CN103004894A - Biopesticide for preventing and treating powdery mildew of melons and fruits and preparation method of biopesticide - Google Patents
Biopesticide for preventing and treating powdery mildew of melons and fruits and preparation method of biopesticide Download PDFInfo
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- CN103004894A CN103004894A CN2012105143093A CN201210514309A CN103004894A CN 103004894 A CN103004894 A CN 103004894A CN 2012105143093 A CN2012105143093 A CN 2012105143093A CN 201210514309 A CN201210514309 A CN 201210514309A CN 103004894 A CN103004894 A CN 103004894A
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Abstract
The invention provides a biopesticide for preventing and treating powdery mildew of melons and fruits and a preparation method of the biopesticide. The biopesticide comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 5%-20% of concentrates of extracting solution from straws, stems and leaves of beans, 5%-10% of synergist and the balance of water. As active substances of the biopesticide come from agricultural wastes such as the straws of the beans, the biopesticide cause no environment pollution, is safe to people and livestock, is low in cost and free from the problem of pesticide residue and the like, is nuisanceless, has an important economic meaning and a high experiment value to production of green organic food of the melons and fruits, is simple to prepare, and can recycle the agricultural wastes so as to realize sustainable development and circular economy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the disinfectant use in agriculture category, particularly, what relate to is a kind of control melon and fruit powdery mildew biopesticide that partly prepares with the discarded cauline leaf of leguminous plant and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Powdery Mildew is to infect multiple kinds of crops such as barley, wheat, watermelon, cucumber, cucumber, custard squash, eggplant, capsicum, Cao Xiang, strawberry, rose, rose, bamboo grows and some traditional Chinese medicines etc., and causes the important plant disease of heavy losses.Powdery mildew is many circulations obligatory parasitism fungus diseases, the disease short incubation period, a season of growth can be bred many generations, and reproduction rate is high, the spore that produces can be propagated on a large scale by air, and superinfection host repeatedly, so in case run into suitable weather and environmental condition, might occur on a large scale and popular fast.The loss that caused by powdery mildew every year of the whole world reaches 5,863 hundred million dollars according to statistics.
At present because the complexity of germ itself and the difficulty of precise Identification pathogen, the different regions of country variant or same country, the kind of powdery mildew all might be different, so that breeding for disease resistance work is very complicated. therefore present control for cucurbits powdery mildew mainly lays particular emphasis on chemical control, but owing to Powdery Mildew very easily develops immunity to drugs, and resistance level rises fast.Simultaneously owing to long-term a large amount of chemical pesticides that use, so that the adverse effects such as high residue and contaminated environment become increasingly conspicuous.Along with the reinforcement of environmental legislation and Public environmental attitude, the public more and more requires agricultural production to contain less or do not contain the agricultural product of chemical residue, and oneself is disabled for many pesticide species.
The melon and fruit powdery mildew is a class disease that spreads with the development that cultivate on protection ground; biological control for the melon and fruit powdery mildew has the methods such as Hyperparasite control and botanical fungicide control; utilize Hyperparasite to prevent and treat powdery mildew and have no at present commercial prod and occur, botanical fungicide is prevented and treated the research of powdery mildew both at home and abroad more.Botanical fungicide directly utilizes material of vegetable origin initiative novel pesticide, or therefrom seek lead compound, it manually being synthesized and modify synthetic develop more high-activity compound, is the main path of in recent years novel pesticide initiative, more and more is subjected to people's care and attractes attention.
Legume crop is one of human three large food crops (Cereal, beans, potato class), and the status in crops is only second to Cereal.22 kinds of legume crops of China cultivation mainly contain soybean, mung bean, broad bean, pea, red bean, French beans, common kidney bean, more beans, rice bean, cowpea, sword bean etc.The area of the present legume crop of China accounts for the 10%-11% of whole crop genetics area.Legume crop mainly is to gather in the crops that seed is double does vegetables for human edible, and the stalks, stems and leaves after its results partly only has small part to be used as feed, and is most of discarded.
