CN108992464B - 一种多肽-银纳米团簇复合物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
一种多肽-银纳米团簇复合物及其制备方法与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物技术领域,尤其涉及一种多肽‑银纳米团簇复合物及其制备方法与应用。本发明提供了银离子与多肽形成的纳米团簇复合物,并且提供了该复合物的制备方法与应用,该复合物具有良好的抗菌活性,且生物安全性良好。实验表明,该复合物对大肠杆菌的最小抑制浓度可达1μg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度可达10μg/L。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物技术领域,尤其涉及一种多肽-银纳米团簇复合物及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
细菌感染是致病菌或条件致病菌侵入血循环中生长繁殖,产生毒素和其他代谢产物所引起的急性全身性感染。为了防治细菌感染,抗菌制剂的研发日益成为重要的研究方向。从二十世纪初抗生素的发现以来,将近一个世纪的广泛应用,却催生了一系列具有耐药性的超级细菌。此外,由于抗生素的杀菌效果缺乏广谱性,导致抗生素滥用的现象,且在中国等发展中国家表现的尤为显著。
作为新一代的抗菌剂,纳米材料具有广谱的抗菌活性,且不会产生耐药性等问题。纳米银、氧化石墨烯、二氧化钛等多种纳米材料陆续被报道具有良好的抗菌效果。在众多的纳米抗菌材料中,纳米银的应用最为广泛,纳米银作为抗菌材料不但具有传统纳米材料抗菌的无耐药性和广谱性的特点,还具有高效的抗菌活性。研究表明,纳米银抗菌主要通过释放银离子实现。在抗菌过程中,银离子不但可以抑制酶活性,影响细菌生化反应,破坏细菌细胞壁结构,还可以与DNA相互作用,阻断DNA的复制。同时,Ag+还可以诱导活性氧的产生,进一步杀死细菌。
然而,纳米银在表现出高效的抗菌活性的同时,也存在一些问题。首先,纳米银通过银离子的释放产生抗菌活性,在杀死细菌同时,也会对周围组织的正常细胞产生毒性,存在突出的生物安全性问题。其次,作为纳米材料,其抗菌活性依然存在一定的提升空间。因此,开发一种具有良好的生物安全性,且具有高效的抗菌活性的生物纳米材料是目前纳米银抗菌领域的瓶颈所在。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种多肽-银纳米团簇复合物及其制备方法与应用,该复合物具有良好的抗菌活性,且具有良好的生物安全性。
本发明提供的银离子与多肽形成的纳米团簇复合物;所述多肽的氨基酸序列包括功能序列和位于N端的基序;所述功能序列的长度为0~20,所述基序由半胱氨酸残基与还原性氨基酸组成。
本发明提供的多肽-银纳米团簇复合物中,所述多肽为阳离子性多肽。
本发明提供的多肽-银纳米团簇复合物通过阳离子性的抗菌多肽(正电性)介导与细菌的生物膜(负电性)发生强烈的相互作用,破坏细胞膜通透性,帮助材料大量入胞,更高效的实现抗菌功能。与此同时,对于细胞膜呈电中性的普通哺乳动物细胞膜而言,本本发明中涉及的多肽-银纳米团簇复合物与其相互作用较弱,具有良好的生物安全性。
本发明中,所述基序的至少包括2个氨基酸残基,优选为3个氨基酸残基。
本发明提供的复合物中,银(Ag+)离子被基序中半胱氨酸(-Cys)的巯基捕获,并在碱性条件下被还原性氨基酸还原成纳米团簇。
本发明中,所述还原性氨基酸为酪氨酸、蛋氨酸、组氨酸或色氨酸。
一些实施例中,基序中所述还原性氨基酸为酪氨酸。Ag+被-Cys的巯基捕获后在碱性条件下被酪氨酸(-Tyr)的酚基团还原成纳米团簇。
一些实施例中,所述基序的氨基酸序列为CCY。
本发明中,所述功能序列整体呈阳离子性,实验表明,利用阳离子两亲性具有α螺旋结构的多肽可以显著提高多肽-银纳米团簇复合物的抗菌活性。
本发明中,所述功能序列带有正电荷,包括赖氨酸残基或精氨酸残基。
本发明中,所述功能序列的氨基酸序列包括但不限于KRKRK、RKRKR、RKRKRK、KKKKK或RRRRR。
一些实施例中,所述功能序列由赖氨酸残基与精氨酸残基组成,或由赖氨酸残基、亮氨酸残基与丙氨酸残基组成。
一些实施例中,所述功能序列的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示或由SEQ ID NO:2所示。
一些具体的实施例中,本发明提供了多肽CCY-RKRKRK与Ag+形成的纳米团簇复合物,以及多肽CCY-KLAKLAKKLAKLAK与Ag+形成的纳米团簇复合物。
本发明所述的纳米团簇复合物的制备方法为,将硝酸银与所述多肽溶解于水,35℃~40℃反应5~15分钟后,调节pH值为11~13,搅拌反应10h~15h,制得含有纳米团簇复合物的溶液。
以本发明提供方法制备的复合物尺寸均一,分散性好,且具有良好的稳定性。
