CN110771410B - Cultivation method capable of improving disease resistance of vegetables - Google Patents
Cultivation method capable of improving disease resistance of vegetables Download PDFInfo
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- CN110771410B CN110771410B CN201911160291.XA CN201911160291A CN110771410B CN 110771410 B CN110771410 B CN 110771410B CN 201911160291 A CN201911160291 A CN 201911160291A CN 110771410 B CN110771410 B CN 110771410B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
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- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method capable of improving disease resistance of vegetables. The invention screens the seeds of the plants with good disease resistance and growth vigor for subsequent continuous disease resistance by continuously planting the planted plants for three years, completely kills harmful fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes in the soil by turning over the soil and spraying disinfectant, avoids continuous cropping planting of the soil, continuously plants for several years, enables certain corresponding pathogens to be propagated in successive years, accumulates in the soil in large quantities to form diseased soil, causes the fruits which are easy to be infected by diseases for later planting, sterilizes seed fertilizers, supplies good temperature and humidity environment and disinsection measures by combining greenhouse planting technology, and provides good growth environment for the plants and sprays disinsection preventive agent for prevention in a seedling period and a high-incidence period of insect pests so as to improve the disease resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a cultivation method capable of improving disease resistance of vegetables.
Background
Vegetables are one of essential energy sources in life of people, the nutrient substances of the vegetables mainly comprise minerals, vitamins, fibers and the like, and the higher the content of the substances is, the higher the nutritional value of the vegetables is. In addition, the moisture and dietary fiber content of vegetables are important nutritional quality indicators. Generally, vegetables with high water content and less dietary fiber have better tenderness and higher edible value. But from a health point of view dietary fiber is also an essential nutrient. The nutrients of vegetables cannot be underestimated, 90 percent of vitamin C and 60 percent of vitamin A which are necessary for human bodies are both from vegetables in the international food and agriculture organization statistics in 1990, and the vegetable contributes greatly to the health of human beings. In addition, the vegetables also contain various phytochemicals which are recognized as components beneficial to human health, such as carotenoid, dipropenyl compound, methyl sulfur compound and the like, and many vegetables also contain unique trace elements and have special health care effects on human bodies, such as lycopene in tomatoes, prostaglandin in onions and the like.
It is estimated that 20 or more billion or more people in the world today are suffering from various diseases caused by environmental pollution, and there is an increasing interest in solving the problem of generating a large amount of oxygen radicals due to environmental pollution. One of the effective solutions is to add antioxidant in food to synergistically eliminate excessive destructive active oxygen and active nitrogen. Research shows that a plurality of vitamins, mineral trace elements, related phytochemicals, enzymes and the like in the vegetables are effective antioxidants, so that the vegetables are not only low-sugar, low-salt and low-fat healthy foods, but also can effectively reduce the damage of environmental pollution to human bodies, and meanwhile, the vegetables also have a prevention effect on various diseases.
At present, due to continuous cropping planting of land, a plant is planted for several years, so that certain corresponding pathogenic bacteria can be propagated year by year, a large amount of pathogenic soil is formed, annual disease is caused, most of the pathogenic sources of soil-borne diseases are fungal, bacterial diseases and partial viral diseases, the pathogenic bacteria are overwintering in the soil or in the soil by means of disease residues and are difficult to kill, the disease resistance of the seed source of vegetable seeds is neglected in the vegetable planting process, and the existing vegetable cultivation method neglects the existing potential hazards of the pathological changes to influence the nutrition and the harvest of vegetables.
An effective solution to the problems in the related art has not been proposed yet.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to provide a cultivation method capable of improving the disease resistance of vegetables, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a cultivation method capable of improving disease resistance of vegetables comprises the steps of planting seed selection of disease-resistant vegetable seeds, soil selection and pretreatment, seed pretreatment, fertilization and seed planting cultivation, and specifically comprises the following steps:
selecting planting seeds of disease-resistant vegetable seeds: selecting a land with soil close to neutral pH value deviation of 0.5 as an experimental planting site, selecting full vegetable seeds for planting, selecting full seeds for sterilization and preservation after the cultivation is mature, sowing in the second season, pulling out plants with diseases during the sowing in the second season, sowing the full seeds of the selected healthy disease-free plants again after the full seeds are harvested, continuously sowing the three seasons, not using pesticides in the planting process of the three seasons, selecting the full seeds of the healthy disease-free plants in the third season, and performing virus killing and sealing for preservation to serve as pre-planted seeds.