Through existing technical literature retrieval is found, patent 201010295781.3 is utilized the soybean stalk cultivating flammulina velutipes, patent 200910217451.X has reported the method for producing the biogas biomass energy with soybean stalk, and patent 03156359.7 etc. utilizes soybean stalk to produce the method for feed and additive thereof.Still there are not patent and bibliographical information to utilize agricultural wastes legume crop stalks, stems and leaves extracting section liquid, the method for the biopesticide of preparation treatment melon and fruit powdery mildew.
For the biological control of powdery mildew, a device for carrying a tripot wise man waits (publication number CN 101433213A) to disclose a kind of method of utilizing yolk and vegetable oil to prevent and treat powdery mildew simultaneously.Patent CN 1401247A adopts Chinese herbal and crude drugs preparations treatment plant powdery mildew also to obtain good effect.The academy of agricultural sciences, Jiangsu Province utilizes Osthole single dose and built composition for preventing and controlling powdery mildew thereof and has applied for a series of patents such as CN 1586198A.The applicant issued patents ZL200710045894.6 has invented the method and disclosed patent CN 102197810 A that utilize locust stems and leaves extraction to prepare control powdery mildew of cucumber aqua and has introduced the method for utilizing pine camphor aqua control crop powdery mildew.But it is little that the material source of the bioactivator of these two patents and above-mentioned control powdery mildew has biomass, and raw material are plucked difficult and complicated operation, the problems such as high cost.
Summary of the invention
For the melon and fruit powdery mildew, and above shortcomings in the prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of control melon and fruit powdery mildew biopesticide that the source partly prepares with the leguminous plant cauline leaf widely and preparation method thereof that utilizes.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of biopesticide of leguminous plant cauline leaf control melon and fruit powdery mildew is provided, described agricultural chemicals comprises extract concentrate, synergist and the water of beans stalks, stems and leaves part, the weight percentage of their shared agricultural chemicals gross weights is: the extract concentrate 5-20% of beans stalks, stems and leaves part, synergist 5-10%, water are surplus.
Preferably, the extract concentrate of described beans stalks, stems and leaves part is the concentrated extract after beans stalks, stems and leaves extracting section is concentrated.
Preferably, described beans stalks, stems and leaves part can be soybean stalk, the French beans straw, and the green soy bean stalk, the broad bean stalk, one or more in the discarded stalk of the legume crops such as mung bean stalk after beanpod is plucked are preferably soybean stalk.
Preferably, described synergist can be that Tea Saponin, organosilicone surfactants, Tweens surfactant etc. can reduce surface tension, increases wetability, adhesivity, and infiltrative insecticides adjuvant one or more, be preferably Tween 80.
Preferably, biopesticide provided by the present invention also can be other formulations of pesticide such as the soluble powder of being made by described composition, water-soluble granule, and effervescent tablets etc. are preferably aqua.
Biopesticide provided by the present invention can be used for preventing and treating the melon and fruit powdery mildew, comprises the melon fruit class powdery mildews such as powdery mildew of cucumber, melon powdery mildew, Pumpkin powdery mildew, powdery mildew of strawberry, grape powdery mildew.Be specially adapted to prevent and treat powdery mildew of cucumber.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of preparation method of biopesticide of above-mentioned control melon and fruit powdery mildew is provided, be specially: with beans stalks, stems and leaves part through 10 ℃-80 ℃, in polar solvent, extracted at least 1 hour, obtain extract and obtain concentrated extract behind the reduced pressure concentration after filtration, add synergist and water according to described component, obtain described biopesticide.
Preferably, described concentrated extract is for obtaining the 10%-20% of extract weight.
Preferably, described polar solvent is common solvent, such as water or alcohol etc.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
Biopesticide provided by the present invention mainly is to utilize spray-on process to be administered on the plant, can be used for prevention and the treatment of powdery mildew.Because the active substance that biopesticide of the present invention adopts can derive from agricultural wastes legume crop stalk, environmentally safe, to people, animal safety, cost is low, there are not the problems such as residue of pesticide, be a kind of non-harmful biopesticide, have very high economic implications and experimental value in the production to melon and fruit class green organic food.The present invention is simple to operate, and is the recycling to agricultural wastes, has realized sustainable development and recycling economy.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Following examples will help those skilled in the art further to understand the present invention, but not limit in any form the present invention.Should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement.These all belong to protection scope of the present invention.The part that does not have in following examples to describe in detail all can adopt existing techniques in realizing.
