CN109006179A - A kind of production method of mushroom cultivation substrate - Google Patents
A kind of production method of mushroom cultivation substrate Download PDFInfo
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- CN109006179A CN109006179A CN201810963839.3A CN201810963839A CN109006179A CN 109006179 A CN109006179 A CN 109006179A CN 201810963839 A CN201810963839 A CN 201810963839A CN 109006179 A CN109006179 A CN 109006179A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of production methods of mushroom cultivation substrate, comprising the following steps: (1) tree ash pre-processes；(2) bagasse is pre-processed；(3) add water to mix in silkworm excrement, sawdust, wheat bran, rice chaff, gypsum and modified glutinous rice, obtain mixed material A；(4) mixed material A is fermented to obtain fermentation materials；(5) mixture of Chinese herbal medicines is crushed；(6) grape pip, Grape Skin are crushed；(7) pretreatment tree ash, pretreatment bagasse, fermentation materials, mixture of Chinese herbal medicines powder, modified bamboo powdered carbon and grape pip, Grape Skin powder are mixed with water；(8) step (7) resulting material is placed in boiling in steamer, is cooled to room temperature then to get mushroom cultivation substrate.Simple production process of the present invention, easy to operate, the mushroom cultivation substrate good permeability prepared, nutriment is abundant, and nutriment is easy to be absorbed by mushroom, and mushroom production is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to mushroom cultivation fields, and in particular to a kind of production method of mushroom cultivation substrate.
Background technique
Mushroom also known as flower mushroom, mushroom, fragrant letter, fragrant bacterium, dried mushroom, fragrant wild rice, are the fructification of Pleurotaceae plant mushroom.Mushroom
It is one of second-biggest-in-the-world edible mushroom and China's specialty.
Mushroom is known as the title of the king of mountain delicacy, is the nutritional health food of high protein, low fat.Chinese dynasties physician is to perfume (or spice)
Mushroom has famous discussion.Modern medicine and nutrition deepen continuously research, and the medical value of mushroom is also constantly exploited.In mushroom
Quantitative Determination of Ergosterol is very high, effective to prevention and treatment rickets；Lentinan (β~1,3 glucans) can enhance cell immunocompetent, from
And inhibit the growth of cancer cell；Mushroom contains more than 40 kinds of enzymes of six big enzymes, can correct human chitinase deficiency disease；Rouge in mushroom
It is beneficial to reduce blood lipid to human body for fat institute fatty acids.
But requirement of the mushroom to Mushroom cultivation material and temperature, appropriateness is especially high, is preferably wood in culture material, at present
Mushroom cultivation material has generally required the mushroom that wood could have been turned out preferably.
The patent of invention that Authorization Notice No. is CN103739364B discloses the cultivating champignon that a kind of apple branch is raw material
Material and preparation method thereof, it is characterised in that be made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: apple branch 55-60, wheat bran 30-33, crab
It is shell 18-20, manioc waste 15-18, paulownia greensand 10-12, kaolin 12-13, blood meal 8-9, feather meal 7-8, corn pulp 10-11, glutinous
Rice flour 11-12, dried orange peel 4-5, endothelium corneum gigeriae galli 3-4, fruit of glossy privet 4-5, nutgrass flatsedge 5-6, tripterygium hypoglaucum hutch 2-3, pulverized limestone 1-2, nutritional additive
5-6.But the poor air permeability of the Mushroom cultivation material, nutritional ingredient are not easy to be absorbed.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of production methods of mushroom cultivation substrate, solve the deficiency in above-mentioned background technique, this hair
Bright simple production process, easy to operate, the mushroom cultivation substrate good permeability prepared, nutriment is abundant, and nutriment is easy
It is absorbed by mushroom, mushroom production is high.
