CN108901853B - Method for disinfecting canker germs in kiwi fruit branches and nursery stock tissues - Google Patents
Method for disinfecting canker germs in kiwi fruit branches and nursery stock tissues Download PDFInfo
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- 244000298697 Actinidia deliciosa Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
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- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 9
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- 235000009434 Actinidia chinensis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H4/00—Plant reproduction by tissue culture techniques ; Tissue culture techniques therefor
- A01H4/008—Methods for regeneration to complete plants
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sterilization method for canker germs in kiwi fruit branches and nursery stock tissues, which is mainly characterized in that the kiwi fruit branches or seedlings are put into a watertight PE plastic bag, clear water is injected into the PE plastic bag, the PE plastic bag is placed in an ultrasonic field environment at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ for ultrasonic treatment for 30-60min, the ultrasonic frequency is 60-100Hz, then the branches or the nursery stock are taken out and dried, and the sterilization of the canker germs in the kiwi fruit branches and the nursery stock tissues is completed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for sterilizing canker germs in kiwi fruit branches and nursery stock tissues through heat and ultrasonic treatment, belongs to a comprehensive control technology of kiwi fruit canker, and is particularly suitable for comprehensive control of canker in a new development area of kiwi fruit.
Background
The bacterial canker of the kiwi fruit is a disease which can cause the devastating of the kiwi fruit industry, the canker of the kiwi fruit growing areas of the world, New Zealand, Spanish, Italy, Turkey and the kiwi fruit growing areas of 16 provinces of Shaanxi, Sichuan and Anhui of the kiwi fruit growing areas of China all occur, and the development of the world and the kiwi fruit industry of China is seriously threatened. The kiwifruit canker has been treated as a plant quarantine object and a in china, new zealand, the united states and Europe Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), respectively2Quarantine pests to control the rapid spread of the disease. The Chinese gooseberry canker pathogenic bacteria are clove Pseudomonas syringae pathogenic variants (Psa) which can invade into a plant body through stomata, skin pores, wounds (insect injury, cold injury, knife injury) and the like of the plant and damage the trunk, branches, tender tips, leaves, flowers and other parts; in the field susceptible specimens, Psa was observed to colonize mainly in cortex, phloem and xylem vessels in shoot tissues and in the upper and lower epidermis and mesophyll cell gaps in leaf tissues.
At present, the prevention and treatment of kiwifruit canker in production mainly adopts a means of combining agricultural prevention and treatment, chemical prevention and treatment and biological prevention and treatment. The biological control is also in the testing stage of screening of beneficial microorganisms and field control; the main chemical agents of the chemical prevention and treatment commonly used medicaments are pesticides such as copper hydroxide and kasugamycin, on one hand, as the Psa is fixedly planted in phloem and xylem ducts of branches, the chemical agents only can kill the Psa shown by the branches when treating the branches and seedlings, and have no killing effect on the Psa in the tissues of the branches and the seedlings, the currently used chemical pesticides can only reduce the incidence of kiwifruit canker to a certain extent, but can not radically cure the canker, and trees and gardens with serious incidence can not be used as special-effect medicaments and can only dig up and damage the trees; on the other hand, the long-term use of a large amount of chemical pesticides can cause the plants to generate drug resistance.
Aiming at the outstanding problems that Psa fixedly planted in tissues such as cortex, phloem and xylem vessels of branch tissues is difficult to kill by chemical agents and is difficult to prevent and treat after the disease of the ulcer disease is developed, the invention adopts ultrasonic and heat treatment to treat the kiwi fruit branches and seedlings, kills the Psa of the branches and seedling tissues and effectively prevents the spread of the ulcer disease pathogen of the kiwi fruit seedlings and scions.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the existing kiwi fruit branch and seedling disinfection technology, the invention provides a method for disinfecting canker germs in kiwi fruit branch and seedling tissues, which can kill Psa of the branch and seedling tissues and effectively prevent canker germs from being spread by kiwi fruit seedlings and scions.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a disinfection method for canker germs in kiwi fruit branches and nursery stock tissues comprises the following specific steps:
cutting kiwi fruit branches or seedlings to a proper length, filling the kiwi fruit branches or seedlings into a PE plastic bag, injecting clear water into the PE plastic bag until the branches or seedlings are submerged, placing the PE plastic bag in an ultrasonic field environment at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ for ultrasonic treatment for 30-60min at the ultrasonic frequency of 60-100Hz, taking out the branches or seedlings, and drying the branches or seedlings in the air to sterilize ulcer germs in the kiwi fruit branches and seedling tissues.
Further limiting, selecting 2-year or current-year branches as the kiwi branches, shearing the branches to be about 5cm in length, and disinfecting the branches.
