Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for grafting macadimia nuts, which is simple and convenient, has high grafting survival rate, does not need to additionally erect a windproof bracket, can shade and prevent sunlight, has low cost and is suitable for top grafting and crown changing of the macadimia nuts.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a macadimia nut top grafting and crown changing method comprises the following steps,
(1) selecting the scions: selecting strong branches without diseases and insect pests as scions from the outer bore of the crown of a 7-8 year old macadimia nut mother tree with excellent variety, wherein the diameter of the shoot is 0.8-1.5cm, cutting the branches into 15-20cm, cutting the roots of the scions into wedges, soaking the scions into a solution of 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl for 1-2min, soaking the scions into a solution containing cytokinin for 1-2h, then putting the scions into a moisture-preserving container, and placing the scions in a shade for preservation;
(2) selection of the movable strut: selecting old macadimia nut variety trees which are strong in growth and do not have diseases and insect pests and need to be updated, and selecting branches with the diameter of more than 3cm as movable support columns; selecting 1-3 grafting openings in different directions on a movable support according to the size of branches, circularly peeling 1-2cm above the grafting openings for a circle, peeling barks, wherein the length is 30-50 cm, and the branches and leaves of the branches with the upward circular peeling openings are reserved for nutrient delivery, shade shading and sun protection; slightly pulling a circle downwards by a saw at the interface to penetrate into the xylem for 2-3 mm; spraying, sterilizing and disinfecting the whole tree and the girdling opening by using 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine;
(3) grafting: taking out the scion from the moisturizing container, grafting by adopting a bare stem grafting method, spraying 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine, cytokinin and a healing agent on the interface after grafting, and then wrapping the interface by using a sterilized film;
(4) scientific management after grafting: periodically spraying foliar fertilizer to the branches and leaves with the upward pillar girdling openings; fertilizing after grafting, and keeping water and soil moist within one month; and when the support with the upward girdling opening is dried and the scion shoots are more than 30cm, cutting off the dried support, taking down the film, and performing water and fertilizer management according to a conventional method.
Preferably, in the step (1), the root of the scion is cut into a wedge shape by 6-7cm upwards.
Preferably, the ratio of the cell separating agent solution is cytokinin: water 1: 800-1000.
As the technical scheme is preferable, the grafting time in the step (3) is usually selected from 3-4 months in spring or 9-10 months in autumn.
Preferably, the scion has 3-6 buds.
Preferably, the fertilizer is one or more of urea, monopotassium phosphate and calcium phosphate.
Preferably, foliar fertilizer spraying is carried out on the branches and leaves with the upward pillar girdling openings every 1-3 days. The spraying effect on the leaf surface is good, the absorption is easy, the absorption of moisture and nutrition of branches and leaves is facilitated, and the withering time is delayed.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer is urea and ferrous sulfate, and the urea with the concentration of 0.2-0.3% and the ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.03-0.1% are sprayed once respectively. The urea can effectively promote the growth of new shoots, improve the yield of fruits, and is beneficial to flower bud differentiation, and the ferrous sulfate is beneficial to avoiding the green loss of leaves and prolonging the survival time of the leaves.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the macadimia nut top grafting and crown changing method is simple and easy to implement, simple and convenient to operate, low in cost, time-saving, labor-saving, high in grafting survival rate, beneficial to variety updating, early harvesting, beneficial to dwarfing of tree forms and convenient to manage.
2. The improved bare stem grafting method can play a role in supporting, fixing and stabilizing branches, meanwhile, the improved bare stem grafting method keeps branches and leaves above a ring peeling opening, so that the improved bare stem grafting method plays a role in shading and preventing sunlight, prevents scions, bare stems and modified big trees from withering due to skin cracking, sun drying and the like, can effectively reduce wind blowing damage, avoids the situations of loose grafting, poor grafting or failed grafting under the conditions that the tissues of the grafting opening are not healed or the combination degree is poor, improves the survival rate of grafting, can reach more than 95%, does not need to additionally arrange a sun-proof net, effectively reduces the cost, and reduces the cost by more than 25%.
3. The branch and leaf above the girdling opening are insufficient in soil nutrient supply due to large barking area, the xylem of the branch and leaf can only convey moisture and a very small amount of nutrients, and can not be supplemented with other redundant nutrients, and the branch and leaf can wither within 15-20 days. Meanwhile, the method has the advantages of low cost, simple operation and obvious effect.