It is of the existing technology in order to solve the problems, such as, it adopts the following technical scheme that
A kind of production method of mushroom cultivation substrate, includes the following steps:
(1) tree ash pre-processes: by the pickling of tree ash elder generation, then alkali cleaning, being then uniformly mixed with white lime, is placed in together
It is calcined 30~60 minutes in 500~600 DEG C of calcining furnaces, is then ground to nano particle, obtains pretreated tree ash；
(2) bagasse is pre-processed: bagasse is carried out after simply cleaning, is mechanically pulverized to 1~3mm, is passed through
200~300 DEG C are steam heated to, maintains 2~5min, then the abrupt release pressure within the 1s time, keeps bagasse cell wall fine
Extruding is tieed up, pretreatment bagasse is obtained；
(3) silkworm excrement, sawdust, wheat bran, rice chaff, gypsum and modified glutinous rice are placed in premixing machine and are uniformly mixed, be then added
Water, controlling material moisture in premixing machine is 50~60%, is stirred 40~60 minutes, obtains mixed material A；
(4) mixed material A is placed in fermentation vat and is sealed fermentation, the fermentation process is as follows: first mixed material A heating up
To 40~50 DEG C, heat-preservation fermentation 5~8 days, stirring in every two days material 1 time then heats to 70~80 DEG C, heat-preservation fermentation 6~9
It, stirring material 2 times daily are finally cooled to 30~40 DEG C, and heat-preservation fermentation 3~5 days, stirring material 3 times, obtained fermentation material daily
Material；
(5) mixture of Chinese herbal medicines is dry, it then crushes, crosses 100~200 meshes, it is spare；
(6) grape pip, Grape Skin is dry, it then crushes, crosses 100~200 meshes, it is spare；
(7) by the pretreated tree ash of step (1), the resulting pretreatment bagasse of step (2), fermentation materials, Chinese herbal medicine
Mix powder, modified bamboo powdered carbon and grape pip, Grape Skin powder are placed in premixing machine and are uniformly mixed, and water is then added,
Into material, water content is 60%, is uniformly mixed；
(8) step (7) resulting material is placed in boiling in steamer, the digestion process is as follows: first with the liter of 4~6 DEG C/min
Warm speed is warming up to 50~60 DEG C, keeps the temperature boiling 10~20 minutes, is then warming up to 70 again with the heating rate of 2~4 DEG C/min
~80 DEG C, boiling 20~30 minutes are kept the temperature, is finally warming up to 95~100 DEG C with the heating rate of 1~2 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature boiling
90~120 minutes, it is cooled to room temperature then to get mushroom cultivation substrate.
Preferably, first that the pickling of tree ash elder generation, then the process of alkali cleaning is specific in step (1) the tree ash pretreatment
It is as follows: first tree ash being placed in acetum and is impregnated 3~5 hours, then deionized water is cleaned to neutrality, and hydrogen-oxygen is subsequently placed in
Change and impregnated 2~4 hours in sodium solution, then deionized water is cleaned to neutrality, it is dry.
Preferably, the concentration of the acetum is 8%, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 10%, acetum with
The mass ratio of tree ash is 3:1, and the mass ratio of sodium hydroxide solution and tree ash is 2:1.
Preferably, by weight, in the step (3) dosage of silkworm excrement be 10~20 parts, the dosage of sawdust be 20~
30 parts, the use that the dosage of wheat bran is 13~18 parts, the dosage of rice chaff is 4~9 parts, the dosage of gypsum is 3~6 parts and modified glutinous rice
Amount is 10~17 parts.
Preferably, in the step (3) modified glutinous rice the preparation method is as follows:
Glutinous rice is cleaned and cleaned up, is then placed in spirit of vinegar and impregnates 2 hours, then rinsed with deionized water, it then will be glutinous
Rice is soaked in water, is placed in ultrasonic-microwave equipment and is carried out ultrasonic-microwave pulse immersion treatment 600 seconds, is filtered, dry, obtains modification
Glutinous rice.
Preferably, fermentation process is as follows in the step (4): mixed material A is first warming up to 45 DEG C, heat-preservation fermentation 7 days,
Stirring in every two days material 1 time then heats to 75 DEG C, and heat-preservation fermentation 8 days, stirring material 2 times, were finally cooled to 35 DEG C daily,
Heat-preservation fermentation 4 days, stirring material 3 times, obtained fermentation materials daily.
Preferably, the mixture of Chinese herbal medicines is the mixing of honeysuckle, red ginseng, ochre, wild chrysanthemum, Prunella vulgaris, Flos Albiziae
Object, the honeysuckle, red ginseng, ochre, wild chrysanthemum, Prunella vulgaris, Flos Albiziae mass ratio be 3:2:1:0.2:1:3.
