CN109006245A - A kind of strawberry cultivation method preventing and treating gray mold - Google Patents
A kind of strawberry cultivation method preventing and treating gray mold Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/06—Coating or dressing seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
- A61L2/18—Liquid substances or solutions comprising solids or dissolved gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The present invention relates to strawberry cultivating technical field, specially a kind of strawberry cultivation method for preventing and treating gray mold includes the following steps: that S1 site preparation is planted；S2 seed treatment；S3 field management；S4 harvesting, implantation methods of the invention, reduce the disease incidence of gray mold, reduce diseased fruit rate, wherein, diseased fruit rate reaches 5-6%, the growth cycle of strawberry is also shortened, growth cycle about shortens 35-40 days, further improves the exterior quality of strawberry, so that strawberry juice is more, the glow of juice color, is of moderate size, sweet and sour taste, the disease resistance of strawberry is also improved, has higher control efficiency to wilt disease, leaf spot, anthracnose, powdery mildew, phytophthora fruit rot, comprehensive diseased fruit rate reaches 15-20%, also, crop is made to be not easy to develop drug resistance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to strawberry cultivating technical field, specially a kind of strawberry cultivation method for preventing and treating gray mold.
Background technique
Fragaria herbaceos perennial, beautiful in colour, soft and succulency, moderately sour and sweet, the 6%-12% containing sugar in berry have
Machine acid 1.0%-1.5%, protein 0.4%-0.8%, 50-120mg containing vitamin C in every 100g fruit, and rich in phosphorus, calcium,
The minerals such as iron, zinc.
Gray mold often results in flower and a large amount of of fruit is rotted, susceptible variety diseased fruit rate can as one of strawberry Major Diseases
Up to 30%-60%.Grey mould fruit rot of strawberry is a kind of important strawberry fungal disease caused by having Botrytis cinerea dip dyeing, and pathogen is in flower
Phase invades the tissues such as fruit, petal, blade by epidermis or wound and causes damages, and early stage water occurs at petal and calyx
Stain shape spot, later period brown spot and fruit rot, while site of disease forms conidium.
Currently, the pesticide control of gray mold mainly has: carbendazim, procymidone, pyrimethanil, cyprodinil, Wuyiencin etc.,
Have the characteristics that save labour and cost, quick, but be also easy to produce drug resistance, therefore, studies one kind and delay drug resistance, prevention and treatment
The strawberry cultivation method of gray mold is extremely urgent.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of strawberry cultivation methods for preventing and treating gray mold.
Specifically realized according to following technical scheme:
A kind of strawberry cultivation method preventing and treating gray mold, includes the following steps:
The plantation of S1 site preparation: 1200-2000kg/ mus of farmyard manure, the soil conditioner 10- of the ferment containing garlic are applied to planting site
15kg/ mus, the soil conditioner is made of the raw material of following weight parts: 60-70 parts of gangue, 5-10 parts of ardealite,
Activate Ferromanganese Ore 10-16 parts, 0.1-0.2 parts of linoleic acid, 0.3-0.5 parts of caffeic acid, 3-4 parts of sodium alginate, 1-4 parts of chitosan；
Plough deeply make soil is fine crushing, loam be uniformly mixed, then bedding, the high 15-20cm of furrow, the wide 46-50cm of furrow face；Available quality before planting
The eugenol that concentration is 2-5% is sprayed to wet soil layer 3-4cm, every 2 row of ridge cultivation, line-spacing 26-30cm, hill spacing 18-22cm, mu cultivation
11500-12000 plants；
S2 seed treatment: seed being placed in 40-50 DEG C of nutrient solution and impregnate 1-2h, then pulled out, by seed and cultivation
Matrix is by 1:(2.5-3.5) mass ratio be sufficiently mixed after, with incandescent lamp irradiate 2-3 days after can sow；
S3 field management: it is primary in the difference top dressing of growth period, the phase of yielding positive results and flower_bud formation phase respectively, it applies per acre organic
Inorganic composite fertilizer 10-15kg, green tea water 0.8-2.2kg；
S4 harvesting: Strawberry Seedlings are bloomed, bearing fruit to berry colours, and softening harvests after savory.
