CN108208843A - 一种调节肠道菌群的保健组合物及其用途 - Google Patents
一种调节肠道菌群的保健组合物及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种调节肠道菌群的保健组合物及其用途，属于保健品领域。该调节肠道菌群的保健组合物，其由如下组分制备得到：壳聚糖10‑20份、低聚木糖20‑40份、低聚半乳糖14‑20份、菊粉3‑15份、多聚果糖5‑20份、透明质酸钠3‑10份、复合益生菌粉40‑60份。试验表明，其具有显著调节肠道菌群的作用，适合制备成相关产品推广应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种调节肠道菌群的保健组合物及其用途，属于保健品领域。
背景技术
肠道菌群，人体肠道的正常微生物，如双歧杆菌，乳酸杆菌等能合成多种人体生长发育必须的维生素，如B族维生素(维生素B1、B2、B6、B12)，维生素K，烟酸、泛酸等，还能利用蛋白质残渣合成必需氨基酸，如天冬门氨酸、苯丙氨酸、缬氨酸和苏氨酸等，并参与糖类和蛋白质的代谢，同时还能促进铁、镁、锌等矿物元素的吸收。这些营养物质对人类的健康有着重要作用，一旦缺少会引起多种疾病。人体肠道内寄生着10万亿个细菌，它们能影响体重和消化能力、抵御感染和自体免疫疾病的患病风险，还能控制人体对癌症治疗药物的反应。
人类与微生物之间的动态平衡称为微生态平衡，影响其微生态平衡的因素有外环境因素，也有宿主因素。外环境主要是通过改变宿主的生理功能产生的，如有益菌菌群，通过产生细菌素，抗生素和其代谢产物，以及争夺营养，空间争夺以阻止过路菌群入侵，保持自身的稳定性。生态平衡时，可以保持宿主的正常生理功能，如营养、免疫、消化等。生态失调可因慢性病，癌症，手术，辐射感染，抗生素不合理应用等引起。
影响肠道菌群的主要因素有4个方面：人体自身的因素(肠道的酸碱性，胆汁及消化酶的分泌，肠道的蠕动，肠道黏液的分泌，肠道表皮的脱离等)以及人所处的环境因素(压力，出差等)；人体摄入的饮食(可消化的食物与不可消化的纤维、药物等)；细菌自身因素(细菌的黏附能力，繁殖能力，营养需求量，抗消化酶能力等)；细菌之间的相互作用(营养竞争，相互抑制作用，协同作用等)。
肠道菌群处于健康的平衡状态(大肠内的益生菌数量是有害菌的1千倍到1万倍)，致病菌或者条件致病菌以很少的数目存在，它们产生的有毒代谢物不足以对宿主的健康产生危害。但当上述所说的4个方面的因素急剧变化，肠道内有益菌数量大量减少，有害菌数量疯狂增长，肠道菌群平衡被打破，人体就会出现腹泻、便秘、消化不良等症状。肠道菌群平衡被打破，结果就是健康的受损。所以，为了保证肠道日常正常运作，除了在日常生活中合理饮食，正常作息外，还有补充足够的益生元，增殖肠道有益菌，让肠道保持健康。调查数据显示，人体人均日常实际益生元入量为2—8g/d，距离人体日常所需最少摄入量——15g还有一定差距。所以，一般人要保证肠道每日所需益生元，则需要额外补充。
中国发明专利200510033150.3公开了一种含有壳聚糖的酸奶粉，它主要是由下列重量份的成分组成：壳聚糖1～5份、奶粉50～80份、酸化剂0.5～5份、果珍5～15份、活性乳酸菌冻干粉1～5份，还含有能调整口味的甜味剂，低聚果糖、低聚半乳糖、大豆低聚糖、乳果糖和低聚异麦芽糖的物质，有利于维持和促进乳酸菌生长，具有含有能调节肠道微环境的壳聚糖，其包含的益生菌比较单一，对于肠道菌群的调节作用有限。
中国专利申请201610510521.0提供了一种调节肠道菌群的复合微生态制剂，主要由以下重量份组分制成：益生菌1份，益生元8-15份；所述益生菌为包括嗜酸乳杆菌和长双岐杆菌的肠溶衣包被冻干粉，所述益生元包括菊粉、低聚果糖、低聚异麦芽糖和果胶膳食纤维。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新的调节肠道菌群的保健组合物，该调节肠道菌群的保健组合物具有显著调节肠道菌群的作用，有效提高了益生菌的数量，具有十分广阔的应用前景。