Further limiting, the kiwi fruit seedlings are seedlings grown for 1 year or two years, young shoots of the overground parts of the kiwi fruit seedlings are cut off about 10cm above the junction of the young shoots and the young shoots are cut off, and the seedlings after the young shoots are disinfected.
Further limiting, the kiwi fruit branches and the nursery stock tissues are cortex tissues, phloem tissues and xylem vessel tissues of the kiwi fruit branches and the nursery stock, not only can have a sterilization effect on germs outside the epidermis of the branches or the nursery stock, but also more importantly can have a sterilization effect on germs of internal tissues such as cortex tissues, phloem tissues and xylem vessel tissues, and the like, and the tissues are not damaged, and the normal development of the tissues is not influenced.
Further limiting, the ultrasonic treatment condition is that the ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 40-50 min in an ultrasonic field environment at the temperature of 45 ℃, the ultrasonic frequency is 70-80 Hz, and the temperature and the ultrasonic supplement each other to achieve synergistic effect.
The method for disinfecting the canker germs in the kiwi fruit branches and the nursery stock tissues mainly aims at solving the outstanding problems that the Psa fixedly planted in the tissues such as the cortex, phloem and xylem vessels of the branch tissues is difficult to kill by chemical agents and the canker germs are difficult to prevent and treat after the onset of the canker germs, adopts the ultrasonic and heat treatment to treat the kiwi fruit branches and the nursery stock tissues to kill the Psa of the branches and the nursery stock tissues, effectively prevents the canker germs from being transmitted by the kiwi fruit nursery stock and scion, particularly has the bactericidal rate of 97.75 percent on the canker germs in the two-year or one-year branch tissues, but has no influence on the normal growth of the nursery stock.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph showing the effect of sterilization rate on the treatment group 1 at different ultrasonic frequencies.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following implementation cases.
Example 1
The method for sterilizing ulcer germs by selecting kiwi branches as objects comprises the following steps:
(1) cutting 2-year or current-year branches of kiwi fruits into about 5 cm;
(2) putting into a watertight PE plastic bag, and injecting clear water into the PE plastic bag until the branches are submerged;
(3) placing the PE plastic bag filled with branches and clear water into an ultrasonic processor, heating to 45 ℃, performing ultrasonic treatment for 45min under the condition that the ultrasonic frequency is 80Hz, and treating the kiwi branch tissue;
(4) and taking out the branches immediately after the treatment is finished, airing the branches to sterilize canker germs in kiwi fruit branch tissues, and storing the aired branches conventionally or directly using the aired branches for grafting.
Example 2
The method selects kiwi fruit seedlings as treatment objects to disinfect canker germs, and comprises the following steps:
(1) completely digging out kiwi fruit seedlings growing for 1 year or two years from a kiwi fruit nursery, and shearing off young shoots of overground parts from positions about 10cm above a root-stem junction;
(2) putting the nursery stock with the cut young shoots and roots into a watertight PE plastic bag, and then injecting clear water into the PE plastic bag until the whole nursery stock is submerged;
(3) putting the PE plastic bag filled with the nursery stock and clear water into an ultrasonic processor, heating to 50 ℃, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min under the condition that the ultrasonic frequency is 100Hz to treat the kiwi fruit branch tissue;
(4) and immediately taking out the nursery stock from the PE belt after the treatment, and airing the nursery stock for temporary planting or direct planting and nursery stock sale.
Example 3
The method selects kiwi fruit seedlings as treatment objects to disinfect canker germs, and comprises the following steps:
(1) completely digging out kiwi fruit seedlings growing for 1 year or two years from a kiwi fruit nursery, and shearing off new shoots of overground parts from positions 10cm above a root-stem junction;
(2) putting the nursery stock with the cut young shoots and roots into a watertight PE plastic bag, and then injecting clear water into the PE plastic bag until the whole nursery stock is submerged;
(3) putting the PE plastic bag filled with the nursery stock and clear water into an ultrasonic processor, heating to 45 ℃, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 50min under the condition that the ultrasonic frequency is 70Hz to treat the kiwi fruit branch tissue;
(4) and immediately taking out the nursery stock from the PE belt after the treatment, and airing the nursery stock for temporary planting or direct planting and nursery stock sale.
In the embodiment, the kiwi fruit branches or seedlings are heated to 45-50 ℃ firstly, and ultrasonic treatment at 60-100Hz is combined for 30-60min, so that Psa of the branches and seedling tissues can be effectively killed, the kiwi fruit seedlings and scions are prevented from spreading canker pathogen, and the branches or seedlings can be ensured to grow healthily.
In order to verify the sterilization effect of the sterilization agent on the canker pathogenic bacteria of the kiwi fruit branches or seedlings, the following experiments are combined for explanation.