4. Before grafting, a saw is used for circularly pulling a circle at a joint to penetrate into a xylem for 2-3mm, after scion grafting is successful and a tip is pulled out for 30cm, a dry support can be directly broken off after the support is dried, time and labor are saved during treatment of the dry support, the method is simple and easy to implement, and scions cannot be damaged.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples in order that the advantages and features of the invention may be more readily understood, it being understood that the following examples are only preferred versions of the invention, and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A macadimia nut top grafting and crown changing method comprises the following steps,
(1) selecting the scions: selecting strong branches without diseases and insect pests as scions from the outer bore of the crown of a 7-8 year old macadimia nut mother tree with excellent variety, wherein the scions have 3 buds, the diameter of a shoot stem is 0.8-1.0cm, cutting the branches into 15-17cm, cutting the root of the scion upwards by 6-7cm into a wedge shape, soaking the scion into a solution containing 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl for 1-2min, soaking the scion into a solution containing cytokinin for 1h, and mixing the cytokinin solutions according to the proportion: water 1: 800; then putting into a moisture-keeping container, and storing in a shade place;
(2) selection of the movable strut: selecting old macadimia nut variety trees which are strong in growth and do not have diseases and insect pests and need to be updated, and selecting branches with the diameter of more than 3cm as movable support columns; selecting 1 grafting opening in different directions on a movable support according to the size of a branch, circularly peeling a circle at a position 1-2cm above the grafting opening, peeling off barks, wherein the length is 30cm, and the branch leaves of the branch with the upwards circularly peeled opening are reserved for nutrient delivery, shade and sun protection; slightly pulling a circle downwards by a saw at the interface to penetrate into the xylem for 2-3 mm; spraying, sterilizing and disinfecting the whole tree and the girdling opening by using 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine;
(3) grafting: grafting time is usually selected in 3-4 months in spring; taking out the scion from the moisturizing container, grafting by adopting a bare stem grafting method, spraying 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine, cytokinin and a healing agent on the interface after grafting, and then wrapping the interface by using a sterilized film;
(4) scientific management after grafting: spraying foliar fertilizer every 1 day on branches and leaves with upward pillar girdling openings, wherein the foliar fertilizer is urea and ferrous sulfate, and urea with the concentration of 0.2 percent and ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.03 percent are sprayed once respectively; fertilizing after grafting, fertilizing the grafted macadamia nut trees by using any one or more than two of urea, monopotassium phosphate and calcium phosphate, and keeping water and soil moist within one month; and breaking the dried support when the support with the upward girdling opening is dried and the scion shoots are more than 30cm, taking down the film, and performing water and fertilizer management according to a conventional method.
The high grafting crown changing method can update the variety in time, harvest in advance, dwarfs the tree form, has the survival rate of the high grafting crown changing up to more than 97 percent and can reduce the cost by more than 30 percent.
Example 2
A macadimia nut top grafting and crown changing method comprises the following steps,
(1) selecting the scions: selecting strong branches without diseases and insect pests as scions from the outer bore of the crown of a 7-8 year old macadimia nut mother tree with excellent variety, wherein the scions have 6 buds, the diameter of a shoot stem is 1.0-1.5cm, cutting the branches into 19-20cm, cutting the root of the scion into a wedge shape, soaking the scion into 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine 1000 times the length of the scion for 1-2min, soaking the scion into a solution containing cytokinin for 2h, and proportioning the cytokinin solution and the cytokinin: water 1: 1000, parts by weight; then putting into a moisture-keeping container, and storing in a shade place;
(2) selection of the movable strut: selecting old macadimia nut variety trees which are strong in growth and do not have diseases and insect pests and need to be updated, and selecting branches with the diameter of more than 3cm as movable support columns; selecting 3 grafting openings in different directions on a movable support according to the size of a branch, circularly peeling a circle at a position 1-2cm above the grafting openings, peeling barks, wherein the length is 50cm, and the branches and leaves of the branch with the upwards circularly peeled openings are reserved for nutrient delivery, shade and sun protection; slightly pulling a circle downwards by a saw at the interface to penetrate into the xylem for 2-3 mm; spraying, sterilizing and disinfecting the whole tree and the girdling opening by using 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine;
(3) grafting: the grafting time is usually 9-10 months in autumn; taking out the scion from the moisturizing container, grafting by adopting a bare stem grafting method, spraying 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine, cytokinin and a healing agent on the interface after grafting, and then wrapping the interface by using a sterilized film;
(4) scientific management after grafting: spraying foliar fertilizer on the branches and leaves with the upward pillar girdling openings at regular intervals, wherein the foliar fertilizer is urea and ferrous sulfate, and urea with the concentration of 0.3 percent and ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.1 percent are sprayed for one time respectively; fertilizing after grafting, fertilizing the grafted macadamia nut trees by using urea and monopotassium phosphate, and keeping water and soil moist within one month; and breaking the dried support when the support with the upward girdling opening is dried and the scion shoots are more than 32cm, taking down the film, and performing water and fertilizer management according to a conventional method.