The farmyard manure of the ferment containing garlic, is made of the raw material of following weight parts: 30-40 parts of cow dung, wormcast 2-4
Part, 50-60 parts of pig manure, 5-10 parts of duck excrement, 1-4 parts of garlic ferment.
The nutrient solution is made of the raw material of following weight parts: 5-8 parts of ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, 1-2 parts of bamboo vinegar, Boscalid
0.05-0.06 parts, 0.2-0.3 parts of calcium oxide, 0.5-0.6 parts of magnesium chloride, 0.7-0.9 parts of potassium chloride, 1-2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, purifying
20-25 parts of water.
The cultivation matrix is made of the raw material of following weight parts: 10-20 parts of banana skin, 12-18 parts of watermelon peel, pawpaw
3-7 parts of skin, 3-7 parts of flyash, 16-25 parts of kaolin, 3-9 parts of capsicum, 15-30 parts of corncob, 2-6 parts of walnut shell, locust bean
3-7 parts of glue, 0.1-0.3 parts of Se-enriched yeast.
The composite organic-inorganic fertilizer is made of the raw material of following weight parts: 20-25 parts of cow dung, 12-17 parts of duck excrement, urine
10-11 parts plain, 6-9 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP), 2-8 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 1-4 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-4 parts of calcium sulfate, 2-3 parts of magnesium sulfate.
Polyphenol content accounts for 0.03-0.05% in the green tea water.
Contain Daidezin in the green tea water, Daidezin content accounts for 0.1-0.3 ‰.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
Implantation methods of the invention reduce the disease incidence of gray mold, reduce diseased fruit rate, wherein and diseased fruit rate reaches 5-6%,
The growth cycle of strawberry is also shortened, growth cycle about shortens 35-40 days, the exterior quality of strawberry is further improved, so that careless
Certain kind of berries juice is more, the glow of juice color, is of moderate size, sweet and sour taste, the disease resistance of strawberry is also improved, to wilt disease, leaf spot, anthrax
Disease, powdery mildew, phytophthora fruit rot have higher control efficiency, and comprehensive diseased fruit rate reaches 15-20%, also, is not easy crop
It develops drug resistance.
The present invention passes through the farmyard manure and soil conditioner using the ferment containing garlic, improves soil nutrient and texture, also
The microbial profile situation of soil is improved, so that containing antimicrobial component in soil, and then improves soil pest and disease damage effect, and
And contain sodium alginate and constituent of chitosan in soil conditioner, membrane structure can be formed in soil surface, heat preservation can be played
Insulating effect, and then prevent soil moisture by high temperature evaporation or other nutrients by pyrolytic.
The present invention sprays soil by eugenol, further improves the antibacterial insecticidal effect of soil, prevents soil
Hardened or eutrophication.
The present invention is by seed treatment step, so that seed is able to activation, sprouts, and then when shortening the rudiment of seed
Between, meanwhile, on the basis of ensuring that cell wall is not damaged, Boscalid can be absorbed and enter plant, and then synergy grey mold
Sick control efficiency has adjusted the resistance to medicine characteristic of seed, passes through the work of cultivation matrix by cooperating the intake of other effective components
With improving the environmental suitability of seed, strengthen anti-adversity.
The present invention is by reasonable field management, nutritional need needed for meeting process of crop growth, and passes through speed
The cooperation of effect fertilizer and slow-release fertilizer so that nutrients release can adapt to plant growth demand, by the sprinkling of green tea water, on the one hand into
One step improves the effect of prevention and treatment gray mold, and another aspect microelement-supplementing, vitamin etc. promote the basal nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
Absorption.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below, but the invention is not limited to these realities
Mode is applied, it is claimed to still fall within the claims in the present invention for any improvement or replacement on the present embodiment essence spirit
Range.
