CN109005979B - Macadamia nut top grafting crown changing method - Google Patents

Macadamia nut top grafting crown changing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109005979B
CN109005979B CN201810707858.XA CN201810707858A CN109005979B CN 109005979 B CN109005979 B CN 109005979B CN 201810707858 A CN201810707858 A CN 201810707858A CN 109005979 B CN109005979 B CN 109005979B
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grafting
branches
scions
selecting
macadimia nut
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CN109005979A (en
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王文林
陈海生
郑树芳
覃振师
黄锡云
汤秀华
谭秋锦
许�鹏
贺鹏
张涛
何铣扬
莫庆道
宋海云
谭德锦
肖海艳
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Guangxi Zhongshan Huaguoshan Ecological Agriculture Development Co ltd
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Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a macadimia nut top grafting and crown changing method, and belongs to the field of fruit tree grafting. The macadimia nut top grafting and crown changing method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting scions; (2) selecting a movable strut; (3) grafting; (4) and (4) scientifically managing after grafting. The macadimia nut top grafting and crown changing method is simple and easy to implement, simple and convenient to operate, low in cost, time-saving, labor-saving, high in grafting survival rate, beneficial to variety updating, early harvesting, beneficial to dwarfing of tree forms and convenient to manage.

Description

Macadamia nut top grafting crown changing method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree grafting, and particularly relates to a macadimia nut top grafting and crown changing method.
Background
Macadamia nut is the first of four famous dried fruits in the world and has been the best-sold dried fruit food in the international market for a long time. The total yield of the macadamia nut shells is predicted to be about 25 ten thousand tons in the world in 2020, wherein the macadamia nut shells are produced about 5 ten thousand tons in the world, about 4 ten thousand tons in the United states and about 2 ten thousand tons in south Africa, and the yield of China is about 2 ten thousand tons. However, the demand of macadamia nuts is about more than 40 million tons, and the large demand provides a wide market prospect for the industrial development of the nuts.
The high grafting and crown changing of the macadimia nuts generally adopts a traditional grafting method. The survival rate of the macadimia nuts is low and is only 15-50% by adopting the traditional high-grafting crown-replacing grafting technology. The macadimia nuts are crisp in branches, the combination degree of the grafted parts is poor in the traditional grafting method, the macadimia nuts are easy to blow down and break, and the survival rate is reduced. In the traditional naked stem grafting, because no branches and leaves are shaded on the naked stem, the scion and the naked stem are easy to be dried in the sun, and the survival rate is not high. In the traditional naked-stem grafting, because no branches and leaves are shaded on the naked stem, the bark of a big tree is easy to be dried in the sun and split, and the big tree is grafted to die.
A bare stem grafting method is respectively disclosed in a fruit tree grafting method (application No. 201510228420.X) and a Chinese chestnut tree grafting method (application No. CN200610102139.2), branches and leaves on bare stems are completely removed, no branches and leaves are shaded on bare stems, scions and bare stems are easy to be dried in the sun, and the grafting survival rate is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for grafting macadimia nuts, which is simple and convenient, has high grafting survival rate, does not need to additionally erect a windproof bracket, can shade and prevent sunlight, has low cost and is suitable for top grafting and crown changing of the macadimia nuts.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a macadimia nut top grafting and crown changing method comprises the following steps,
(1) selecting the scions: selecting strong branches without diseases and insect pests as scions from the outer bore of the crown of a 7-8 year old macadimia nut mother tree with excellent variety, wherein the diameter of the shoot is 0.8-1.5cm, cutting the branches into 15-20cm, cutting the roots of the scions into wedges, soaking the scions into a solution of 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl for 1-2min, soaking the scions into a solution containing cytokinin for 1-2h, then putting the scions into a moisture-preserving container, and placing the scions in a shade for preservation;
(2) selection of the movable strut: selecting old macadimia nut variety trees which are strong in growth and do not have diseases and insect pests and need to be updated, and selecting branches with the diameter of more than 3cm as movable support columns; selecting 1-3 grafting openings in different directions on a movable support according to the size of branches, circularly peeling 1-2cm above the grafting openings for a circle, peeling barks, wherein the length is 30-50 cm, and the branches and leaves of the branches with the upward circular peeling openings are reserved for nutrient delivery, shade shading and sun protection; slightly pulling a circle downwards by a saw at the interface to penetrate into the xylem for 2-3 mm; spraying, sterilizing and disinfecting the whole tree and the girdling opening by using 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine;
(3) grafting: taking out the scion from the moisturizing container, grafting by adopting a bare stem grafting method, spraying 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine, cytokinin and a healing agent on the interface after grafting, and then wrapping the interface by using a sterilized film;
(4) scientific management after grafting: periodically spraying foliar fertilizer to the branches and leaves with the upward pillar girdling openings; fertilizing after grafting, and keeping water and soil moist within one month; and when the support with the upward girdling opening is dried and the scion shoots are more than 30cm, cutting off the dried support, taking down the film, and performing water and fertilizer management according to a conventional method.