The high grafting crown changing method can update the variety in time, harvest in advance, dwarfs the tree form, has the survival rate of the high grafting crown changing up to more than 98 percent and can reduce the cost by more than 28 percent.
Example 3
A macadimia nut top grafting and crown changing method comprises the following steps,
(1) selecting the scions: selecting strong branches without diseases and insect pests as scions from the outer bore of the crown of a 7-8 year old macadimia nut mother tree with excellent variety, wherein the scions have 4 buds, the diameter of a shoot stem is 0.9-1.2cm, cutting the branches into 17-18cm, cutting the root of the scion upwards by 6-7cm into a wedge shape, soaking the scion into a solution containing 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl for 1-2min, soaking the scion into a solution containing cytokinin for 1.5h, and mixing the cytokinin solution and the cytokinin solution: water 1: 850; then putting into a moisture-keeping container, and storing in a shade place;
(2) selection of the movable strut: selecting old macadimia nut variety trees which are strong in growth and do not have diseases and insect pests and need to be updated, and selecting branches with the diameter of more than 3cm as movable support columns; selecting 2 grafting openings in different directions on a movable support according to the size of a branch, circularly peeling a circle at a position 1-2cm above the grafting openings, peeling barks, wherein the length is 40cm, and the branches and leaves of the branch with the upwards circularly peeled openings are reserved for nutrient delivery, shade and sun protection; slightly pulling a circle downwards by a saw at the interface to penetrate into the xylem for 2-3 mm; spraying, sterilizing and disinfecting the whole tree and the girdling opening by using 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine;
(3) grafting: grafting time is usually selected in 3-4 months in spring; taking out the scion from the moisturizing container, grafting by adopting a bare stem grafting method, spraying 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine, cytokinin and a healing agent on the interface after grafting, and then wrapping the interface by using a sterilized film;
(4) scientific management after grafting: spraying foliar fertilizer every 3 days on branches and leaves with upward pillar girdling openings, wherein the foliar fertilizer is urea and ferrous sulfate, and urea with the concentration of 0.27% and ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.09% are sprayed once respectively; fertilizing after grafting, fertilizing the grafted macadamia nut trees by using urea, and keeping water and soil moist within one month; and breaking the dried support when the support with the upward girdling opening is dried and the scion shoots are more than 35cm, taking down the film, and performing water and fertilizer management according to a conventional method.
The high grafting crown changing method can update the variety in time, harvest in advance, dwarfs the tree form, has the survival rate of the high grafting crown changing up to more than 96 percent, and can reduce the cost by more than 25 percent.
Example 4
A macadimia nut top grafting and crown changing method comprises the following steps,
(1) selecting the scions: selecting strong branches without diseases and insect pests as scions from the outer bore of the crown of a 7-8 year old macadimia nut mother tree with excellent variety, wherein the scions have 5 buds, the diameter of the shoot stems is 1.2-1.4cm, cutting the branches into 16-18cm, cutting the roots of the scions upwards by 6-7cm into wedges, soaking the wedges into a solution containing 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl for 1-2min, soaking the wedges into a solution containing cytokinin for 1.5h, and mixing the cytokinin solution and the cytokinin solution: water 1: 900; then putting into a moisture-keeping container, and storing in a shade place;
(2) selection of the movable strut: selecting old macadimia nut variety trees which are strong in growth and do not have diseases and insect pests and need to be updated, and selecting branches with the diameter of more than 3cm as movable support columns; selecting 3 grafting openings in different directions on a movable support according to the size of a branch, circularly peeling a circle at a position 1-2cm above the grafting openings, peeling barks, wherein the length is 45cm, and the branches and leaves of the branch with the upwards circularly peeled openings are reserved for nutrient delivery, shade and sun protection; slightly pulling a circle downwards by a saw at the interface to penetrate into the xylem for 2-3 mm; spraying, sterilizing and disinfecting the whole tree and the girdling opening by using 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine;
(3) grafting: grafting time is usually selected in 3-4 months in spring; taking out the scion from the moisturizing container, grafting by adopting a bare stem grafting method, spraying 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine, cytokinin and a healing agent on the interface after grafting, and then wrapping the interface by using a sterilized film;
(4) scientific management after grafting: spraying foliar fertilizer every 2 days on branches and leaves with upward pillar girdling openings, wherein the foliar fertilizer is urea and ferrous sulfate, and urea with the concentration of 0.25 percent and ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.07 percent are sprayed once respectively; fertilizing after grafting, and keeping water and soil moist within one month; and breaking the dried support when the support with the upward girdling opening is dried and the scion shoots are more than 40cm, taking down the film, and performing water and fertilizer management according to a conventional method.
The high grafting crown changing method can update the variety in time, harvest in advance, dwarfs the tree form, has the survival rate of the high grafting crown changing up to more than 95 percent, and can reduce the cost by more than 30 percent.