Preferably, by weight, the dosage of pretreated tree ash is 10~20 parts in the step (7), in advance
The dosage for handling bagasse is 15~25 parts, and the dosage of fermentation materials is 30~50 parts, the dosage of mixture of Chinese herbal medicines powder is 6
~9 parts, the dosage of modified bamboo powdered carbon is 4~8 parts and the dosage of grape pip, Grape Skin powder is 2~5 parts.
Preferably, in the step (7) modified bamboo powdered carbon the preparation method is as follows:
Bamboo charcoal is put into after being impregnated 4 hours in glacial acetic acid solution, takes out washing, calcined 5 hours then at 500 DEG C, then grind
At nanometer powder to obtain the final product.
Preferably, digestion process is as follows in the step (8): being first warming up to 55 DEG C with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, heat preservation
Boiling 15 minutes, 75 DEG C then are warming up to the heating rate of 3 DEG C/min again, boiling 25 minutes are kept the temperature, finally with 1.5 DEG C/min
Heating rate be warming up to 98 DEG C, keep the temperature boiling 100 minutes.
Compared with prior art, the present invention it has the advantages that
Simple production process of the present invention, easy to operate, the mushroom cultivation substrate good permeability prepared, nutriment is abundant, nutrition
Substance is easy to be absorbed by mushroom, and mushroom production is high, specific as follows:
(1) present invention mixes silkworm excrement, sawdust, wheat bran, rice chaff, gypsum and modified glutinous rice, then carries out interim fermentation, will plant
Object Organic residues carry out mineralization, humification and innoxious, make the organic of various complexity in silkworm excrement, sawdust, wheat bran, rice chaff etc.
Nutrient, be converted into soluble nutrient and humus, improve raw material biological efficiency, mushroom abundant nutrition substance is provided, promoted
The quality of product improves the yield of mushroom, increases economic benefit；
(2) present invention will pretreatment tree ash, pretreatment bagasse, fermentation materials, mixture of Chinese herbal medicines powder, modification bamboo charcoal
Powder and grape pip, Grape Skin powder carry out boiling, can both sterilize, and are conducive to nutriment conversion, improve the battalion of cultivation matrix
It forms point；
(3) present invention pre-processes bagasse, i.e., bagasse is carried out extruding, is conducive to improve the ventilative of cultivation matrix
Property, conducive to the growth of mushroom, shorten the mushroom growth period.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific examples.These embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention and do not have to
In limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment is related to a kind of production method of mushroom cultivation substrate, includes the following steps:
(1) tree ash pre-processes: by the pickling of tree ash elder generation, then alkali cleaning, being then uniformly mixed with white lime, is placed in together
It is calcined 30 minutes in 500 DEG C of calcining furnaces, is then ground to nano particle, obtains pretreated tree ash；
(2) bagasse is pre-processed: bagasse is carried out after simply cleaning, is mechanically pulverized to 1~3mm, is passed through
200 DEG C are steam heated to, maintains 2min, then the abrupt release pressure within the 1s time, makes bagasse cell wall fiber extruding, obtain
To pretreatment bagasse；
(3) silkworm excrement, sawdust, wheat bran, rice chaff, gypsum and modified glutinous rice are placed in premixing machine and are uniformly mixed, be then added
Water, controlling material moisture in premixing machine is 50%, is stirred 40 minutes, obtains mixed material A；
(4) mixed material A is placed in fermentation vat and is sealed fermentation, the fermentation process is as follows: first mixed material A heating up
To 40 DEG C, heat-preservation fermentation 5 days, stirring in every two days material 1 time then heats to 70 DEG C, heat-preservation fermentation 6 days, stirs material 2 daily
It is secondary, 30 DEG C are finally cooled to, heat-preservation fermentation 3 days, stirring material 3 times, obtained fermentation materials daily；
(5) mixture of Chinese herbal medicines is dry, it then crushes, crosses 100~200 meshes, it is spare；
(6) grape pip, Grape Skin is dry, it then crushes, crosses 100~200 meshes, it is spare；
(7) by the pretreated tree ash of step (1), the resulting pretreatment bagasse of step (2), fermentation materials, Chinese herbal medicine
Mix powder, modified bamboo powdered carbon and grape pip, Grape Skin powder are placed in premixing machine and are uniformly mixed, and water is then added,
Into material, water content is 60%, is uniformly mixed；
(8) step (7) resulting material is placed in boiling in steamer, the digestion process is as follows: first with the heating speed of 4 DEG C/min
Degree is warming up to 50 DEG C, keeps the temperature boiling 10 minutes, is then warming up to 70 DEG C again with the heating rate of 2 DEG C/min, heat preservation boiling 20 divides
Clock is finally warming up to 95 DEG C with the heating rate of 1 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature boiling 90 minutes, is cooled to room temperature then to get mushroom cultivation
Train matrix.