Embodiment 1
The pot experiment of prevention Pumpkin powdery mildew
Through 60 ℃, the extract that obtained behind the alcohol extract in 1 hour obtains concentrated extract behind the reduced pressure concentration after filtration with soybean stalk, be made into to contain 20% concentrate, and the aqua of 10% Tween 80 and water polishing to 100%, percentage is weight ratio herein, and is identical in following examples.With the biopesticide of preventing and treating powdery mildew of the present invention, powdery mildew of cucumber is prevented experiment, test method adopts farm-chemical indoor determination test rule bactericide the 11st part: control cucurbits powdery mildew test pot-culture method (NY/T 1156.11-2008).Preventive effect reaches respectively 100 times of 95.8%(dilutions in pot experiment), 200 times of 87.2%(dilutions) and 78.3%(dilute 300 times).
Embodiment 2
The pot experiment for the treatment of melon powdery mildew
Through 80 ℃, the extract that 3 hours water extractions are got rear acquisition obtains concentrated extract behind the reduced pressure concentration after filtration with the mung bean stalk, is made into to contain 10% concentrate, the aqua of 5% Tea Saponin and water polishing to 100%.With the biopesticide of preventing and treating powdery mildew of the present invention, melon powdery mildew is treated experiment, test method adopts farm-chemical indoor determination test rule bactericide the 11st part: control cucurbits powdery mildew test pot-culture method (NY/T1156.11-2008).This biopesticide has result for the treatment of to the melon powdery mildew bacterium, and result for the treatment of reaches respectively 50 times of 100%(dilutions), 100 times of 90.3%(dilutions) and 85.3%(dilute 150 times).
Embodiment 3
Prevent and treat the booth test of powdery mildew of cucumber
Through 70 ℃, the extract that obtains after the alcoholic extraction in 1 hour obtains concentrated extract behind the reduced pressure concentration after filtration with the broad bean stalk, is made into to contain 15% concentrate, the aqua of 8% organic silicon surfactant and water polishing to 100%.With the biopesticide of preventing and treating powdery mildew of the present invention, powdery mildew of cucumber is carried out the booth experiment, test method adopts pesticide field efficacy medicine test criterion bactericidal agent for preventing and treating powdery mildew of cucumber (GB/T 17980.30-2000).This biopesticide has result for the treatment of to the powdery mildew of cucumber bacterium, and result for the treatment of reaches respectively 100 times of 83.1%(dilutions), 200 times of 73.3%(dilutions) and 65.6%(dilute 300 times).
Embodiment 4
The stripped leaf disc method of control powdery mildew of strawberry bacterium
Through 50 ℃, the extract that 2 hours water extractions are got rear acquisition obtains concentrated extract behind the reduced pressure concentration after filtration with French beans stalk and soybean stalk mixture, is made into to contain 5% concentrate, 5% organic silicon surfactant, the aqua of 5% Tea Saponin and water polishing to 100%.With the biopesticide of preventing and treating powdery mildew of the present invention, to powdery mildew of strawberry its bacteriostatic activity of leaf disc method measuring that exsomatizes.The culture dish of preparing diameter 5cm is some, and every ware adds 10mL distilled water.The healthy leaf of the same leaf of cucumber position is broken into the leaf disc of diameter 1.5cm with card punch; With leaf disc respectively at flooding 1min in 500 times the aqua of dilution and in the contrast, after taking-up is dried, every ware adds 5 leaf discs, leaf back upwards swims on the liquid level, connects the cucumber white powder sporangia suspension of 10 μ l at every leaf disc central point, contains 50-100 sporangium, then illumination every day 12h, 20 ℃ of temperature are cultivated in culturing room, and observing preventive effect after 7 days is 95%.
