CN108902195B

CN108902195B - Botanical acaricide for preventing and treating tetranychus cinnabarinus as well as preparation method and application thereof

Info

Publication number: CN108902195B
Application number: CN201810699306.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 代光辉; 刘雅雅; 刘佳
Original assignee: Shanghai Jiaotong University
Current assignee: Shanghai Jiaotong University
Priority date: 2018-06-29
Filing date: 2018-06-29
Publication date: 2020-12-29
Anticipated expiration: 2038-06-29
Also published as: CN108902195A

Abstract

The invention discloses a plant source acaricide and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the plant source acaricide is composed of 40-80 wt% of raw material medicines and 20-60 wt% of conventional auxiliary materials, wherein the raw material medicines and the weight percentage of the raw material medicines in the total amount of the raw material medicines are as follows: 5-40% of pumpkin extract, 2-40% of sweet potato extract, 5-30% of peanut extract and 2-30% of mung bean extract. The plant extracts are obtained by cutting the plant or drying the discarded roots, branches, stems, leaves or their mixture after harvesting, grinding into powder, leaching, and filtering. The invention utilizes agricultural wastes as main material sources, is completely compounded by plant extracts, has higher control effect on tetranychus cinnabarinus, can be directly used for controlling the insect pests, and has the characteristics of high efficiency, no residue, low production cost, environmental protection and excellent comprehensive performance.

Description

Botanical acaricide for preventing and treating tetranychus cinnabarinus as well as preparation method and application thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to a plant source acaricide in the technical field of pesticides, in particular to a plant source acaricide for preventing and treating tetranychus cinnabarinus, a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

Tetranychus cinnabarinus is a big agricultural and forestry pest widely distributed in the temperate zone of the world, has the characteristics of quick propagation, strong adaptability, high mutation rate, wide host range, easy generation of drug resistance and the like, and is one of the most difficult pests to control. At present, the dosage of the acaricide in the world is only second to the dosage for preventing and controlling lepidoptera and hemiptera pests, most of the acaricides are organic or inorganic chemical acaricides, have large environmental pollution and long residual effect period, and have toxicity to higher animals and natural enemies. Therefore, the situation of searching substances with acaricidal activity from plants and developing efficient, safe and green plant-derived acaricides is very urgent, and the plant-derived acaricides are an important way for creating novel acaricides at present, meet the requirements of organic agriculture, green agriculture, environmental safety and the like, and have wide application and development prospects.

In addition, the random discarding of a large amount of agricultural wastes at present not only causes the idling and waste of a large amount of resources, but also causes a certain burden to the environment, so that the cyclic utilization of the agricultural wastes is realized, the due economic value and social value of the idle resources are fully exerted, the sustainable development is realized, and the method is the direction of the current agricultural development.

Therefore, the invention utilizes agricultural wastes to develop the plant source acaricide, recycles the wastes, avoids secondary pollution, greatly reduces manpower and material resources required by waste treatment, can also generate higher economic benefit, promotes agricultural development, and conforms to the policies of high efficiency, low energy and environmental protection advocated and encouraged in China.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a botanical acaricide for preventing and treating tetranychus cinnabarinus and a preparation method and application thereof, aiming at overcoming the defects in the prior art, the botanical acaricide has higher prevention and treatment effect on tetranychus cinnabarinus, can be directly used for preventing and treating the insect pests, has the characteristics of no public hazard, no pollution and no residual toxicity, and avoids the harm of chemical pesticides.

According to the first aspect of the invention, the plant source acaricide is composed of 40-80% of bulk drugs by weight and 20-60% of conventional auxiliary materials by weight, wherein:

the raw material medicaments comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 5-40% of pumpkin extract, 2-40% of sweet potato extract, 5-30% of peanut extract and 2-30% of mung bean extract.