一种调节肠道菌群的保健组合物，其由如下组分制备得到：壳聚糖10-20份、低聚木糖20-40份、低聚半乳糖14-20份、菊粉3-15份、多聚果糖5-20份、透明质酸钠3-10份、复合益生菌粉40-60份。
其中所述的复合益生菌粉由如下重量份的组分组成：嗜酸乳杆菌19-40份、干酪乳杆菌干酪亚种3-20份、长双歧杆菌15-30份、两歧双歧杆菌20-35份、乳双歧杆菌20-40份、嗜热链球菌15-25份、罗伊氏乳杆菌3-20份。
作为本发明优选的一种实施方式，所述的调节肠道菌群的保健组合物由如下组分制备得到：壳聚糖15份、低聚木糖30份、低聚半乳糖17份、菊粉9份、多聚果糖12.5份、透明质酸钠6.5份、复合益生菌粉50份。
作为本发明优选的一种实施方式，所述的复合益生菌粉由如下重量份的组分组成：嗜酸乳杆菌30份、干酪乳杆菌干酪亚种12份、长双歧杆菌23份、两歧双歧杆菌28份、乳双歧杆菌30份、嗜热链球菌20份、罗伊氏乳杆菌12份。
本发明所述的保健组合物中：
壳聚糖(chitosan)又称脱乙酰甲壳素，是由自然界广泛存在的几丁质(chitin)经过脱乙酰作用得到的，化学名称为聚葡萄糖胺(1-4)-2-氨基-B-D葡萄糖。自1859年，法国人Rouget首先得到壳聚糖后，这种天然高分子的生物官能性和相容性、血液相容性、安全性、微生物降解性等优良性能被各行各业广泛关注，在医药、食品、化工、化妆品、水处理、金属提取及回收、生化和生物医学工程等诸多领域的应用研究取得了重大进展。针对患者，壳聚糖降血脂、降血糖的作用已有研究报告。同时，壳聚糖被作为增稠剂、被膜剂列入国家食品添加剂使用标准GB-2760。
低聚木糖又称木寡糖，是由2-7个木糖分子以β-1,4糖苷键结合而成的功能性聚合糖。与通常人们所用的大豆低聚糖、低聚果糖、低聚异麦芽糖等相比具有独特的优势，它可以选择性地促进肠道双歧杆菌的增殖活性。其双歧因子功能是其它聚合糖类的10-20倍。低聚木糖是聚合糖类中增殖双歧杆菌功能最强的品种之一，它的功效性是其他聚合糖类的近20倍，人体胃肠道内没有水解低聚木糖的酶，所以其可直接进入大肠内优先为双歧杆菌所利用，促进双歧杆菌增殖同时产生多种有机酸。降低肠道PH值，抑制有害菌生长，使益生菌在肠道大量增殖，达到上述的保健功效，这就是低聚木糖的保健奥秘所在。
低聚半乳糖(Galactooligosaccharides，GOS)是一种具有天然属性的功能性低聚糖，其分子结构一般是在半乳糖或葡萄糖分子上连接1～7个半乳糖基，即Gal-(Gal)n-Glc/Gal(n为0-6)。在自然界中，动物的乳汁中存在微量的GOS，而人母乳中含量较多，婴儿体内的双歧杆菌菌群的建立很大程度上依赖母乳中的GOS成分。
菊粉是一种天然的水溶性膳食纤维，几乎不能被胃酸水解和消化，只有在结肠被有益微生物利用，从而改善肠道环境。有研究表明，双歧杆菌的增殖程度取决于人体大肠中初始双歧杆菌的数量，当初始双歧杆菌数量减少时，使用菊粉后增殖效果明显，当初始双歧杆菌的数量多时，使用菊粉后效果并不明显。其次，摄入菊粉后能调节肠道微生物菌群，改善肠道健康，防止便秘，增强胃肠道蠕动，提高肠胃功能，增加消化和食欲，提高机体免疫力。
多聚果糖是从菊苣根中提取的、具有保健功能的低聚糖，由α-果糖以β-1,2糖苷键连接，在其末端接一个葡萄糖残基而形成的，分子式为(C6H12O6)-(C6H10O5)n(n＝2～60)，平均聚合度(average degreeof polymerization)≥23，相对分子质量344～11 400。多聚果糖是一种优良的水溶性膳食纤维，可以预防便秘与结肠癌、降低血液胆固醇、稳定血糖水平；同时还是一种很好的“益生元”，具有调节肠道菌群、增殖双歧杆菌、促进钙的吸收、促进免疫调节、抗龋齿等保健功能，可减少肝脏毒素，能在肠中生成抗癌的有机酸，有显著的防癌功能。多聚果糖被誉为抗生素时代后最具潜力的新一代添加剂——促生物质，在法国被称为原生素(hormone maternelle)。