Embodiment 1
A kind of strawberry cultivation method preventing and treating gray mold, includes the following steps:
The plantation of S1 site preparation: 15kg/ mus of 2000kg/ mus of farmyard manure, the soil conditioner of the ferment containing garlic, institute are applied to planting site
The soil conditioner stated is made of following raw materials: gangue 70kg, ardealite 10kg, activation Ferromanganese Ore 16kg, linoleic acid
0.2kg, caffeic acid 0.5kg, sodium alginate 4kg, chitosan 4kg；Plough deeply make soil is fine crushing, loam be uniformly mixed, then bedding,
The high 15-20cm of furrow, the wide 46-50cm of furrow face；The eugenol that available quality concentration is 5% before planting is sprayed to wet soil layer 3-4cm,
Every 2 row of ridge cultivation, line-spacing 26-30cm, hill spacing 18-22cm, mu plant 12000 plants；
S2 seed treatment: seed is placed in 50 DEG C of nutrient solution and impregnates 2h, then pulled out, seed and cultivation matrix are pressed
After the mass ratio of 1:3.5 is sufficiently mixed, it can be sowed after being irradiated 3 days with incandescent lamp；
S3 field management: it is primary in the difference top dressing of growth period, the phase of yielding positive results and flower_bud formation phase respectively, it applies per acre organic
Inorganic composite fertilizer 15kg, green tea water 2.2kg；
S4 harvesting: Strawberry Seedlings are bloomed, bearing fruit to berry colours, and softening harvests after savory；
The farmyard manure of the ferment containing garlic, raw material composition: cow dung 40kg, wormcast 4kg, pig manure 60kg, duck excrement 10kg,
Garlic ferment 4kg；
The nutrient solution, raw material composition: ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid 8kg, bamboo vinegar 2kg, Boscalid 0.06kg, calcium oxide 0.3kg, chlorine
Change magnesium 0.6kg, potassium chloride 0.9kg, sodium bicarbonate 2kg, purified water 25kg；
The cultivation matrix, raw material composition: banana skin 20kg, watermelon peel 18kg, pawpaw skin 7kg, flyash 7kg, kaolinite
Native 25kg, capsicum 9kg, corncob 30kg, walnut shell 6kg, locust bean gum 7kg, Se-enriched yeast 0.3kg；
The composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, raw material composition: cow dung 25kg, duck excrement 17kg, urea 11kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 9kg, phosphorus
Sour monoammonium 8kg, potassium sulfate 4kg, calcium sulfate 4kg, magnesium sulfate 3kg；
Polyphenol content accounts for 0.05% in the green tea water；
Contain Daidezin in the green tea water, Daidezin content accounts for 0.3 ‰.
Embodiment 2
A kind of strawberry cultivation method preventing and treating gray mold, includes the following steps:
The plantation of S1 site preparation: 10kg/ mus of 1200kg/ mus of farmyard manure, the soil conditioner of the ferment containing garlic, institute are applied to planting site
The soil conditioner stated is made of following raw materials: gangue 60kg, ardealite 5kg, activation Ferromanganese Ore 10kg, linoleic acid
0.1kg, caffeic acid 0.3kg, sodium alginate 3kg, chitosan 1kg；Plough deeply make soil is fine crushing, loam be uniformly mixed, then bedding,
The high 15-20cm of furrow, the wide 46-50cm of furrow face；The eugenol that available quality concentration is 2% before planting is sprayed to wet soil layer 3-4cm,
Every 2 row of ridge cultivation, line-spacing 26-30cm, hill spacing 18-22cm, mu plant 11500 plants；
S2 seed treatment: seed is placed in 40 DEG C of nutrient solution and impregnates 1h, then pulled out, seed and cultivation matrix are pressed
After the mass ratio of 1:2.5 is sufficiently mixed, it can be sowed after being irradiated 2 days with incandescent lamp；
S3 field management: it is primary in the difference top dressing of growth period, the phase of yielding positive results and flower_bud formation phase respectively, it applies per acre organic
Inorganic composite fertilizer 10kg, green tea water 0.8kg；
S4 harvesting: Strawberry Seedlings are bloomed, bearing fruit to berry colours, and softening harvests after savory；