本发明中,所述硝酸银与多肽的摩尔比为1∶1。
本发明中,调节pH值前的反应条件为37℃反应10分钟。
本发明中,搅拌反应的温度为37℃,时间为12h。
本发明中,所述调节pH值采用氢氧化钠水溶液,一些实施例中,所述氢氧化钠水溶液中,氢氧化钠的浓度为0.5mol/L。
一些实施例中,调节pH值还添加硼氢化钠。添加硼氢化钠至浓度为0.5μM。
本发明中,制得含有纳米团簇复合物的溶液后还包括透析去除杂质的步骤。
所述杂质包括未参与反应的过量的银离子、多肽分子、氢氧化钠和硼氢化钠等。所述透析的分子量为5000Da。所述透析在室温下进行,优选温度为18~30℃。
实验表明,本发明提供多肽-银纳米团簇复合物的大肠杆菌最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为可达1μg/mL,金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)可达10μg/L,且通过溶血实验和普通动物细胞毒性实验证明本发明提供多肽-银纳米团簇复合物。
本发明所述的纳米团簇复合物或本发明所述方法制得的纳米团簇复合物在制备抗菌剂中的应用。
本发明还提供了一种抗菌剂,其包括本发明所述的纳米团簇复合物或本发明所述方法制得的纳米团簇复合物。
本发明提供的抗菌剂中,可以仅采用本发明提供的复合物中的一种,也可以由两者以上的复合物联用。
所述抗菌剂可应用于药物、食品中。例如,用于制备抗菌药物、作为食品或保健品的添加剂,用于食品的包装等。
本发明提供了银离子与多肽形成的纳米团簇复合物,并且提供了该复合物的制备方法与应用,该复合物具有良好的抗菌活性,且生物安全性良好。实验表明,该复合物对大肠杆菌的最小抑制浓度可达1μg/mL,对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度可达10μg/L。
附图说明
图1多肽-银纳米团簇复合物合成路线示意图;
图2 P+@AgNCs透射电镜成像图;
图3 KLA@AgNCs透射电镜成像图;
图4 P+@AgNCs和KLA@AgNCs对大肠肝菌抗菌活性实验结果;
图5 P+@AgNCs和KLA@AgNCs对大肠肝菌抗菌生长曲线的实验结果;
图6 P+@AgNCs和KLA@AgNCs对哺乳动物细胞人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)和人正常肺上皮细胞(BEAS-2B)的细胞毒性检测结果;其中,图6-a示对HUVEC的检测结果,图6-b示对BEAS-2B的检测结果;
图7 P+@AgNCs和KLA@AgNCs溶血能力检测结果图,证明两种抗菌材料作用于正常哺乳动物细胞均无显著细胞溶血现象产生。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种多肽-银纳米团簇复合物及其制备方法与应用,本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。特别需要指出的是,所有类似的替换和改动对本领域技术人员来说是显而易见的,它们都被视为包括在本发明。本发明的方法及应用已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文的方法和应用进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。
本发明采用的仪器皆为普通市售品,皆可于市场购得。
下面结合实施例,进一步阐述本发明:
实施例1
将硝酸银和多肽P+(序列为CCY-RKRKRK)按摩尔比1∶1溶解在蒸馏水中,水浴37℃下搅拌10分钟后,加入浓度为0.5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液使溶液PH值为12;继续搅拌12个小时形成浅黄色透明的P+@AgNCs溶液,通过室温透析12小时,进一步去除未参与反应的过量的银离子、多肽分子、氢氧化钠和硼氢化钠等,得到纯净的多肽-银纳米团簇复合物P+@AgNCs溶液,于4℃储存备用。对制得的复合物进行电镜检测,结果如图2,结果显示,制备得到的P+@AgNCs尺寸均一,分散性好。
实施例2
将硝酸银和多肽KLA(序列为CCY-KLAKLAKKLAKLAK)按摩尔比1∶1溶解在蒸馏水中,水浴37℃下搅拌10分钟后,加入硼氢化钠至浓度为0.5μM,然后调整浓度为0.5mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液使溶液pH值为12;继续搅拌12个小时形成浅黄色透明的KLA@AgNCs溶液,通过室温透析12小时,进一步去除未参与反应的过量的银离子、多肽分子、氢氧化钠和硼氢化钠等,得到纯净的多肽-银纳米团簇复合物KLA@AgNCs溶液,于4℃储存备用。对制得的复合物进行电镜检测,结果如图3,结果显示,制备得到的KLA@AgNCs尺寸均一,分散性好。