Wherein, first by the pickling of tree ash elder generation in step (1) tree ash pretreatment, then alkali cleaning process specifically such as
Under: first tree ash is placed in acetum and is impregnated 3 hours, then deionized water is cleaned to neutrality, and sodium hydroxide is subsequently placed in
It is impregnated 2 hours in solution, then deionized water is cleaned to neutrality, it is dry.
Wherein, the concentration of the acetum is 8%, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 10%, acetum and tree
The mass ratio of wood ash cinder is 3:1, and the mass ratio of sodium hydroxide solution and tree ash is 2:1.
Wherein, by weight, the dosage of silkworm excrement is 10 parts in the step (3), the dosage of sawdust is 20 parts, wheat bran
Dosage is 13 parts, the dosage of rice chaff is 4 parts, the dosage of gypsum is 3 parts and the dosage of modified glutinous rice is 10 parts.
Wherein, in the step (3) modified glutinous rice the preparation method is as follows:
Glutinous rice is cleaned and cleaned up, is then placed in spirit of vinegar and impregnates 2 hours, then rinsed with deionized water, it then will be glutinous
Rice is soaked in water, is placed in ultrasonic-microwave equipment and is carried out ultrasonic-microwave pulse immersion treatment 600 seconds, is filtered, dry, obtains modification
Glutinous rice.
Wherein, the mixture of Chinese herbal medicines is the mixture of honeysuckle, red ginseng, ochre, wild chrysanthemum, Prunella vulgaris, Flos Albiziae,
The honeysuckle, red ginseng, ochre, wild chrysanthemum, Prunella vulgaris, Flos Albiziae mass ratio be 3:2:1:0.2:1:3.
Wherein, by weight, the dosage of pretreated tree ash is 10 parts in the step (7), is pre-processed sweet
The dosage of bagasse is 15 parts, and the dosage of fermentation materials is 30 parts, the dosage of mixture of Chinese herbal medicines powder is 6 parts, modified bamboo powdered carbon
Dosage be 4 parts and the dosage of grape pip, Grape Skin powder is 2 parts.
Wherein, in the step (7) modified bamboo powdered carbon the preparation method is as follows:
Bamboo charcoal is put into after being impregnated 4 hours in glacial acetic acid solution, takes out washing, calcined 5 hours then at 500 DEG C, then grind
At nanometer powder to obtain the final product.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is related to a kind of production method of mushroom cultivation substrate, includes the following steps:
(1) tree ash pre-processes: by the pickling of tree ash elder generation, then alkali cleaning, being then uniformly mixed with white lime, is placed in together
It is calcined 60 minutes in 600 DEG C of calcining furnaces, is then ground to nano particle, obtains pretreated tree ash；
(2) bagasse is pre-processed: bagasse is carried out after simply cleaning, is mechanically pulverized to 1~3mm, is passed through
300 DEG C are steam heated to, maintains 5min, then the abrupt release pressure within the 1s time, makes bagasse cell wall fiber extruding, obtain
To pretreatment bagasse；
(3) silkworm excrement, sawdust, wheat bran, rice chaff, gypsum and modified glutinous rice are placed in premixing machine and are uniformly mixed, be then added
Water, controlling material moisture in premixing machine is 60%, is stirred 60 minutes, obtains mixed material A；
(4) mixed material A is placed in fermentation vat and is sealed fermentation, the fermentation process is as follows: first mixed material A heating up
To 50 DEG C, heat-preservation fermentation 8 days, stirring in every two days material 1 time then heats to 80 DEG C, heat-preservation fermentation 9 days, stirs material 2 daily
It is secondary, 40 DEG C are finally cooled to, heat-preservation fermentation 5 days, stirring material 3 times, obtained fermentation materials daily；
(5) mixture of Chinese herbal medicines is dry, it then crushes, crosses 100~200 meshes, it is spare；
(6) grape pip, Grape Skin is dry, it then crushes, crosses 100~200 meshes, it is spare；
(7) by the pretreated tree ash of step (1), the resulting pretreatment bagasse of step (2), fermentation materials, Chinese herbal medicine
Mix powder, modified bamboo powdered carbon and grape pip, Grape Skin powder are placed in premixing machine and are uniformly mixed, and water is then added,
Into material, water content is 60%, is uniformly mixed；
(8) step (7) resulting material is placed in boiling in steamer, the digestion process is as follows: first with the heating speed of 6 DEG C/min
Degree is warming up to 60 DEG C, keeps the temperature boiling 20 minutes, is then warming up to 80 DEG C again with the heating rate of 4 DEG C/min, heat preservation boiling 30 divides
Clock is finally warming up to 100 DEG C with the heating rate of 2 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature boiling 120 minutes, is cooled to room temperature then to get mushroom
Cultivation matrix.
