的丰度进行对比，通过秩和检验检验它们之间的差异是否具有统计学意义，一般认为P值小于或等于0.05，则对比的两组差异是显著的，可见干预2周、干预4周与干预前相比，这三种菌的丰度均呈增加趋势。平均值为每种细菌丰度的平均值统计数据，从表2中可以得出，干预2周和4周的乳酸杆菌、双歧杆菌和普氏栖粪杆菌的丰度与干预前相比，显著增加，2周和4周相比，变化虽然不再规律，但这三种细菌的丰度维持在相对稳定的状态，表明持续服用该组合物有效。
表2：
表3为45名便秘人群在服用组合物前、服用2周和4周后对应的每周排便次数，从表3中可看出，服用2周之后，排便次数显著增多，便秘相关的症状得到显著的缓解，还可得出，服用4周与2周相比，便秘的缓解保持较为稳定的状态。
表3：
表4为对表3的数据进行进一步整理得到，通过对干预前、干预2周、干预4周的排便次数进行对比，通过秩和检验检验它们之间的差异是否具有统计学意义，一般认为P值小于或等于0.05，则对比的两组差异是显著的，可见干预2周、干预4周与干预前相比，排便次数均是增加的。平均值为排便次数平均值统计数据，从表4中可得出，干预后2周和4周排便次数干预前相比，显著增加，干预2周和干预4周相比，排便次数虽然没有规律，但维持在相对稳定的状态。
表4：
由于本组合物可为复合低聚糖浆成分，热量含量低，适合各个人群的长期服用，本品可用于保健品或药品；也可与加入酸奶、面包、茶叶等食品中作为调味品使用，或加入糖果或饮料中调味，使用方便，人群可接受程度高。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上，然而并非用以限定本发明。任何熟悉本领域的技术人员，在不脱离本发明技术方案范围的情况下，都可利用上述揭示的技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰，或修改为等同变化的等效实施例。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均应落在本发明技术方案保护的范围内。
Claims (7)
1.调节肠道菌群和防治便秘的组合物，其特征在于，所述组合物包括低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、低聚麦芽糖、果胶和菊粉，且按质量比计，低聚果糖∶低聚半乳糖∶低聚麦芽糖∶果胶∶菊粉为1～3.1∶3～4.24∶1～1.61∶3～4.4∶3～4.24。
2.如权利要求1所述的调节肠道菌群和防治便秘的组合物，其特征在于，所述组合物还包括水，且按质量比计，低聚果糖∶低聚半乳糖∶低聚麦芽糖∶果胶∶菊粉∶水为1～3∶3～4.2∶1～1.6∶3～4∶3～4.2∶3～9。
3.如权利要求2所述的调节调节肠道菌群和防治便秘的组合物，其特征在于，按质量百分含量计，包括如下组分：低聚果糖5～15％、低聚半乳糖15～21％、低聚麦芽糖5～8％、果胶15～20％、菊粉15～21％和水。
4.如权利要求1所述的调节肠道菌群和防治便秘的组合物，其特征在于，按质量百分含量计，包括如下组分：低聚果糖7.1～21.3％、低聚半乳糖21.3～30.1％、低聚麦芽糖7.1～11.4％、果胶21.3～31.2％和菊粉21.3～30.1％。
5.如权利要求1～4任意一项所述的调节肠道菌群和防治便秘的组合物，其特征在于，所述组合物中还含有保健品或药物可接受的添加剂。
6.根据权利要求1～5任意一项所述的组合物在改善肠道功能、防治便秘的保健品、食物或药物的应用。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用，其特征在于，所述食品为酸奶、面包、茶叶、糖果或液体饮料。
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Application publication date: 20181218 |