Preferably, the pumpkin (Capsicum annuum Linn) is obtained from the stem and leaf of the trimmed pumpkin; the pumpkin extract is obtained by grinding stems and leaves of trimmed pumpkins into powder, leaching and filtering.

Preferably, the sweet potato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is obtained from stem and leaf of sweet potato; the sweet potato extract is prepared by grinding the cut stems or leaves of sweet potato into powder, leaching and filtering.

Preferably, the peanuts (Arachis Hypogaea Linn) are taken from stems, leaves or roots which are discarded after the harvest of the peanut fruits; the peanut extract is obtained by grinding waste stems, leaves or roots of harvested peanut fruits into powder, leaching and filtering.

Preferably, the mung beans (Glycine max (Linn.) Merr.) are taken from stems, leaves or roots of mung bean fruits which are discarded after harvesting; the mung bean extract is obtained by grinding waste stems, leaves or roots of harvested mung bean fruits into powder, leaching and filtering.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing the plant-derived acaricide, specifically: respectively trimming pumpkin, sweet potato, peanut and mung bean plants or drying waste roots, branches, stems, leaves or a mixture thereof after fruits are harvested, grinding into powder, extracting by using an ethanol solution as an extraction solvent, filtering, respectively obtaining extracts by adopting a method of reduced pressure concentration, finally adding conventional auxiliary materials, and preparing the plant source acaricide according to a conventional process.

Preferably, the drying means: drying at 30-50 deg.C.

Preferably, the powder is: 20-40 mesh granular powder.

Preferably, the ethanol refers to: 25-70% v/v ethanol solution or absolute ethanol, the dosage of which is 10-20 times of the powder mass.

Preferably, the concentration under reduced pressure means that: the crude extract obtained after leaching is vacuumized and decompressed to-0.1 atmospheric pressure and is put in water bath at the temperature of 40-80 ℃, so that the crude extract is concentrated into extract.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a use of the above-mentioned plant-derived acaricide, which is applied by spraying after adding water thereto and diluting to a concentration of 1 to 3 wt% under a stirring environment of 30 to 50 ℃.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the combined action of the main raw materials forming the product of the invention can enhance the acaricidal effect on one hand, and can delay the drug resistance of the medicament due to the combined action of the active ingredients with different action mechanisms on the other hand.

2. The raw materials are easy to obtain, the processing is simple, the requirement on equipment is low, the industrial production is very facilitated, and the recovered solvent can be recycled. Four plant raw materials are planted in most places in China, stems and leaves of the pumpkin and the sweet potato which are trimmed, and stems, leaves or roots of the peanut and mung bean which are discarded after harvesting are agricultural wastes, so that the resource recycling is realized, the secondary pollution is avoided, and the sustainable development of agriculture is facilitated.

3. The acaricide is derived from natural plant extract, is easy to decompose under natural conditions, is safe to environment and surrounding ecological system, has no problem of environmental pollution, and is a nuisance-free plant source acaricide.

Detailed Description

The following examples are given for the purpose of illustrating the present invention, and the detailed embodiments and specific procedures are given for the purpose of implementing the present invention on the premise of the technical solution thereof, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

Example 1

80% of raw material medicine and 20% of conventional auxiliary material form plant source acaricide

Respectively weighing 150g (wherein the pumpkin accounts for 40%, the sweet potato accounts for 25%, the peanut accounts for 30% and the mung bean accounts for 5%) of the stems and leaves sheared from the pumpkins, the stems and leaves sheared from the sweet potatoes and the powder (20-mesh particles) of the stems, leaves or roots discarded from the harvested peanuts and the harvested mung bean fruits, soaking the stems, leaves or roots and the powder (20-mesh particles) of the stems, leaves or roots discarded from the harvested peanuts in 500mL of 50% ethanol solution at room temperature for 2d, filtering, concentrating the filtrate of the four plants under reduced pressure to recover the solvent to obtain extract, adding 20% tween, stirring according to a conventional process, uniformly mixing the extract to prepare the plant-derived acaricide, and then adding water to dilute the prepared plant-derived acaricide to enable the concentration of the raw.