Above specific embodiments of the invention are described.It will be appreciated that, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned specific implementations, and those skilled in the art can make various distortion or modification within the scope of the claims, and this does not affect flesh and blood of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. biopesticide of preventing and treating the melon and fruit powdery mildew, it is characterized in that, described agricultural chemicals comprises extract concentrate, synergist and the water of beans stalks, stems and leaves part, the weight percentage of their shared agricultural chemicals gross weights is respectively: the extract concentrate 5-20% of beans stalks, stems and leaves part, synergist 5-10%, water are surplus.
2. the biopesticide of control melon and fruit powdery mildew according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the extract concentrate of described beans stalks, stems and leaves part is the concentrated extract after beans stalks, stems and leaves extracting section is concentrated.
3. the biopesticide of control melon and fruit powdery mildew according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described beans stalks, stems and leaves partly refers to one or more in the discarded stalk of legume crop after beanpod is plucked.
4. the biopesticide of control melon and fruit powdery mildew according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described legume crop is one or more in soybean stalk, French beans straw, green soy bean stalk, broad bean stalk, the mung bean stalk.
5. the biopesticide of control melon and fruit powdery mildew according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described legume crop is soybean stalk.
6. the biopesticide of control melon and fruit powdery mildew according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described synergist be in Tea Saponin, organosilicone surfactants, the Tweens surfactant one or more.
7. control melon and fruit powdery mildew biopesticide according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described synergist is Tween 80.
8. the biopesticide of each described control melon and fruit powdery mildew is characterized in that according to claim 1-7, described biopesticide or the soluble powder of being made by described composition, water-soluble granule, effervescent tablet.
9. the biopesticide of each described control melon and fruit powdery mildew according to claim 1-7, it is characterized in that, described biopesticide is used for control melon and fruit powdery mildew, comprises powdery mildew of cucumber, melon powdery mildew, Pumpkin powdery mildew, powdery mildew of strawberry, grape powdery mildew.
10. the preparation method of the biopesticide of a control melon and fruit powdery mildew claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, with beans stalks, stems and leaves part through 10 ℃-80 ℃, in polar solvent, extracted at least 1 hour, obtain extract and obtain concentrated extract behind the reduced pressure concentration after filtration, add synergist and water according to described component, obtain described biopesticide.
11. the preparation method of the biopesticide of control melon and fruit powdery mildew according to claim 10 is characterized in that, the gained concentrated extract is the 10%-20% of former extract weight.
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Cited By (5)
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| CN104584952A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-05-06 | 艾启华 | Biological pesticide spraying method for grape planting |
| CN106259539A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2017-01-04 | 惠安县科联农业科技有限公司 | A kind of biological control method of powdery mildew of strawberry |
| CN108184913A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-22 | 上海农乐生物制品股份有限公司 | It is a kind of for botanical pesticide of cucumber and preparation method thereof |
| CN108902195A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-30 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of botanical acaricides and its preparation method and application for preventing and treating Tetranychus cinnabarinus |
| CN108935531A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-12-07 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of botanical fungicide and its preparation method and application for preventing and treating powdery mildew of cucumber |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104584952A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-05-06 | 艾启华 | Biological pesticide spraying method for grape planting |
| CN106259539A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2017-01-04 | 惠安县科联农业科技有限公司 | A kind of biological control method of powdery mildew of strawberry |
| CN108184913A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-22 | 上海农乐生物制品股份有限公司 | It is a kind of for botanical pesticide of cucumber and preparation method thereof |
| CN108902195A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-11-30 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of botanical acaricides and its preparation method and application for preventing and treating Tetranychus cinnabarinus |
| CN108902195B (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-12-29 | 上海交通大学 | Botanical acaricide for preventing and treating tetranychus cinnabarinus as well as preparation method and application thereof |
| CN108935531A (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2018-12-07 | 上海交通大学 | A kind of botanical fungicide and its preparation method and application for preventing and treating powdery mildew of cucumber |
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Application publication date: 20130403 |