CN103797930B - A kind of strawberry seedling with excellent insect-pest performance - Google Patents
A kind of strawberry seedling with excellent insect-pest performance Download PDFInfo
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- CN103797930B CN103797930B CN201410046600.1A CN201410046600A CN103797930B CN 103797930 B CN103797930 B CN 103797930B CN 201410046600 A CN201410046600 A CN 201410046600A CN 103797930 B CN103797930 B CN 103797930B
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- 235000016623 Fragaria vesca Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 235000011363 Fragaria x ananassa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 title 1
- 241000220223 Fragaria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromomethane Chemical compound BrC GZUXJHMPEANEGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003958 fumigation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009489 vacuum treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000736285 Sphagnum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008223 sterile water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000006251 Fragaria virginiana Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012660 Fragaria virginiana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 8
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011284 combination treatment Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 235000021012 strawberries Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229940102396 methyl bromide Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 206010011409 Cross infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000256259 Noctuidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010029803 Nosocomial infection Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000488583 Panonychus ulmi Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000710036 Strawberry mild yellow edge virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000413494 Strawberry mottle virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000218632 Strawberry vein banding virus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021028 berry Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003181 biological factor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002703 mutagenesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000350 mutagenesis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019605 sweet taste sensations Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of strawberry seedling with excellent preventing disease and pest performance, it mainly obtains via step process such as pretreatment, suffocating treatment, applications of vacuum.By described combination treatment method, and optimized parameter choose in strawberry seedling and each processing procedure, have excellent desinsection detoxification efficiency concurrently, and a growth result of excellence, the injury of conservative control process and risk.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant seedling culture, in particular to strawberry seedlings with excellent insect-resistant performance.
Background
The strawberry belongs to perennial herb fruit trees of the Rosaceae strawberry, has higher medicinal value besides higher nutritional value, and has unique sweet taste, so the strawberry is at the head in the production of small berries and is cultivated in most countries in the world. At present, China is the biggest strawberry producing country all over the world, the strawberry cultivation area and the annual output are at the top of the world, and the strawberry cultivation area and the annual output serve as one of the main domestic fruits, have huge market potential and economic benefit prospect, and the cultivation of robust strawberry seedlings is the basis for ensuring the healthy development of the strawberry industry.
Strawberries generally spend at least about two years from planting to harvesting, and are more susceptible to attack by pests than other crops due to their relatively lengthy growth period, coupled with their creeping growth. Meanwhile, the types of pests and diseases of the strawberries are very many, for example, the pests damaging the strawberries mainly comprise aphids, red spiders, cutworms and the like; the strawberry disease is more harmful, the virus disease is a serious disease harmful to strawberries, more than 20 kinds of viruses capable of infecting strawberries are reported at present, wherein the virus disease causing serious loss to production mainly comprises 4 kinds of strawberry shrinkage viruses, strawberry mottle viruses, strawberry vein banding viruses and strawberry mild yellow edge viruses, the 4 kinds of viruses are mainly spread by aphids, the total infection rate of the 4 kinds of viruses reaches more than 80%, and the yield loss of the strawberries can reach more than 30% due to virus cross infection. It can be said that the aphid, as a transmitter of the virus, causes a much greater loss of damage than the aphid itself.
The traditional disease and pest control method for strawberries mainly adopts chemical agents for controlling, but most of pesticides used in the cultivation except for methyl bromide have unsatisfactory control effect on strawberry virus diseases, while the methyl bromide and other pesticides need to be stopped or limited to be used regularly, and the use of a plurality of pesticides does not meet the current required standard of pollution-free cultivation or organic cultivation. Therefore, in cultivation, the harm of the virus to the strawberry is generally reduced by cultivating virus-free seedlings for soilless culture, insect control, cutting off a virus propagation path or selecting resistant varieties and the like. At present, there are 3 methods for cultivating strawberry non-toxic seedlings: heat treatment, anther culture and stem tip culture, among which the stem tip culture is the most common and effective method for obtaining nontoxic seedlings of strawberries. At present, although the virus-free seedling cultivation technology is mature, the virus-free seedling cultivation technology is easy to infect again, and seedlings need to be replaced regularly.