The test method comprises the following steps:

the plant source acaricide is used for determining the activity of tetranychus cinnabarinus according to a tetranychus urticae dipping method in the biological determination of southern pesticide creation center of China. The plant-derived acaricide obtained in example 1 was processed, and a blank control without the addition of the acaricide was set.

The adult tetranychus cinnabarinus bred indoors is inoculated on the prepared leaves, so that the adult tetranychus cinnabarinus number on the tested leaves is kept at 30-60. Soaking the leaves of the broad beans inoculated with the adult mites in the liquid medicine for 5s, then taking out the leaves, and finally inserting the soaked leaves of the broad beans into a conical flask filled with clear water, wherein the treatment is repeated for 3 times. And culturing the treated test insects under normal conditions, observing the reaction condition of the test insects at regular time, and investigating the number of the dead and live insects treated after 24 hours, wherein the control effect is 97.10%.

Example 2

70% of raw material medicine and 30% of conventional auxiliary material form plant source acaricide

Respectively weighing 200g (20-mesh particles) of stems and leaves sheared from pumpkins, stems and leaves sheared from sweet potatoes, stems, leaves or roots discarded after the harvest of peanuts and stems, leaves or roots discarded after the harvest of mung bean fruits, soaking the pumpkins, sweet potatoes, peanuts and mung beans for 3d at room temperature, filtering, concentrating filtrate of the four plants under reduced pressure to recover a solvent to obtain an extract, adding 30% of tween, stirring according to a conventional process, uniformly mixing to prepare the plant-derived acaricide, and then diluting the plant-derived acaricide with water to make the concentration of the raw material medicine be 3 wt%. Then, the diluted plant source acaricide is used for carrying out biological activity determination on tetranychus cinnabarinus by adopting an indoor pot culture method, and the number of dead and live insects treated is investigated after 24 hours, wherein the control effect is 95.89%.

Example 3

The botanical acaricide comprises 40% of raw material medicines and 60% of conventional auxiliary materials

Respectively weighing 200g (20-mesh particles) of stems and leaves sheared from pumpkins, stems and leaves sheared from sweet potatoes, stems, leaves or roots discarded after the harvest of peanuts and stems, leaves or roots discarded after the harvest of mung bean fruits, wherein the pumpkins account for 35%, the sweet potatoes 33%, the peanuts 30% and the mung beans are soaked in 1500mL of 30% ethanol solution at room temperature for 1d, filtering, concentrating filtrate of the four plants under reduced pressure to recover a solvent to obtain an extract, adding conventional auxiliary materials accounting for 60% of the whole plant source acaricide, stirring according to a conventional process to uniformly mix the extract to prepare the plant source acaricide, and then adding water to dilute the prepared plant source acaricide to enable the concentration of the raw material medicines to be 1 wt%. Then the diluted plant source acaricide is used for carrying out biological activity determination on tetranychus cinnabarinus by adopting an indoor pot culture method, the mortality rate is counted after 24 hours, and the control effect is 85.28%.

Example 4

50% of raw material medicine and 50% of conventional auxiliary material form plant source acaricide

Respectively weighing 200g (30-mesh particles) of stems and leaves sheared from pumpkins, stems and leaves sheared from sweet potatoes, stems, leaves or roots discarded after harvesting peanuts and stems, leaves or roots discarded after harvesting mung bean fruits, wherein the pumpkins account for 20%, the sweet potatoes account for 25%, the peanuts account for 40% and the mung beans, soaking the pumpkins and the sweet potatoes in 2000mL of 60% ethanol solution at room temperature for 4d, filtering, concentrating filtrate of the four plants under reduced pressure to recover a solvent to obtain an extract, adding conventional auxiliary materials accounting for 50% of the whole plant source acaricide, stirring according to a conventional process to uniformly mix the extracts to prepare the plant source acaricide, and then adding water to dilute the prepared plant source acaricide to enable the concentration of the raw material medicines to be 3 wt%. Then, the diluted plant source acaricide is subjected to a field efficacy test on tetranychus cinnabarinus by adopting a field plot experiment, and the mortality is counted after 24 hours, wherein the control effect is 93.70%.