Preferably, in the step (1), the root of the scion is cut into a wedge shape by 6-7cm upwards.
Preferably, the ratio of the cell separating agent solution is cytokinin: water 1: 800-1000.
As the technical scheme is preferable, the grafting time in the step (3) is usually selected from 3-4 months in spring or 9-10 months in autumn.
Preferably, the scion has 3-6 buds.
Preferably, the fertilizer is one or more of urea, monopotassium phosphate and calcium phosphate.
Preferably, foliar fertilizer spraying is carried out on the branches and leaves with the upward pillar girdling openings every 1-3 days. The spraying effect on the leaf surface is good, the absorption is easy, the absorption of moisture and nutrition of branches and leaves is facilitated, and the withering time is delayed.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer is urea and ferrous sulfate, and the urea with the concentration of 0.2-0.3% and the ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.03-0.1% are sprayed once respectively. The urea can effectively promote the growth of new shoots, improve the yield of fruits, and is beneficial to flower bud differentiation, and the ferrous sulfate is beneficial to avoiding the green loss of leaves and prolonging the survival time of the leaves.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the macadimia nut top grafting and crown changing method is simple and easy to implement, simple and convenient to operate, low in cost, time-saving, labor-saving, high in grafting survival rate, beneficial to variety updating, early harvesting, beneficial to dwarfing of tree forms and convenient to manage.
2. The improved bare stem grafting method can play a role in supporting, fixing and stabilizing branches, meanwhile, the improved bare stem grafting method keeps branches and leaves above a ring peeling opening, so that the improved bare stem grafting method plays a role in shading and preventing sunlight, prevents scions, bare stems and modified big trees from withering due to skin cracking, sun drying and the like, can effectively reduce wind blowing damage, avoids the situations of loose grafting, poor grafting or failed grafting under the conditions that the tissues of the grafting opening are not healed or the combination degree is poor, improves the survival rate of grafting, can reach more than 95%, does not need to additionally arrange a sun-proof net, effectively reduces the cost, and reduces the cost by more than 25%.
3. The branch and leaf above the girdling opening are insufficient in soil nutrient supply due to large barking area, the xylem of the branch and leaf can only convey moisture and a very small amount of nutrients, and can not be supplemented with other redundant nutrients, and the branch and leaf can wither within 15-20 days. Meanwhile, the method has the advantages of low cost, simple operation and obvious effect.
4. Before grafting, a saw is used for circularly pulling a circle at a joint to penetrate into a xylem for 2-3mm, after scion grafting is successful and a tip is pulled out for 30cm, a dry support can be directly broken off after the support is dried, time and labor are saved during treatment of the dry support, the method is simple and easy to implement, and scions cannot be damaged.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples in order that the advantages and features of the invention may be more readily understood, it being understood that the following examples are only preferred versions of the invention, and are not intended to limit the invention.