Many physical, chemical and biological factors have been found to have strong effects on genetic material, and researchers have extensively and deeply studied the mutagenesis mechanism of these factors, for example, Wangwandong et al in the "influence of vacuum and temperature on growth of wheat seedlings during ion implantation" in the paper, the influence of vacuum, temperature, etc. on seed emergence rate during ion implantation, etc. is discussed in detail. However, the strong stimulation to the seedlings often changes the genetic materials of the seedlings, and the development of a complex new variety is involved, and the variation risk in the seedlings is inconsistent with the current increasingly high environmental and ecological requirements.
The invention aims to provide a relatively mild chemical-physical combined treatment method for strawberry seedlings, which can obviously improve the pest and disease prevention performance of the strawberry seedlings, and seedlings obtained by the chemical-physical combined treatment method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a strawberry seedling with excellent insect-resistant performance, which is prepared by the following steps:
firstly, preprocessing: soaking healthy seedling as strawberry seedling in 75% alcohol for 5-8s, and 0.1% HgCl2Sterilizing for 1-2min, sterilizing with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 0.5-1min, and cleaning with sterile water;
secondly, fumigating treatment: placing the pretreated seedling in a saturated water vapor environment at 40-42 deg.C, introducing mixture of trace bromomethane and carbon dioxide, and fumigating for 2-4min, preferably, the saturated water vapor temperature is 41 deg.C, and the treating time is 3 min;
thirdly, vacuum treatment; placing the seedlings obtained by fumigation treatment in a pressure of 2-3kPa at 20 deg.C, and vacuum treating for 10-15 hr, preferably 2.5kPa for 12 hr.
Wherein the volume ratio of the trace bromomethane to the carbon dioxide in the mixture of the trace bromomethane and the carbon dioxide is 2: 1, and the concentration of the bromomethane is 10-15g/m3。
Preferably, the strawberry seedlings are obtained by selecting sphagnum: culturing with culture medium containing vermiculite at a ratio of 1: 1 for 2 months to obtain Przewalsk strawberry seedling.
The invention has the advantages that: by means of the combined treatment method of fumigation chemical treatment and vacuum physical treatment and the optimized parameter selection in the strawberry seedling and each treatment process, the method has excellent pest killing and detoxifying effects and excellent growth effects, and reasonably controls the damage and risk of treatment.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples.
Example 1:
firstly, preprocessing: selecting sphagnum: culturing 1: 1 vermiculite culture medium at 15-20 deg.C in greenhouse for 2 months to obtain strong scarlet strawberry seedling, soaking in 75% alcohol for 6s, and sterilizing with 0.1% HgCl2Sterilizing for 1min, sterilizing for 1min with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, and cleaning with sterile water;
secondly, fumigating treatment: placing the pretreated seedling in saturated water vapor environment at 40 deg.C, and introducing mixture of bromomethane and carbon dioxide at volume ratio of 2: 1 to obtain bromomethane concentration of 10g/m3Carrying out fumigation treatment for 2 min;
thirdly, vacuum treatment; placing the seedlings obtained by fumigation at 20 deg.C under 2kPa, and vacuum treating for 18 h.
The following tests were performed on the treated seedlings and the test results are shown in table 1:
1) respectively collecting 10 compound leaves of strawberry seedlings before and after treatment, placing the compound leaves of the strawberry seedlings after treatment under the conditions of 20 ℃ and 80% humidity for 24 hours, judging the death and activity conditions of aphids on the surfaces of the compound leaves by using a needle stimulation method under a microscope, and calculating the insecticidal effect.
2) The leaves of the strawberry seedlings after the treatment were observed with naked eyes, wherein no damage was observed and marked as O, slight damage was marked as delta, and obvious damage or even withered and dead was marked as X.
TABLE 1
The processing steps and tests of examples 2-3 and comparative examples 1-9 are the same as in example 1, and the specific parameters and test results are shown in table 1.
It can be seen that the fumigation treatment is necessary for controlling the insecticidal rate, and the steam fumigation treatment method using the mixture of methyl bromide and carbon dioxide can correspondingly control the fumigation temperature at a lower level to avoid excessive damage to the seedlings, and in order to effectively exert the fumigation treatment effect, the fumigation temperature should be above 40 ℃, and the fumigation time should be at least 2 min. However, the fumigating temperature is not suitable to be too high, the fumigating time is not suitable to be too long, otherwise, the insecticidal effect can not be obviously improved, and the seedling damage can also be caused. The addition of the methyl bromide and the carbon dioxide effectively improves the effective rate of the steam fumigation treatment, and due to the combined action of the methyl bromide and the carbon dioxide, the methyl bromide can play a sufficient role only by adding a trace amount.