Example 5

40-80% of raw material medicine and 20-60% of conventional auxiliary material form plant source acaricide

Respectively weighing 300g (wherein the pumpkin accounts for 25%, the sweet potato accounts for 25%, the peanut accounts for 40% and the mung bean accounts for 10%) of the stems and leaves sheared from the pumpkin, the stems and leaves sheared from the sweet potato, the powder (30-mesh particles) of the stems, leaves or roots discarded after the peanut fruits are harvested and the powder (30%) of the stems, leaves or roots discarded after the mung bean fruits are harvested, soaking the stems, leaves or roots and the powder (the pumpkin accounts for 25%, the sweet potato accounts for 25%, the peanut accounts for 10%) of 90% of ethanol solution at room temperature for 7d, filtering, concentrating the filtrate of the four plants under reduced pressure to recover the solvent to obtain an extract, adding conventional auxiliary materials accounting for 20-60% of the whole plant source acaricide, stirring according to a conventional process to uniformly mix the extract to prepare the plant source acaricide, and. Then, the diluted plant source acaricide is subjected to a field efficacy test on tetranychus cinnabarinus by adopting a field plot experiment, and the mortality is counted after 24 hours, wherein the control effect is 89.52%.

The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims

1. A botanical acaricide for preventing and treating tetranychus cinnabarinus is characterized in that: the traditional Chinese medicine composition is composed of 40-80 wt% of raw material medicines and 20-60 wt% of conventional auxiliary materials, wherein:

the raw material medicaments comprise the following components in percentage by weight: 5-40% of pumpkin extract, 2-40% of sweet potato extract, 5-30% of peanut extract and 2-30% of mung bean extract;

the pumpkin extract is obtained by grinding stems and leaves of trimmed pumpkins into powder, leaching and filtering;

the sweet potato extract is obtained by grinding stems or leaves of sweet potatoes which are trimmed into powder, leaching and filtering;

the peanut extract is obtained by grinding waste stems, leaves or roots of harvested peanut fruits into powder, leaching and filtering;

the mung bean extract is obtained by grinding waste stems, leaves or roots of harvested mung bean fruits into powder, leaching and filtering.

2. A method for preparing a botanical acaricide for controlling tetranychus cinnabarinus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: pruning pumpkin, sweet potato, peanut and mung bean plants or drying waste roots, branches, stems, leaves or a mixture thereof after fruits are harvested, grinding into powder, extracting by taking ethanol solution as an extraction solvent, filtering, concentrating under reduced pressure to obtain an extract, then adding conventional auxiliary materials, and preparing the plant source acaricide according to a conventional process;

the drying means that: drying at 30-50 deg.C;

the ethanol refers to: 25-70% v/v ethanol solution or absolute ethanol, the dosage of which is 10-20 times of the powder;

the reduced pressure concentration refers to that: the crude extract obtained after leaching is vacuumized and decompressed to-0.1 atmospheric pressure and is put in water bath at the temperature of 40-80 ℃, so that the crude extract is concentrated into extract.

3. The method for preparing a botanical acaricide for controlling tetranychus cinnabarinus according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the powder refers to: 20-40 mesh granular powder.

4. The application of the plant-derived acaricide for controlling tetranychus cinnabarinus of claim 1, which is characterized in that: the botanical acaricide for preventing and treating tetranychus cinnabarinus is applied by spraying after adding water into the botanical acaricide at the temperature of 30-50 ℃ and diluting the mixture to the concentration of 1-3 wt%.