Example 1
A macadimia nut top grafting and crown changing method comprises the following steps,
(1) selecting the scions: selecting strong branches without diseases and insect pests as scions from the outer bore of the crown of a 7-8 year old macadimia nut mother tree with excellent variety, wherein the scions have 3 buds, the diameter of a shoot stem is 0.8-1.0cm, cutting the branches into 15-17cm, cutting the root of the scion upwards by 6-7cm into a wedge shape, soaking the scion into a solution containing 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl for 1-2min, soaking the scion into a solution containing cytokinin for 1h, and mixing the cytokinin solutions according to the proportion: water 1: 800; then putting into a moisture-keeping container, and storing in a shade place;
(2) selection of the movable strut: selecting old macadimia nut variety trees which are strong in growth and do not have diseases and insect pests and need to be updated, and selecting branches with the diameter of more than 3cm as movable support columns; selecting 1 grafting opening in different directions on a movable support according to the size of a branch, circularly peeling a circle at a position 1-2cm above the grafting opening, peeling off barks, wherein the length is 30cm, and the branch leaves of the branch with the upwards circularly peeled opening are reserved for nutrient delivery, shade and sun protection; slightly pulling a circle downwards by a saw at the interface to penetrate into the xylem for 2-3 mm; spraying, sterilizing and disinfecting the whole tree and the girdling opening by using 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine;
(3) grafting: grafting time is usually selected in 3-4 months in spring; taking out the scion from the moisturizing container, grafting by adopting a bare stem grafting method, spraying 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine, cytokinin and a healing agent on the interface after grafting, and then wrapping the interface by using a sterilized film;
(4) scientific management after grafting: spraying foliar fertilizer every 1 day on branches and leaves with upward pillar girdling openings, wherein the foliar fertilizer is urea and ferrous sulfate, and urea with the concentration of 0.2 percent and ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.03 percent are sprayed once respectively; fertilizing after grafting, fertilizing the grafted macadamia nut trees by using any one or more than two of urea, monopotassium phosphate and calcium phosphate, and keeping water and soil moist within one month; and breaking the dried support when the support with the upward girdling opening is dried and the scion shoots are more than 30cm, taking down the film, and performing water and fertilizer management according to a conventional method.
The high grafting crown changing method can update the variety in time, harvest in advance, dwarfs the tree form, has the survival rate of the high grafting crown changing up to more than 97 percent and can reduce the cost by more than 30 percent.
Example 2
A macadimia nut top grafting and crown changing method comprises the following steps,
(1) selecting the scions: selecting strong branches without diseases and insect pests as scions from the outer bore of the crown of a 7-8 year old macadimia nut mother tree with excellent variety, wherein the scions have 6 buds, the diameter of a shoot stem is 1.0-1.5cm, cutting the branches into 19-20cm, cutting the root of the scion into a wedge shape, soaking the scion into 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine 1000 times the length of the scion for 1-2min, soaking the scion into a solution containing cytokinin for 2h, and proportioning the cytokinin solution and the cytokinin: water 1: 1000, parts by weight; then putting into a moisture-keeping container, and storing in a shade place;
(2) selection of the movable strut: selecting old macadimia nut variety trees which are strong in growth and do not have diseases and insect pests and need to be updated, and selecting branches with the diameter of more than 3cm as movable support columns; selecting 3 grafting openings in different directions on a movable support according to the size of a branch, circularly peeling a circle at a position 1-2cm above the grafting openings, peeling barks, wherein the length is 50cm, and the branches and leaves of the branch with the upwards circularly peeled openings are reserved for nutrient delivery, shade and sun protection; slightly pulling a circle downwards by a saw at the interface to penetrate into the xylem for 2-3 mm; spraying, sterilizing and disinfecting the whole tree and the girdling opening by using 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine;
(3) grafting: the grafting time is usually 9-10 months in autumn; taking out the scion from the moisturizing container, grafting by adopting a bare stem grafting method, spraying 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine, cytokinin and a healing agent on the interface after grafting, and then wrapping the interface by using a sterilized film;
(4) scientific management after grafting: spraying foliar fertilizer on the branches and leaves with the upward pillar girdling openings at regular intervals, wherein the foliar fertilizer is urea and ferrous sulfate, and urea with the concentration of 0.3 percent and ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.1 percent are sprayed for one time respectively; fertilizing after grafting, fertilizing the grafted macadamia nut trees by using urea and monopotassium phosphate, and keeping water and soil moist within one month; and breaking the dried support when the support with the upward girdling opening is dried and the scion shoots are more than 32cm, taking down the film, and performing water and fertilizer management according to a conventional method.
The high grafting crown changing method can update the variety in time, harvest in advance, dwarfs the tree form, has the survival rate of the high grafting crown changing up to more than 98 percent and can reduce the cost by more than 28 percent.