The disease-sensitive branches of kiwifruit canker: performing field investigation in Bairui kiwi fruit Innovative gardens from weeks to counties in Shaanxi province, cutting branches presenting red pyogenic bacteria with typical symptoms of canker, packaging in a sterilized self-sealing bag, and storing at 4 ℃ for later use.
1-year-old kiwi fruit seedlings: purchased from Bairui Kiwi fruit, Xinyuan, Zhou of Shaanxi province, county.
And (3) sterilizing the surfaces of the branches by selecting 0.6% NaClO for 10min, and then cleaning the surfaces of the branches by using sterilized distilled water for 2-3 times to ensure that the NaClO disinfectant on the surfaces of the branches is fully washed away.
Treatment group 1: selecting the frequency of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100Hz, treating the branches at 45 ℃, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min without any treatment on the control group 1, counting the growth conditions of the control group 1 and the treated group Psa by a colony counting method, and calculating the sterilization rate by the following formula: (the number of colonies picked was between 30 and 300).
The growth of Psa was counted by colony counting between control 1 and treatment groups, and the results are shown in fig. 1.
As can be seen from figure 1, the bacteriostatic rate of the branches can only reach 48% when the branches are independently heated to 45 ℃ for treatment; after combined ultrasonic treatment, along with the continuous increase of ultrasonic frequency, the sterilization rate is continuously increased, and when the frequency reaches 80Hz, the sterilization rate reaches 97.11 percent; when the ultrasonic frequency reaches 100Hz, the sterilization rate is basically consistent with that of 80 Hz.
Treatment group 2: treating 30 seedlings at 45 deg.C with ultrasonic frequency of 80Hz for 45min, and repeating for three times; control 2 was a normal healthy seedling without any treatment. The nursery stocks of the treatment group and the control group 2 are planted in a Bairui kiwi fruit creative garden from Zhou to county in Shaanxi province, the survival rate of the nursery stocks is investigated in 2018, 4 and 1, the growth condition of the nursery stocks is investigated in 2018.7.25, the total number of leaves of each nursery stock is counted, the diameter of a nursery stock foundation, the height of the nursery stock plant and the length and width of the leaves are measured by a vernier caliper, and the measurement results of relevant indexes are shown in the following table 1:
table 1 shows the results of the measurement of the seedling quality indexes of the treated group 2 and the control group 2
Test grouping | Survival rate | Diameter of blade | Height of seedling | Number of blades | Diameter of the earth |
Treatment group 2 | 100% | 8.13±0.98 | 52.13±2.53 | 23.33±1.53 | 1.32±0.05 |
Control group 2 | 100% | 7.85±1.76 | 49.74±1.69 | 21.67±1.99 | 1.27±0.11 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the method for sterilizing the nursery stocks has the advantages that the nursery stocks in the treated group do not show morbidity, the treated group is completely survived, and the leaf diameter, the seedling height, the leaf number and the ground diameter of the nursery stocks are all compared with those in the control group 2 from the aspect of the growth of the nursery stocks, so that the method has no significant difference.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by the present invention as described in the specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A sterilization method for canker germs in kiwi fruit branches and nursery stock tissues is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cutting kiwi fruit branches or seedlings to a proper length, filling the kiwi fruit branches or seedlings into a watertight PE plastic bag, injecting clear water into the PE plastic bag until the branches or seedlings are submerged, placing the polyethylene plastic bag in an ultrasonic field environment at the temperature of 45-50 ℃ for ultrasonic treatment for 30-60min at the ultrasonic frequency of 60-100Hz, taking out the branches or seedlings, and airing to sterilize ulcer germs in the kiwi fruit branches and seedling tissues.
2. The method for disinfecting canker pathogens in kiwi fruit branches and nursery stock tissues according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the kiwi branches are 2-year-old or current-year-old branches, and the length of each kiwi branch is cut to be 5 cm.
3. The method for disinfecting canker pathogens in kiwi fruit branches and nursery stock tissues according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the kiwi fruit seedlings are 1-year or two-year old seedlings, young shoots of the overground parts of the kiwi fruit seedlings are cut off 10cm above the junction of the kiwi fruit seedlings and the roots, and the seedlings with the young shoots cut off are disinfected.
4. The method for disinfecting canker pathogens in kiwi fruit branches and nursery stock tissues according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the kiwi fruit branches and the nursery stock tissues are the cortex tissues, phloem and xylem vessel tissues of the kiwi fruit branches and the nursery stock.
5. The method for disinfecting canker pathogens in kiwi fruit branches and nursery stock tissues according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the ultrasonic treatment condition is that the ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 40-50 min in an ultrasonic field environment at the temperature of 45 ℃, and the ultrasonic frequency is 70-80 Hz.
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