The farmyard manure of the ferment containing garlic, raw material composition: cow dung 30kg, wormcast 2kg, pig manure 50kg, duck excrement 5kg,
Garlic ferment 1kg；
The nutrient solution, raw material composition: ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid 5kg, bamboo vinegar 1kg, Boscalid 0.05kg, calcium oxide 0.2kg, chlorine
Change magnesium 0.5kg, potassium chloride 0.7kg, sodium bicarbonate 1-2kg, purified water 20kg；
The cultivation matrix, raw material composition: banana skin 10kg, watermelon peel 12kg, pawpaw skin 3kg, flyash 3kg, kaolinite
Native 16kg, capsicum 3kg, corncob 15kg, walnut shell 2kg, locust bean gum 3kg, Se-enriched yeast 0.1kg；
The composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, raw material composition: cow dung 20kg, duck excrement 12kg, urea 10kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 6kg, phosphorus
Sour monoammonium 2kg, potassium sulfate 1kg, calcium sulfate 1kg, magnesium sulfate 2kg；
Polyphenol content accounts for 0.03% in the green tea water；
Contain Daidezin in the green tea water, Daidezin content accounts for 0.1 ‰.
Embodiment 3
A kind of strawberry cultivation method preventing and treating gray mold, includes the following steps:
The plantation of S1 site preparation: 12kg/ mus of 1600kg/ mus of farmyard manure, the soil conditioner of the ferment containing garlic, institute are applied to planting site
The soil conditioner stated is made of following raw materials: gangue 65kg, ardealite 8kg, activation Ferromanganese Ore 13kg, linoleic acid
0.1kg, caffeic acid 0.4kg, sodium alginate 3.5kg, chitosan 2.5kg；Plough deeply make soil is fine crushing, loam be uniformly mixed, then
Bedding, the high 15-20cm of furrow, the wide 46-50cm of furrow face；The eugenol that available quality concentration is 3.5% before planting is sprayed to humid soil
Layer 3-4cm, every 2 row of ridge cultivation, line-spacing 26-30cm, hill spacing 18-22cm, mu plant 12000 plants；
S2 seed treatment: seed is placed in 45 DEG C of nutrient solution and impregnates 1.5h, then pulled out, by seed and cultivation matrix
After being sufficiently mixed by the mass ratio of 1:3, it can be sowed after being irradiated 3 days with incandescent lamp；
S3 field management: it is primary in the difference top dressing of growth period, the phase of yielding positive results and flower_bud formation phase respectively, it applies per acre organic
Inorganic composite fertilizer 13kg, green tea water 1.6kg；
S4 harvesting: Strawberry Seedlings are bloomed, bearing fruit to berry colours, and softening harvests after savory；
The farmyard manure of the ferment containing garlic, raw material composition: cow dung 35kg, wormcast 3kg, pig manure 55kg, duck excrement 8kg,
Garlic ferment 3kg；
The nutrient solution, raw material composition: ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid 6.5kg, bamboo vinegar 1.5kg, Boscalid 0.05kg, calcium oxide
0.3kg, magnesium chloride 0.6kg, potassium chloride 0.8kg, sodium bicarbonate 1.5kg, purified water 22kg；
The cultivation matrix, raw material composition: banana skin 15kg, watermelon peel 15kg, pawpaw skin 5kg, flyash 5kg, kaolinite
Native 20kg, capsicum 6kg, corncob 23kg, walnut shell 4kg, locust bean gum 5kg, Se-enriched yeast 0.4kg；
The composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, raw material composition: cow dung 22kg, duck excrement 15kg, urea 10kg, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 8kg, phosphorus
Sour monoammonium 5kg, potassium sulfate 3kg, calcium sulfate 2kg, magnesium sulfate 2kg；
Polyphenol content accounts for 0.04% in the green tea water；
Contain Daidezin in the green tea water, Daidezin content accounts for 0.2 ‰.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of strawberry cultivation method for preventing and treating gray mold, which comprises the steps of:
The plantation of S1 site preparation: 1200-2000kg/ mus of farmyard manure, the soil conditioner 10-15kg/ of the ferment containing garlic are applied to planting site