Wherein, first by the pickling of tree ash elder generation in step (1) tree ash pretreatment, then alkali cleaning process specifically such as
Under: first tree ash is placed in acetum and is impregnated 5 hours, then deionized water is cleaned to neutrality, and sodium hydroxide is subsequently placed in
It is impregnated 4 hours in solution, then deionized water is cleaned to neutrality, it is dry.
Wherein, the concentration of the acetum is 8%, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 10%, acetum and tree
The mass ratio of wood ash cinder is 3:1, and the mass ratio of sodium hydroxide solution and tree ash is 2:1.
Wherein, by weight, the dosage of silkworm excrement is 20 parts in the step (3), the dosage of sawdust is 30 parts, wheat bran
Dosage is 18 parts, the dosage of rice chaff is 9 parts, the dosage of gypsum is 6 parts and the dosage of modified glutinous rice is 17 parts.
Wherein, in the step (3) modified glutinous rice the preparation method is as follows:
Glutinous rice is cleaned and cleaned up, is then placed in spirit of vinegar and impregnates 2 hours, then rinsed with deionized water, it then will be glutinous
Rice is soaked in water, is placed in ultrasonic-microwave equipment and is carried out ultrasonic-microwave pulse immersion treatment 600 seconds, is filtered, dry, obtains modification
Glutinous rice.
Wherein, the mixture of Chinese herbal medicines is the mixture of honeysuckle, red ginseng, ochre, wild chrysanthemum, Prunella vulgaris, Flos Albiziae,
The honeysuckle, red ginseng, ochre, wild chrysanthemum, Prunella vulgaris, Flos Albiziae mass ratio be 3:2:1:0.2:1:3.
Wherein, by weight, the dosage of pretreated tree ash is 20 parts in the step (7), is pre-processed sweet
The dosage of bagasse is 25 parts, and the dosage of fermentation materials is 50 parts, the dosage of mixture of Chinese herbal medicines powder is 9 parts, modified bamboo powdered carbon
Dosage be 8 parts and the dosage of grape pip, Grape Skin powder is 5 parts.