透明质酸钠是广泛存在于动物和人体的生理活性物质，在人皮肤、关节滑膜液、脐带、房水及眼玻璃体中均有分布。分子量为500000～730000道尔顿，其溶液具有高黏弹性及仿形性。
复合益生菌粉对人体健康有益的微生物，能维持肠道健康平衡，主要包括双歧杆菌类和乳杆菌类，具有肠道保健，增强免疫，调节作用等功能。
申请人在实验中发现，壳聚糖、菊粉以及透明质酸钠的配比对于复合益生菌的保健作用影响较大，作为本发明所优选的一种实施方式，所述的调节肠道菌群的保健组合物中壳聚糖、菊粉以及透明质酸钠的重量比为5:3:2。此时其对于益生菌调节作用促进最大。
作为本发明所优选的一种实施方式，所述的壳聚糖与复合益生菌的重量比为3:8-12，更优选为3:10。这主要是由于壳聚糖、菊粉以及透明质酸钠所组合的有效组分与复合益生菌的相互协调所致。
试验结果表明：按lg CFU计，给样前各组间小鼠粪便肠杆菌、肠球菌、产气荚膜梭菌、乳杆菌和双歧杆菌菌落数均无统计学差异。给样后，与正常对照组相比，实施例1-实施例5的肠杆菌、肠球菌显著降低，乳杆菌和双歧杆菌显著升高，产气荚膜梭菌无变化，对比实施例1除产气荚膜梭菌稍微升高外菌群变化趋势与实施例1-实施例5相同。对比实施例2的双歧杆菌无明显变化，其余菌群变化趋势与实施例1-5相同。这表明本发明所述的保健组合物在调节肠道菌群方面优于对比实施例1和对比实施例2，在本发明实施例1-实施例5中，实施例3的益生菌的升高幅度和有害菌的降低幅度最大，为本发明的最佳实施例。
本发明与现有技术的优势：
1)本发明保健组合物中的选用组分均为安全可靠的组分，其相互配合后不会危害相关人群健康。
2)本发明保健组合物可以升高肠道菌群中的益生菌比例，对于腹泻、便秘、消化不良等常见肠道疾病均具有很好的调节和治疗效果。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体实施例进一步描述本发明，但所述实施例并不以任何方式限定本发明专利保护的范围。
实施例1
一种调节肠道菌群的保健组合物，其由如下组分制备得到：壳聚糖10-20份、低聚木糖20份、低聚半乳糖14份、菊粉3份、多聚果糖5份、透明质酸钠3份、复合益生菌粉40份。
其中所述的复合益生菌粉由如下重量份的组分组成：嗜酸乳杆菌19份、干酪乳杆菌干酪亚种3份、长双歧杆菌15份、两歧双歧杆菌20份、乳双歧杆菌20份、嗜热链球菌15份、罗伊氏乳杆菌3份。
实施例2
一种调节肠道菌群的保健组合物，其由如下组分制备得到：壳聚糖10-20份、低聚木糖40份、低聚半乳糖20份、菊粉15份、多聚果糖20份、透明质酸钠10份、复合益生菌粉60份。
其中所述的复合益生菌粉由如下重量份的组分组成：嗜酸乳杆菌40份、干酪乳杆菌干酪亚种20份、长双歧杆菌30份、两歧双歧杆菌35份、乳双歧杆菌40份、嗜热链球菌25份、罗伊氏乳杆菌20份。
实施例3
一种调节肠道菌群的保健组合物，其由如下组分制备得到：壳聚糖15份、低聚木糖30份、低聚半乳糖17份、菊粉9份、多聚果糖12.5份、透明质酸钠6.5份、复合益生菌粉50份。
其中所述的复合益生菌粉由如下重量份的组分组成：嗜酸乳杆菌30份、干酪乳杆菌干酪亚种12份、长双歧杆菌23份、两歧双歧杆菌28份、乳双歧杆菌30份、嗜热链球菌20份、罗伊氏乳杆菌12份。
实施例4
一种调节肠道菌群的保健组合物，其由如下组分制备得到：壳聚糖10-20份、低聚木糖20份、低聚半乳糖20份、菊粉3份、多聚果糖20份、透明质酸钠3份、复合益生菌粉60份。
其中所述的复合益生菌粉由如下重量份的组分组成：嗜酸乳杆菌19份、干酪乳杆菌干酪亚种20份、长双歧杆菌15份、两歧双歧杆菌35份、乳双歧杆菌20份、嗜热链球菌25份、罗伊氏乳杆菌3份。
实施例5
一种调节肠道菌群的保健组合物，其由如下组分制备得到：壳聚糖10-20份、低聚木糖40份、低聚半乳糖14份、菊粉15份、多聚果糖5份、透明质酸钠10份、复合益生菌粉40份。