Vacuum treatment can effectually detach the moisture that remains in the seedling after the fumigation treatment in order to further kill the insect pest, will more be favorable to the saving of seedling after getting rid of moisture moreover, has improved the use flexibility of seedling. To ensure the effectiveness of the vacuum treatment, the vacuum pressure should be less than 3kPa and the treatment time should be greater than 10 hours, otherwise it would be difficult to obtain the desired insecticidal effect. But the vacuum pressure is not too low, the processing time is not suitable for the process, otherwise, the insecticidal effect can not be obviously improved, and the seedling can be obviously damaged to influence the use.
In addition, the scarlet seedlings have excellent vacuum treatment resistance, and are most suitable for the seedlings of the treatment method of the invention
According to the invention, by a combined treatment method of fumigation chemical treatment and vacuum physical treatment and optimized parameter selection in the strawberry seedling and each treatment process, the method has excellent insecticidal and detoxification effects and excellent growth effects, and reasonably controls the damage and risk of treatment.
Claims (1)
1. A strawberry seedling treatment method with excellent insect prevention performance comprises the following treatment steps:
firstly, preprocessing: soaking healthy seedling as strawberry seedling in 75% alcohol for 5-8s, and 0.1% HgCl2Sterilizing for 1-2min, sterilizing with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 0.5-1min, and cleaning with sterile water;
secondly, fumigating treatment: placing the pretreated seedling in saturated water vapor environment at 41 deg.C, introducing mixture of trace bromomethane and carbon dioxide, and fumigating for 3 min; wherein,the volume ratio of the trace bromomethane to the carbon dioxide in the mixture of the trace bromomethane and the carbon dioxide is 2: 1, and the concentration of the bromomethane is 10-15g/m3；
Thirdly, vacuum treatment: placing the seedlings obtained by fumigation treatment in a pressure of 2.5kPa at a temperature of 20 ℃, and carrying out vacuum treatment for 12 h;
the strawberry seedlings are scarlet strawberry seedlings obtained by culturing for 2 months in a culture medium with sphagnum and vermiculite in a ratio of 1: 1.
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| CN201410046600.1A CN103797930B (en) | 2014-02-08 | 2014-02-08 | A kind of strawberry seedling with excellent insect-pest performance |
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| CN201410046600.1A CN103797930B (en) | 2014-02-08 | 2014-02-08 | A kind of strawberry seedling with excellent insect-pest performance |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104285751B (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2016-11-23 | 张月荣 | A kind of fruit mulberry detoxification method for culturing seedlings |
| CN104904471A (en) * | 2015-06-01 | 2015-09-16 | 张亚南 | Strawberry planting method |
| CN106576707A (en) * | 2016-10-29 | 2017-04-26 | 蚌埠市涂山绿园蔬菜科研专业合作社 | Method for improving strawberry seedling survival rate |
| CN107580992A (en) * | 2017-09-13 | 2018-01-16 | 界首市四季旺家庭农场 | A kind of implantation methods for improving yield of strawberry |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101491242B (en) * | 2008-01-24 | 2012-03-28 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Application technique of dimethyl disulfide as soil fumigant |
| CN103798036A (en) * | 2014-02-08 | 2014-05-21 | 李爱英 | Strawberry cultivation method |
| CN103798068A (en) * | 2014-02-08 | 2014-05-21 | 李爱英 | Strawberry seed and seedling processing method |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101491242B (en) * | 2008-01-24 | 2012-03-28 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Application technique of dimethyl disulfide as soil fumigant |
| CN103798036A (en) * | 2014-02-08 | 2014-05-21 | 李爱英 | Strawberry cultivation method |
| CN103798068A (en) * | 2014-02-08 | 2014-05-21 | 李爱英 | Strawberry seed and seedling processing method |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 国内外草莓连作障碍与综合治理研究进展;刘奇志等;《中国果树》;20121110(第6期);第58-62页 * |
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