Wherein, in the step (7) modified bamboo powdered carbon the preparation method is as follows:
Bamboo charcoal is put into after being impregnated 4 hours in glacial acetic acid solution, takes out washing, calcined 5 hours then at 500 DEG C, then grind
At nanometer powder to obtain the final product.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is related to a kind of production method of mushroom cultivation substrate, includes the following steps:
(1) tree ash pre-processes: by the pickling of tree ash elder generation, then alkali cleaning, being then uniformly mixed with white lime, is placed in together
It is calcined 45 minutes in 550 DEG C of calcining furnaces, is then ground to nano particle, obtains pretreated tree ash；
(2) bagasse is pre-processed: bagasse is carried out after simply cleaning, is mechanically pulverized to 1~3mm, is passed through
250 DEG C are steam heated to, maintains 3min, then the abrupt release pressure within the 1s time, makes bagasse cell wall fiber extruding, obtain
To pretreatment bagasse；
(3) silkworm excrement, sawdust, wheat bran, rice chaff, gypsum and modified glutinous rice are placed in premixing machine and are uniformly mixed, be then added
Water, controlling material moisture in premixing machine is 55%, is stirred 50 minutes, obtains mixed material A；
(4) mixed material A is placed in fermentation vat and is sealed fermentation, the fermentation process is as follows: first mixed material A heating up
To 45 DEG C, heat-preservation fermentation 7 days, stirring in every two days material 1 time then heats to 75 DEG C, heat-preservation fermentation 8 days, stirs material 2 daily
It is secondary, 35 DEG C are finally cooled to, heat-preservation fermentation 4 days, stirring material 3 times, obtained fermentation materials daily；
(5) mixture of Chinese herbal medicines is dry, it then crushes, crosses 100~200 meshes, it is spare；
(6) grape pip, Grape Skin is dry, it then crushes, crosses 100~200 meshes, it is spare；
(7) by the pretreated tree ash of step (1), the resulting pretreatment bagasse of step (2), fermentation materials, Chinese herbal medicine
Mix powder, modified bamboo powdered carbon and grape pip, Grape Skin powder are placed in premixing machine and are uniformly mixed, and water is then added,
Into material, water content is 60%, is uniformly mixed；
(8) step (7) resulting material is placed in boiling in steamer, the digestion process is as follows: first with the heating speed of 5 DEG C/min
Degree is warming up to 55 DEG C, keeps the temperature boiling 15 minutes, is then warming up to 75 DEG C again with the heating rate of 3 DEG C/min, heat preservation boiling 25 divides
Clock is finally warming up to 98 DEG C with the heating rate of 1.5 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature boiling 100 minutes, is cooled to room temperature then to get perfume (or spice)
Mushroom cultivation matrix.
Wherein, first by the pickling of tree ash elder generation in step (1) tree ash pretreatment, then alkali cleaning process specifically such as
Under: first tree ash is placed in acetum and is impregnated 4 hours, then deionized water is cleaned to neutrality, and sodium hydroxide is subsequently placed in
It is impregnated 3 hours in solution, then deionized water is cleaned to neutrality, it is dry.
Wherein, the concentration of the acetum is 8%, and the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 10%, acetum and tree
The mass ratio of wood ash cinder is 3:1, and the mass ratio of sodium hydroxide solution and tree ash is 2:1.
Wherein, by weight, the dosage of silkworm excrement is 15 parts in the step (3), the dosage of sawdust is 27 parts, wheat bran
Dosage is 16 parts, the dosage of rice chaff is 8 parts, the dosage of gypsum is 4 parts and the dosage of modified glutinous rice is 15 parts.
Wherein, in the step (3) modified glutinous rice the preparation method is as follows:
Glutinous rice is cleaned and cleaned up, is then placed in spirit of vinegar and impregnates 2 hours, then rinsed with deionized water, it then will be glutinous
Rice is soaked in water, is placed in ultrasonic-microwave equipment and is carried out ultrasonic-microwave pulse immersion treatment 600 seconds, is filtered, dry, obtains modification
Glutinous rice.
Wherein, the mixture of Chinese herbal medicines is the mixture of honeysuckle, red ginseng, ochre, wild chrysanthemum, Prunella vulgaris, Flos Albiziae,
The honeysuckle, red ginseng, ochre, wild chrysanthemum, Prunella vulgaris, Flos Albiziae mass ratio be 3:2:1:0.2:1:3.
Wherein, by weight, the dosage of pretreated tree ash is 13 parts in the step (7), is pre-processed sweet
The dosage of bagasse is 20 parts, and the dosage of fermentation materials is 40 parts, the dosage of mixture of Chinese herbal medicines powder is 8 parts, modified bamboo powdered carbon
Dosage be 6 parts and the dosage of grape pip, Grape Skin powder is 3 parts.
Wherein, in the step (7) modified bamboo powdered carbon the preparation method is as follows:
Bamboo charcoal is put into after being impregnated 4 hours in glacial acetic acid solution, takes out washing, calcined 5 hours then at 500 DEG C, then grind
At nanometer powder to obtain the final product.
Comparative example
A kind of apple branch for the patent of invention bulletin that Authorization Notice No. is CN103739364B is the Mushroom cultivation material of raw material.