其中所述的复合益生菌粉由如下重量份的组分组成：嗜酸乳杆菌40份、干酪乳杆菌干酪亚种3份、长双歧杆菌30份、两歧双歧杆菌20份、乳双歧杆菌40份、嗜热链球菌15份、罗伊氏乳杆菌20份。
对比实施例1按照200510033150.3实施例1制备得到。
对比实施例2按照201610510521.0实施例1制备得到。
实施例6本发明保健组合物的肠道菌群调节作用
选取检疫合格的雄性Balb/c小鼠96只(SPF级)，体重范围19.2～22.9g，实验动物按体重随机分为8组，即正常对照组、实施例1-5组，对比实施例1-2组，每组12只，按20mL/kg灌胃给予相应受试物(正常对照组灌胃给予等量蒸馏水)，每日一次，连续给样30d。给予受试物前及末次给样24h后检测肠道菌群。
雄性Balb/c小鼠给予受试物前及末次给样后24h，按《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》2003版规定检测肠道菌群菌落数，连续两只小鼠的粪便放入同一无菌离心管，结果以菌落数的对数值(lg CFU)表示，并按规范规定的结果判定标准对实验结果进行分析。
表1给予本发明保健组合物后对于肠道菌lgCFU的影响
试验结果表明：按lg CFU计，给样前各组间小鼠粪便肠杆菌、肠球菌、产气荚膜梭菌、乳杆菌和双歧杆菌菌落数均无统计学差异。给样后，与正常对照组相比，实施例1-实施例5的肠杆菌、肠球菌显著降低，乳杆菌和双歧杆菌显著升高，产气荚膜梭菌无变化，对比实施例1除产气荚膜梭菌稍微升高外菌群变化趋势与实施例1-实施例5相同。对比实施例2的双歧杆菌无明显变化，其余菌群变化趋势与实施例1-5相同。这表明本发明所述的保健组合物在调节肠道菌群方面优于对比实施例1和对比实施例2，在本发明实施例1-实施例5中，实施例3的益生菌的升高幅度和有害菌的降低幅度最大，为本发明的最佳实施例。
Claims (7)
1.一种调节肠道菌群的保健组合物，其由如下组分制备得到：壳聚糖10-20份、低聚木糖20-40份、低聚半乳糖14-20份、菊粉3-15份、多聚果糖5-20份、透明质酸钠3-10份、复合益生菌粉40-60份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的所述的调节肠道菌群的保健组合物，其特征在于，所述的调节肠道菌群的保健组合物由如下组分制备得到：壳聚糖15份、低聚木糖30份、低聚半乳糖17份、菊粉9份、多聚果糖12.5份、透明质酸钠6.5份、复合益生菌粉50份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的所述的调节肠道菌群的保健组合物，其特征在于，所述的调节肠道菌群的保健组合物中壳聚糖、菊粉以及透明质酸钠的重量比为5:3:2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的所述的调节肠道菌群的保健组合物，其特征在于，所述的壳聚糖与复合益生菌的重量比为3:8-12。
5.根据权利要求4所述的所述的调节肠道菌群的保健组合物，其特征在于，所述的壳聚糖与复合益生菌的重量比为3:10。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的所述的调节肠道菌群的保健组合物，其特征在于，所述的复合益生菌粉由如下重量份的组分组成：嗜酸乳杆菌19-40份、干酪乳杆菌干酪亚种3-20份、长双歧杆菌15-30份、两歧双歧杆菌20-35份、乳双歧杆菌20-40份、嗜热链球菌15-25份、罗伊氏乳杆菌3-20份。
7.根据权利要求6所述的所述的调节肠道菌群的保健组合物，其特征在于，所述的复合益生菌粉由如下重量份的组分组成：嗜酸乳杆菌30份、干酪乳杆菌干酪亚种12份、长双歧杆菌23份、两歧双歧杆菌28份、乳双歧杆菌30份、嗜热链球菌20份、罗伊氏乳杆菌12份。
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