Example 3
A macadimia nut top grafting and crown changing method comprises the following steps,
(1) selecting the scions: selecting strong branches without diseases and insect pests as scions from the outer bore of the crown of a 7-8 year old macadimia nut mother tree with excellent variety, wherein the scions have 4 buds, the diameter of a shoot stem is 0.9-1.2cm, cutting the branches into 17-18cm, cutting the root of the scion upwards by 6-7cm into a wedge shape, soaking the scion into a solution containing 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl for 1-2min, soaking the scion into a solution containing cytokinin for 1.5h, and mixing the cytokinin solution and the cytokinin solution: water 1: 850; then putting into a moisture-keeping container, and storing in a shade place;
(2) selection of the movable strut: selecting old macadimia nut variety trees which are strong in growth and do not have diseases and insect pests and need to be updated, and selecting branches with the diameter of more than 3cm as movable support columns; selecting 2 grafting openings in different directions on a movable support according to the size of a branch, circularly peeling a circle at a position 1-2cm above the grafting openings, peeling barks, wherein the length is 40cm, and the branches and leaves of the branch with the upwards circularly peeled openings are reserved for nutrient delivery, shade and sun protection; slightly pulling a circle downwards by a saw at the interface to penetrate into the xylem for 2-3 mm; spraying, sterilizing and disinfecting the whole tree and the girdling opening by using 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine;
(3) grafting: grafting time is usually selected in 3-4 months in spring; taking out the scion from the moisturizing container, grafting by adopting a bare stem grafting method, spraying 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine, cytokinin and a healing agent on the interface after grafting, and then wrapping the interface by using a sterilized film;
(4) scientific management after grafting: spraying foliar fertilizer every 3 days on branches and leaves with upward pillar girdling openings, wherein the foliar fertilizer is urea and ferrous sulfate, and urea with the concentration of 0.27% and ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.09% are sprayed once respectively; fertilizing after grafting, fertilizing the grafted macadamia nut trees by using urea, and keeping water and soil moist within one month; and breaking the dried support when the support with the upward girdling opening is dried and the scion shoots are more than 35cm, taking down the film, and performing water and fertilizer management according to a conventional method.
The high grafting crown changing method can update the variety in time, harvest in advance, dwarfs the tree form, has the survival rate of the high grafting crown changing up to more than 96 percent, and can reduce the cost by more than 25 percent.
Example 4
A macadimia nut top grafting and crown changing method comprises the following steps,
(1) selecting the scions: selecting strong branches without diseases and insect pests as scions from the outer bore of the crown of a 7-8 year old macadimia nut mother tree with excellent variety, wherein the scions have 5 buds, the diameter of the shoot stems is 1.2-1.4cm, cutting the branches into 16-18cm, cutting the roots of the scions upwards by 6-7cm into wedges, soaking the wedges into a solution containing 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl for 1-2min, soaking the wedges into a solution containing cytokinin for 1.5h, and mixing the cytokinin solution and the cytokinin solution: water 1: 900; then putting into a moisture-keeping container, and storing in a shade place;
(2) selection of the movable strut: selecting old macadimia nut variety trees which are strong in growth and do not have diseases and insect pests and need to be updated, and selecting branches with the diameter of more than 3cm as movable support columns; selecting 3 grafting openings in different directions on a movable support according to the size of a branch, circularly peeling a circle at a position 1-2cm above the grafting openings, peeling barks, wherein the length is 45cm, and the branches and leaves of the branch with the upwards circularly peeled openings are reserved for nutrient delivery, shade and sun protection; slightly pulling a circle downwards by a saw at the interface to penetrate into the xylem for 2-3 mm; spraying, sterilizing and disinfecting the whole tree and the girdling opening by using 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine;
(3) grafting: grafting time is usually selected in 3-4 months in spring; taking out the scion from the moisturizing container, grafting by adopting a bare stem grafting method, spraying 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine, cytokinin and a healing agent on the interface after grafting, and then wrapping the interface by using a sterilized film;
(4) scientific management after grafting: spraying foliar fertilizer every 2 days on branches and leaves with upward pillar girdling openings, wherein the foliar fertilizer is urea and ferrous sulfate, and urea with the concentration of 0.25 percent and ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.07 percent are sprayed once respectively; fertilizing after grafting, and keeping water and soil moist within one month; and breaking the dried support when the support with the upward girdling opening is dried and the scion shoots are more than 40cm, taking down the film, and performing water and fertilizer management according to a conventional method.