It is utilized respectively embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 and comparative example and mushroom cultivation substrate is prepared to mushroom progress
Cultivation, in addition to cultivation matrix difference, remaining cultivation condition observes the growing state and appearance of mushroom, and record is as follows:
| Fruiting time (day) | Mushroom per mu yield (jin) | Mushroom appearance | |
| Embodiment 1 | 100 | 46500 | Mushroom handle is short, and mushroom meat is thick |
| Embodiment 2 | 98 | 46320 | Mushroom handle is short, and mushroom meat is thick |
| Embodiment 3 | 95 | 46800 | Mushroom handle is short, and mushroom meat is thick |
| Comparative example | 120 | 45000 | Mushroom handle is long, and mushroom meat is thin |
It is seen from the above data that the fruiting time of embodiment 1, embodiment 2, embodiment 3 be shorter than comparative example, embodiment 1,
Embodiment 2, the per mu yield of embodiment 3 are higher than comparative example, and mushroom appearance might as well.
In conclusion simple production process of the present invention, easy to operate, the mushroom cultivation substrate good permeability prepared, nutrition
Material abundance, nutriment are easy to be absorbed by mushroom, and mushroom production is high, specific as follows:
(1) present invention mixes silkworm excrement, sawdust, wheat bran, rice chaff, gypsum and modified glutinous rice, then carries out interim fermentation, will plant
Object Organic residues carry out mineralization, humification and innoxious, make the organic of various complexity in silkworm excrement, sawdust, wheat bran, rice chaff etc.
Nutrient, be converted into soluble nutrient and humus, improve raw material biological efficiency, mushroom abundant nutrition substance is provided, promoted
The quality of product improves the yield of mushroom, increases economic benefit；
(2) present invention will pretreatment tree ash, pretreatment bagasse, fermentation materials, mixture of Chinese herbal medicines powder, modification bamboo charcoal
Powder and grape pip, Grape Skin powder carry out boiling, can both sterilize, and are conducive to nutriment conversion, improve the battalion of cultivation matrix
It forms point；
(3) present invention pre-processes bagasse, i.e., bagasse is carried out extruding, is conducive to improve the ventilative of cultivation matrix
Property, conducive to the growth of mushroom, shorten the mushroom growth period.
Specific embodiments of the present invention are described above.It is to be appreciated that the invention is not limited to above-mentioned
Particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various deformations or amendments within the scope of the claims, this not shadow
Ring substantive content of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of production method of mushroom cultivation substrate, which comprises the steps of:
(1) tree ash pre-processes: by the pickling of tree ash elder generation, then alkali cleaning, being then uniformly mixed with white lime, is placed in together
It is calcined 30~60 minutes in 500~600 DEG C of calcining furnaces, is then ground to nano particle, obtains pretreated tree ash；
(2) bagasse is pre-processed: bagasse is carried out after simply cleaning, is mechanically pulverized to 1~3mm, is passed through
200~300 DEG C are steam heated to, maintains 2~5min, then the abrupt release pressure within the 1s time, keeps bagasse cell wall fine
Extruding is tieed up, pretreatment bagasse is obtained；
(3) silkworm excrement, sawdust, wheat bran, rice chaff, gypsum and modified glutinous rice are placed in premixing machine and are uniformly mixed, be then added
Water, controlling material moisture in premixing machine is 50~60%, is stirred 40~60 minutes, obtains mixed material A；
(4) mixed material A is placed in fermentation vat and is sealed fermentation, the fermentation process is as follows: first mixed material A heating up
To 40~50 DEG C, heat-preservation fermentation 5~8 days, stirring in every two days material 1 time then heats to 70~80 DEG C, heat-preservation fermentation 6~9
It, stirring material 2 times daily are finally cooled to 30~40 DEG C, and heat-preservation fermentation 3~5 days, stirring material 3 times, obtained fermentation material daily
Material；
(5) mixture of Chinese herbal medicines is dry, it then crushes, crosses 100~200 meshes, it is spare；
(6) grape pip, Grape Skin is dry, it then crushes, crosses 100~200 meshes, it is spare；
(7) by the pretreated tree ash of step (1), the resulting pretreatment bagasse of step (2), fermentation materials, Chinese herbal medicine
Mix powder, modified bamboo powdered carbon and grape pip, Grape Skin powder are placed in premixing machine and are uniformly mixed, and water is then added,
Into material, water content is 60%, is uniformly mixed；
(8) step (7) resulting material is placed in boiling in steamer, the digestion process is as follows: first with the liter of 4~6 DEG C/min
Warm speed is warming up to 50~60 DEG C, keeps the temperature boiling 10~20 minutes, is then warming up to 70 again with the heating rate of 2~4 DEG C/min
~80 DEG C, boiling 20~30 minutes are kept the temperature, is finally warming up to 95~100 DEG C with the heating rate of 1~2 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature boiling
90~120 minutes, it is cooled to room temperature then to get mushroom cultivation substrate.