Selecting and pretreating soil: selecting soil of the land which is planted with vegetables and is vigorous in the last year for disinfection, tedding the soil, wherein the tedding depth is 20-30 cm, the soil is tedded once every day in the morning of sunny days for 3-5 days continuously, disinfectant is sprayed during the tedding every day, the disinfectant is a mixed solution of bromomethane and formaldehyde, the volume ratio of the bromomethane to the formaldehyde to water is 1:1:300, 2 kilograms of disinfectant is sprayed per square meter, and gullies with the diameter of 20 cm are formed in the planting field every 1 meter.
Seed pretreatment: the pre-planted seeds are placed in hot water with the temperature of 45 ℃ to 50 ℃ for soaking, the hot water completely submerges the seeds, 0.2% potassium permanganate solution is added for soaking, the seeds are taken out after being soaked for three hours and then placed on cotton cloth for airing, and the cotton cloth covers the seeds and is placed overnight for preparing seeding.
Fertilizing: farmyard manure, sterilized withered leaves, sterilized straws and bean curd residues are mixed, thoroughly decomposed, processed and laid on the surface of soil, and sterilized straws are covered on the soil.
Planting and cultivating seeds: building a greenhouse in a planting field, selecting proper planting time, namely planting before the spawning peak period of the pests, wherein the plant spacing is 25 cm during planting, covering with sterilized straws after planting, taking out the straws 3-5 days later until the seedlings grow to 4-5 cm, spraying with an insecticide prophylactic agent in the morning and evening, and continuously spraying for 7 days.
Furthermore, a temperature and humidity adjusting device is added in the greenhouse during seed planting and cultivation, and a pest control box filled with a pest attractant and a pesticide is installed in the greenhouse.
Further, the insecticide preventive agent is a carbendazim liquid medicine with the ratio of 1:600, and the amount of the insecticide spraying agent is increased on the back of the leaves when spraying is carried out at three points in the afternoon of a fine day or when no dew exists in the leaves turning fine after rain.
Further, the farmyard manure, the sterilized withered leaves, the sterilized straws and the bean curd residues are mixed and prepared according to the ratio of 3:1:1: 1.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention screens the seeds of the plants with good disease resistance and growth vigor for subsequent continuous disease resistance by continuously planting the planted plants for three years, completely kills harmful fungi, bacteria, viruses and nematodes in the soil by turning over the soil and spraying disinfectant, avoids continuous cropping planting of the soil, continuously plants for several years, enables certain corresponding pathogens to be propagated in successive years, accumulates in the soil in large quantities to form diseased soil, causes the fruits which are easy to be infected by diseases for later planting, sterilizes seed fertilizers, supplies good temperature and humidity environment and disinsection measures by combining greenhouse planting technology, and provides good growth environment for the plants and sprays disinsection preventive agent for prevention in a seedling period and a high-incidence period of insect pests so as to improve the disease resistance.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments:
the cultivation method capable of improving the disease resistance of the vegetables comprises the steps of planting seed selection of disease-resistant vegetables, soil selection and pretreatment, seed pretreatment, fertilization and seed planting cultivation, and specifically comprises the following steps:
selecting planting seeds of disease-resistant vegetable seeds: the method comprises the steps of selecting a land with the soil close to neutral pH value deviation of 0.5 as an experimental planting place, selecting full vegetable seeds for planting to improve the maturity rate and the land utilization rate, selecting full seeds for sterilization and preservation after cultivation is mature, sowing in the second season, pulling out plants with diseases during sowing in the second season, sowing the full seeds of the selected healthy disease-free plants again after harvest, continuously sowing for three seasons, avoiding the influence of the action of an insecticide on the self disease resistance of the plants due to the fact that the insecticide is not used in the three-season planting process, selecting the full seeds of the healthy disease-free plants for sterilization and preservation in the third season, and providing the plant seeds with good disease resistance through continuous three-season planting as pre-planted seeds.