功能验证
1、对实施例1和实施例2制备的多肽-银纳米团簇复合物的抗菌活性进行检测,以大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为实验对象,配制不同浓度的多肽-银纳米团簇复合物,检测结果如表1~2,和图4~5:
表1 P+@AgNCs和KLA@AgNCs对大肠杆菌和MIC统计表
多肽-银纳米团簇复合物(μg/mL) | 20 | 15 | 10 | 5 | 2.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 0.25 |
P<sup>+</sup>@AgNCs | - | - | + | + | + | + | + | + |
KLA@AgNCs | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | + |
表2 P+@AgNCs和KLA@AgNCs对金黄色葡萄球菌MIC统计表
多肽—银纳米团簇复合物(g/L) | 100 | 50 | 20 | 10 | 5 | 2 | 1 | 0.5 |
P+@AgNCs | - | - | + | + | + | + | + | + |
KLA@AgNCs | - | - | - | - | + | + | + | + |
注:表1~2中正号(+)=浊度表示细菌生长;负号(-)=无浊度表示抑制细菌>99%生长
如图4所示,本发明实施例合成的P+@AgNCs和KLA@AgNCs在低浓度即可表现较强的浓度依赖性的杀菌能力,其中KLA@AgNCs的杀菌能力显著优于P+@AgNCs,p<0.05。P+@AgNCs和游离的KLA多肽同时作用于细菌,其杀菌能力与P+@AgNCs相比未见显著性差异。
如图5所示,本发明实施例合成的P+@AgNCs和KLA@AgNCs具有抑制细菌生长能力,其中KLA@AgNCs抑制细菌生长能力显著优于P+@AgNCs,p<0.05。P+@AgNCs和游离的KLA多肽同时作用于细菌,其抑制细菌生长能力与P+@AgNCs相比未见显著性差异。
如表1和表2所示,本发明实施例合成的多肽-银纳米团簇复合物P+@AgNCs和KLA@AgNCs的大肠杆菌最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为15μg/mL和1μg/mL,金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为50μg/L和10μg/L,已经达到了目前国外同类纳米抗菌产品能达到的最低浓度限度。
2、安全性验证:
2.1普通动物细胞毒性实验,以哺乳动物细胞人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)和人正常肺上皮细胞(BEAS-2B)为实验对象,对复合物的细胞毒性进行检测,结果如图6,结果表明:各浓度下的细胞活力与对照相比未见显著性差异,说明本发明实施例合成的多肽-银纳米团簇复合物P+@AgNCs和KLA@AgNCs对正常哺乳动物细胞均无显著细胞毒性。
2.2溶血实验,以小鼠血红细胞为受试材料,结果如图7。结果表明:各浓度下溶血率与对照相比未见显著性差异,本发明实施例合成的多肽-银纳米团簇复合物P+@AgNCs和KLA@AgNCs作用于正常哺乳动物细胞均无显著细胞溶血现象产生。
以上仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
序列表
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Claims (6)
1.银离子与多肽形成的纳米团簇复合物;所述多肽的氨基酸序列包括功能序列和位于N端的基序;所述基序为CCY,所述功能序列的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:1所示或由SEQ IDNO:2所示。
2.权利要求1所述的纳米团簇复合物的制备方法,其特征在于,将硝酸银与所述多肽溶解于水,35℃~40℃反应5~15分钟后,调节pH 值为11~13,搅拌反应10h~15h,制得含有纳米团簇复合物的溶液。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述硝酸银与多肽的摩尔比为1∶1。
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于,制得含有纳米团簇复合物的溶液后还包括透析去除杂质的步骤。
5.权利要求1所述的纳米团簇复合物或权利要求2~4任一项所述方法制得的纳米团簇复合物在制备抗菌剂中的应用。
6.一种抗菌剂,其特征在于,包括权利要求1所述的纳米团簇复合物或权利要求2~4任一项所述方法制得的纳米团簇复合物。
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