Mu, the soil conditioner are made of the raw material of following weight parts: 60-70 parts of gangue, 5-10 parts of ardealite, activation iron
10-16 parts of manganese ore, 0.1-0.2 parts of linoleic acid, 0.3-0.5 parts of caffeic acid, 3-4 parts of sodium alginate, 1-4 parts of chitosan；Ploughing deeply makes
Soil is fine crushing, loam is uniformly mixed, then bedding, the high 15-20cm of furrow, the wide 46-50cm of furrow face；Available quality concentration is before planting
The eugenol of 2-5% is sprayed to wet soil layer 3-4cm, every 2 row of ridge cultivation, line-spacing 26-30cm, hill spacing 18-22cm, mu cultivation 11500-
12000 plants；
S2 seed treatment: seed being placed in 40-50 DEG C of nutrient solution and impregnate 1-2h, then pulled out, by seed and cultivation matrix
By 1:(2.5-3.5) mass ratio be sufficiently mixed after, with incandescent lamp irradiate 2-3 days after can sow；
S3 field management: it is primary in the difference top dressing of growth period, the phase of yielding positive results and flower_bud formation phase respectively, organic-inorganic is applied per acre
Compound fertilizer 10-15kg, green tea water 0.8-2.2kg；
S4 harvesting: Strawberry Seedlings are bloomed, bearing fruit to berry colours, and softening harvests after savory.
2. the strawberry cultivation method of prevention and treatment gray mold as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the agriculture of the ferment containing garlic
Family fertilizer, be made of the raw material of following weight parts: 30-40 part of cow dung, 2-4 parts of wormcast, 50-60 parts of pig manure, 5-10 parts of duck excrement, greatly
1-4 parts of garlic ferment.
3. the strawberry cultivation method of prevention and treatment gray mold as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the nutrient solution, by following
The raw materials of parts by weight forms: 5-8 parts of ethephon (CEPHA),2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid, 1-2 parts of bamboo vinegar, 0.05-0.06 parts of Boscalid, 0.2-0.3 parts of calcium oxide,
0.5-0.6 parts of magnesium chloride, 0.7-0.9 parts of potassium chloride, 1-2 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 20-25 parts of purified water.
4. the strawberry cultivation method of prevention and treatment gray mold as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the cultivation matrix, under
State the raw material composition of parts by weight: 10-20 parts of banana skin, 12-18 parts of watermelon peel, 3-7 parts of pawpaw skin, 3-7 parts of flyash, kaolin
16-25 parts, 3-9 parts of capsicum, 15-30 parts of corncob, 2-6 parts of walnut shell, 3-7 parts of locust bean gum, 0.1-0.3 parts of Se-enriched yeast.
5. the strawberry cultivation method of prevention and treatment gray mold as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the organo-mineral complexing
Fertilizer is made of the raw material of following weight parts: 20-25 parts of cow dung, 12-17 parts of duck excrement, 10-11 parts of urea, 6-9 parts of Diammonium phosphate (DAP),
2-8 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 1-4 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-4 parts of calcium sulfate, 2-3 parts of magnesium sulfate.
6. the strawberry cultivation method of prevention and treatment gray mold as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that tea polyphenols in the green tea water
Content accounts for 0.03-0.05%.
7. the strawberry cultivation method of prevention and treatment gray mold as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that contain soybean in the green tea water
Flavine, Daidezin content account for 0.1-0.3 ‰.
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| CN111820086A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-10-27 | 北京市林业果树科学研究院 | Method for cultivating plateau multi-flower-bud strawberry seedlings |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111820086A (en) * | 2020-07-01 | 2020-10-27 | 北京市林业果树科学研究院 | Method for cultivating plateau multi-flower-bud strawberry seedlings |
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Application publication date: 20181218 |