Selecting and pretreating soil: selecting soil of the land which is planted with vegetables and is vigorous in the last year for disinfection, and tedding the soil with more beneficial bacteria in the planted soil which is vigorous in the last year, wherein the soil is usually tedded with 20-30 cm of tedding depth, the soil is tedded once every day in the sunny morning for 3-5 days continuously, and disinfectant is sprayed in the sunny morning, the disinfectant is a mixed solution of bromomethane and formaldehyde, the volume ratio of the bromomethane to the formaldehyde to the water is 1:1:300, 2 kg of the disinfectant is sprayed in each square meter for sufficient disinfection, and a gully with the diameter of 20 cm is formed in the planting field every 1 meter, so that workers can walk and drain water in the rainy day to avoid soil hardening.
Seed pretreatment: the method comprises the steps of placing pre-planted seeds into hot water with the temperature of 45-50 ℃ for soaking to accelerate germination, completely submerging the seeds in the hot water, adding 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for soaking to kill bacteria, taking out after soaking for three hours, placing the seeds on cotton cloth for drying, covering the seeds with the cotton cloth, placing the seeds overnight for preparing to be sowed, further accelerating germination and improving survival rate.
Fertilizing: farmyard manure, sterilized withered leaves, sterilized straws and bean curd residues are mixed, thoroughly decomposed, processed and laid on the surface of soil, and sterilized straws are covered on the soil.
Planting and cultivating seeds: building a greenhouse in a planting field, selecting proper planting time, namely planting before the spawning peak period of the pests, wherein the plant spacing is 25 cm during planting, covering with sterilized straws after planting, taking off the straws 3-5 days later until the seedlings grow to 4-5 cm, spraying the straws in the morning and evening with an insecticide prophylactic agent, and continuously spraying the straws for 7 days to prevent the pests.
According to the technical scheme, the temperature and humidity adjusting device is additionally arranged in the greenhouse during seed planting and cultivation, the pest killing box filled with the insect attractant and the pesticide is installed in the greenhouse, insect-attracting and pest killing measures are matched with the greenhouse cultivation, the risk of insect pest invasion is reduced, and the immunity of plants is improved due to the good greenhouse environment.
According to the scheme, the pesticide is 1:600 carbendazim liquid medicine, three points in the afternoon of a fine day or when no dew exists in sunny leaves after raining during spraying, the amount of the pesticide is increased on the back of the leaves during spraying to kill insects which are fond of eating the back of vegetables.
According to the scheme, the farmyard manure, the sterilized withered leaves, the sterilized straws and the bean curd residues are mixed and modulated according to the ratio of 3:1:1:1 to provide healthy and various nutrients for plants.
According to the invention, tomato seeds are taken as an example for test planting, the number of diseased plants per mu of tomato is 50-70 when the tomato seedling is 15 cm, the number of diseased plants per mu of tomato after multi-generation seed selection is 10-20 when traditional tomato seeds without planting and seed selection are directly planted and observed, and the disease resistance of the tomato is greatly enhanced.