2. the production method of mushroom cultivation substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step (1) tree ash
It is first that the pickling of tree ash elder generation, then the process of alkali cleaning is specific as follows in pretreatment: first tree ash being placed in acetum and is soaked
Bubble 3~5 hours, then deionized water are cleaned to neutrality, are subsequently placed in sodium hydroxide solution and are impregnated 2~4 hours, then deionized water
Cleaning is dry to neutrality.
3. the production method of mushroom cultivation substrate according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the concentration of the acetum is
8%, the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution is 10%, and the mass ratio of acetum and tree ash is 3:1, sodium hydroxide solution with
The mass ratio of tree ash is 2:1.
4. the production method of mushroom cultivation substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by weight, the step
(3) use that the dosage of silkworm excrement is 10~20 parts in, the dosage of sawdust is 20~30 parts, the dosage of wheat bran is 13~18 parts, rice chaff
Amount is 4~9 parts, the dosage of gypsum is 3~6 parts and the dosage of modified glutinous rice is 10~17 parts.
5. the production method of mushroom cultivation substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that modification is glutinous in the step (3)
Rice the preparation method is as follows:
Glutinous rice is cleaned and cleaned up, is then placed in spirit of vinegar and impregnates 2 hours, then rinsed with deionized water, it then will be glutinous
Rice is soaked in water, is placed in ultrasonic-microwave equipment and is carried out ultrasonic-microwave pulse immersion treatment 600 seconds, is filtered, dry, obtains modification
Glutinous rice.
6. the production method of mushroom cultivation substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that fermented in the step (4)
Journey is as follows: mixed material A is first warming up to 45 DEG C, heat-preservation fermentation 7 days, stirring in every two days material 1 time then heated to 75 DEG C,
Heat-preservation fermentation 8 days, stirring material 2 times daily were finally cooled to 35 DEG C, and heat-preservation fermentation 4 days, stirring material 3 times, must ferment daily
Material.
7. the production method of mushroom cultivation substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the mixture of Chinese herbal medicines is gold
Honeysuckle flower, red ginseng, ochre, wild chrysanthemum, Prunella vulgaris, Flos Albiziae mixture, the honeysuckle, red ginseng, ochre, wild chrysanthemum, summer be withered
Careless, Flos Albiziae mass ratio is 3:2:1:0.2:1:3.
8. the production method of mushroom cultivation substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that by weight, the step
(7) dosage of pretreated tree ash is 10~20 parts in, and the dosage for pre-processing bagasse is 15~25 parts, fermentation materials
Dosage be 30~50 parts, the dosage of mixture of Chinese herbal medicines powder is 6~9 parts, the dosage of modified bamboo powdered carbon is 4~8 parts and Portugal
Grape seed, Grape Skin powder dosage be 2~5 parts.
9. the production method of mushroom cultivation substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that modified bamboo in the step (7)
Powdered carbon the preparation method is as follows:
Bamboo charcoal is put into after being impregnated 4 hours in glacial acetic acid solution, takes out washing, calcined 5 hours then at 500 DEG C, then grind
At nanometer powder to obtain the final product.
10. the production method of mushroom cultivation substrate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that digested in the step (8)
Journey is as follows: being first warming up to 55 DEG C with the heating rate of 5 DEG C/min, keeps the temperature boiling 15 minutes, then again with the heating speed of 3 DEG C/min
Degree is warming up to 75 DEG C, keeps the temperature boiling 25 minutes, is finally warming up to 98 DEG C with the heating rate of 1.5 DEG C/min, heat preservation boiling 100 divides
Clock.
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