The high grafting crown changing method can update the variety in time, harvest in advance, dwarfs the tree form, has the survival rate of the high grafting crown changing up to more than 95 percent, and can reduce the cost by more than 30 percent.

Claims (5)

1. A macadimia nut top grafting and crown changing method is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
(1) selecting the scions: selecting strong branches without diseases and insect pests as scions from the outer bore of the crown of a 7-8 year old macadimia nut mother tree with excellent variety, wherein the diameter of the shoot is 0.8-1.5cm, cutting the branches into 15-20cm, cutting the roots of the scions into wedges, soaking the scions into a solution of 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl for 1-2min, soaking the scions into a solution containing cytokinin for 1-2h, then putting the scions into a moisture-preserving container, and placing the scions in a shade for preservation;
(2) selection of the movable strut: selecting old macadimia nut variety trees which are strong in growth and do not have diseases and insect pests and need to be updated, and selecting branches with the diameter of more than 3cm as movable support columns; selecting 1-3 grafting openings in different directions on a movable support according to the size of branches, circularly peeling 1-2cm above the grafting openings for a circle, peeling barks, wherein the length is 30-50 cm, and the branches and leaves of the branches with the upward circular peeling openings are reserved for nutrient delivery, shade shading and sun protection; slightly pulling a circle downwards at the grafting opening by using a saw, and penetrating into the xylem for 2-3 mm; spraying, sterilizing and disinfecting the whole tree and the girdling opening by using 1000 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid medicine;
(3) grafting: taking out the scion from the moisturizing container in spring 3-4 months or autumn 9-10 months, grafting by adopting a bare stem grafting method, spraying 1000 times of 50% methyl thiophanate liquid medicine, cytokinin and a healing agent on a grafting opening after grafting, and then wrapping the grafting opening by using a sterilized film;
(4) scientific management after grafting: spraying foliar fertilizer every 1-3 days on the branches and leaves with the upward girdling openings of the movable struts; fertilizing after grafting, and keeping water and soil moist within one month; when the support column with the upward ring-stripping opening is dried and the scion shoots are more than 30cm, breaking the dried support column, taking down the film, and performing water and fertilizer management according to a conventional method; the foliar fertilizer is urea and ferrous sulfate, and urea with the concentration of 0.2-0.3% and ferrous sulfate solution with the concentration of 0.03-0.1% are sprayed for one time respectively.
2. The macadimia nut top grafting crown changing method according to claim 1, wherein: and (2) cutting the root of the scion in the step (1) into a wedge shape by 6-7cm upwards.
3. The macadimia nut top grafting crown changing method according to claim 1, wherein: the ratio of the cytokinin solution is as follows: water = 1: 800-1000.
4. The macadimia nut top grafting crown changing method according to claim 1, wherein: the scion has 3-6 buds.
5. The macadimia nut top grafting crown changing method according to claim 1, wherein: the fertilizer applied in the step (4) is any one or more than two of urea, monopotassium phosphate and calcium phosphate.
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CN110050626A (en) * 2019-04-30 2019-07-26 攀枝花市农林科学研究院 A kind of mango tree crown update cultural method
CN110249823B (en) * 2019-07-16 2021-03-02 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 Multiple grafting repair method for macadimia nuts
CN110622767A (en) * 2019-10-28 2019-12-31 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 Method for modifying macadimia nut low-yield forest
CN111328569A (en) * 2020-03-02 2020-06-26 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 Method for improving macadimia nut top grafting and changing survival rate

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CN104920078A (en) * 2015-06-10 2015-09-23 岑溪市新丰农业综合开发有限公司 Method for quickly rearing macadamia nut grafted seedlings through plantlets
CN105325178B (en) * 2015-09-25 2018-04-10 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 A kind of Queensland nut top grafting method for changing species
CN107494104A (en) * 2017-07-21 2017-12-22 澜沧绿普生农业开发有限公司 A kind of Queensland nut fast breeding method
CN107396761B (en) * 2017-09-04 2020-08-28 西南大学 Method for branch fixing and anti-breaking for sprout inhibition of orange top grafting and variety changing pile retaining
CN107371991B (en) * 2017-09-14 2020-02-07 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 Green date girdling and remaining dry pruning method
CN107667751A (en) * 2017-09-28 2018-02-09 马山县荷松种植专业合作社 The fast breeding method of Queensland nut seedling

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