In summary, the following steps: the disease resistance of the vegetables is improved by seed selection, soil selection and pretreatment, seed pretreatment, fertilization and seed planting and cultivation of disease-resistant vegetable seeds, so that the high yield and health of the vegetables are realized, and the method is worthy of popularization.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A cultivation method capable of improving vegetable disease resistance is characterized by comprising the steps of planting seed selection of disease-resistant vegetable seeds, soil selection and pretreatment, seed pretreatment, fertilization and seed planting cultivation, and specifically comprises the following steps:
selecting planting seeds of disease-resistant vegetable seeds: selecting a land with the soil close to neutral pH value deviation of 0.5 as an experimental planting site, selecting plump vegetable seeds for planting, selecting plump seeds after the cultivation is mature, sterilizing and storing the seeds, sowing the seeds for the second time, pulling out the plants with diseases during the sowing for the second time, sowing the plump seeds of the selected healthy disease-free plants again after the seeds are harvested, continuously sowing the seeds for three times, using no pesticide during the planting process for the three times, and selecting the plump seeds of the healthy disease-free plants for virus killing and sealed storage in the third time to serve as pre-planted seeds;
selecting and pretreating soil: selecting soil of the land which has been planted with vegetables in the previous year and is vigorous in growth for disinfection, tedding the soil, wherein the tedding depth is 20-30 cm, the soil is tedded once every day in the morning of sunny days for 3-5 days continuously, disinfectant is sprayed during the tedding every day, the disinfectant is a mixed solution of bromomethane and formaldehyde, the volume ratio of the bromomethane to the formaldehyde to water is 1:1:300, 2 kilograms of disinfectant is sprayed per square meter, and gullies with the diameter of 20 cm are formed in the planting field every 1 meter;
seed pretreatment: soaking the pre-planted seeds in hot water at the temperature of 45-50 ℃, completely submerging the seeds, adding 0.2% potassium permanganate solution for soaking, taking out after soaking for three hours, putting the seeds on cotton cloth for airing, covering the seeds with the cotton cloth, and placing the seeds overnight for preparing to be sowed;
fertilizing: adopting farmyard manure, sterilized withered leaves, sterilized straws and bean curd residues to carry out mixing and decomposing treatment, paving the mixture on the surface of soil, and covering sterilized straws; mixing and blending the farmyard manure, the sterilized withered leaves, the sterilized straws and the bean curd residues according to the ratio of 3:1:1: 1;
planting and cultivating seeds: building a greenhouse in a planting field, selecting proper planting time, namely planting before the spawning peak period of the pests, wherein the plant spacing is 25 cm during planting, covering with sterilized straws after planting, taking out the straws 3-5 days later until the seedlings grow to 4-5 cm, spraying with an insecticide prophylactic agent in the morning and evening, and continuously spraying for 7 days.
2. A cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a temperature and humidity adjusting device is added in the greenhouse during the cultivation of the seeds and a disinfestation box containing an attractant and an insecticide is installed in the greenhouse.
3. The cultivation method capable of improving the disease resistance of vegetables according to claim 1, wherein the pesticide prevention agent is 1:600 carbendazim liquid medicine, and the amount of the pesticide is increased on the back of the leaves when spraying is performed at three points in the afternoon of a sunny day or when no dew exists on the leaves in a sunny day after rain.
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| CN108040775A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-18 | 当涂县黄池蔬菜产销专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods for improving cucumber disease and insect resistance |
| CN108142220A (en) * | 2017-12-26 | 2018-06-12 | 重庆市江津区牧晓家庭农场 | A kind of pollution-free vegetable implantation methods |
| CN108901677A (en) * | 2018-07-24 | 2018-11-30 | 吴志广 | A kind of cultural method of green cucumber |
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- 2019-11-23 CN CN201911160291.XA patent/CN110771410B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101485257A (en) * | 2009-02-16 | 2009-07-22 | 朱启阁 | High-yield cultivation method of vegetable |
| CN105453867A (en) * | 2015-12-04 | 2016-04-06 | 杨明彰 | Safety cultivation method for non-pesticide leafy vegetables |
| CN107969292A (en) * | 2017-10-30 | 2018-05-01 | 樊超 | A kind of high-yield planting method of green vegetables |
| CN108040775A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2018-05-18 | 当涂县黄池蔬菜产销专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods for improving cucumber disease and insect resistance |
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Denomination of invention: A breeding method for improving vegetable disease resistance Effective date of registration: 20220727 Granted publication date: 20210806 Pledgee: Shandong Shouguang Rural Commercial Bank Co.,Ltd. Pledgor: SHOUGUANG HENGSHU WUJIANG AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT GROUP CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2022980011254 |
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