CN1088669C - 船基气体运输系统 - Google Patents

船基气体运输系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN1088669C
CN1088669C CN97198354A CN97198354A CN1088669C CN 1088669 C CN1088669 C CN 1088669C CN 97198354 A CN97198354 A CN 97198354A CN 97198354 A CN97198354 A CN 97198354A CN 1088669 C CN1088669 C CN 1088669C
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China
Prior art keywords
gas
pipe
container
pressure
continuous pipe
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Expired - Lifetime
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CN97198354A
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English (en)
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CN1231639A (zh
Inventor
戴维·G·斯滕宁
詹姆斯·A·克兰
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Marine ngui cooperation company
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Enron LNG Dev Corp
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Publication of CN1231639A publication Critical patent/CN1231639A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/14—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed pressurised
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/02—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods
    • B63B25/08—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid
    • B63B25/12—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed
    • B63B25/16—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B25/00—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby
    • B63B25/22—Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for palletised articles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C1/002—Storage in barges or on ships
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    • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
    • F17C5/06—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with compressed gases
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    • F17C2201/05—Size
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
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    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0617—Single wall with one layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
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    • F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
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Abstract

一种由卷绕成多层的连续管(10)形成的气体储存系统(11)。连续管可分布在一容器里(12)。当安装着连续管的容器互相堆叠时，上面容器的重量可由下面容器的侧壁(16，18)支承，由此防止下层管子因上层管子的挤压而受力。将气体运送到一气体分配站的方法包括，在远离气体分配站的供气站获得大量的气体，将气体注入连续管里，然后通过船(62)将携带气体的连续管运送到气体分配站，以及卸下气体。

Description

船基气体运输系统
本发明的技术领域
本发明涉及运输和储存流体的装置和方法，具体地说，本发明涉及诸如天然气之类的压缩气体的运输和储存。
本发明的技术背景
本发明是1995年10月30日提交的美国专利申请第08/550,080号的部分接续申请。
在该申请里，也公开了一种船基气体运输系统，其中，许多圆筒组成许多单元，每一单元有3至30个圆筒。还介绍了总管和阀门系统，以使圆筒与在岸上的装载和卸载终端连接。
在该船基气体运输系统里的设备的数量和互相连接的总管和阀门系统复杂性与运输船携带的圆筒的数量直接有关。因此，在大型船舶里，需要大量的与连接气体圆筒的总管和阀门有关的费用。这样，存在着这样一种需要，即寻找一种既能大量压缩气体又能简化连接总管和阀门的系统的、供压缩气体用的储存系统。
本发明的简要说明
一种在船上的、特别适合于运输大量压缩气体的气体储存系统包括：由盘旋的连续管提供的大储存容积。使用长的连续管储存气体将显著地降低成本，因为在气体储存容器之间只需要少量的连接设备。
因此，按照本发明提供一种由连续管形成的气体储存系统。该连续管较佳的是堆叠或卷绕在一容器里。按照本发明的一个方面，连续管卷绕成许多层，每层具有许多圈。然而，连续管可以各种各样的形状分布在容器里。供卷绕的连续管使用的容器可具有多种功能。第一，该容器可作为一储存器，以便卷绕管子。第二，该容器可作为提升管子的装置。第三，该容器可作为储存环绕着连续管的空气的装置。
当安装着连续管的容器互相堆叠时，上面容器的重量可由下面容器的侧壁支承，由此防止下层管子必须承受上层管子重量造成的压力，而这种压力产生的应力将会降低可接受的气体压力值。
按照本发明的另一个方面，提供一种将气体运输至一气体分配站的方法，该方法包括在远离气体分配站的一个供气站处获得大量的气体，将气体注入一弯曲成许多层、各层包括许多圈的连续管里，将最好是在船上的、携带气体的连续管运输至气体分配站，以及在气体分配站处卸下气体。较佳的是，在气体分配站卸下气体过程中获得的连续管储存系统的冷却被保存在气体储存系统里，这样，在在供气站处接着进行的充填过程中，连续管一开始就是冷的。
在卸下过程中，通过绝热地降低气体压力、使可储存的流体与一热交换器里的流动的气体逆向流动、并使可储存的流体流入连续管气体储存系统里，可使运输的气体冷却。
让冷气体经过一热交换器中的管道并逆向对着(例如)流动的海水流动可保存在该气体里的低温，然后，将冷却的海水储存在船里。接着，可利用冷却的海水冷却在供气站处注入连续管储存系统里的气体。
使用卷绕的连续管、以便对一封闭容器大量充填的、本发明的气体储存系统具有若干优点。第一，管子的直径可小于12英寸，从而可增加断裂韧性和降低失效的可能性和严重性。第二，长管子连续生产的技术是众所周知的，特别是在石油工业部门，因此在连续管的生产方面是不成问题的。第三，诸如一般焊接在圆筒端部的大圆顶这种复杂的设计工作不再需要了。第四，与使用许多圆筒相比，使用连续管只需要少量的控制阀、减压阀和相关的设备。从而降低成本。第五，与大直径圆筒相比，使用很长的小直径管子也可在卸下气体后在钢管里保存更低的温度。在钢管里保存低温有助于将供气站里的气体重新充填在连续管储存系统里。
本发明的这些和其它的方面将在本发明的详细说明里介绍，并由附后的权利要求书要求保护。
附图的简要说明
现在参考附图描述本发明的较佳实施例，这些实施例只是为了说明而并不是用来限制本发明的范围。其中，相同的标号表示相同的零件。
图1显示了一按照本发明的、示范的卷绕的连续管气体储存系统，它适合于用船运输气体；
图2A是按照本发明第一实施例的、一卷绕的连续管的立体图；
图2B是按照本发明第二实施例的一连续管储存系统的立体图；
图3是部分剖开的立体图，显示了按照本发明的一个实施例卷绕在一容器里的连续管，以显示立方形和六边形两种堆叠方式；
图4是具有最小半径转角的卷绕的连续管的平面图，该连续管可安装在一矩形容器里；
图5是一具有U形圈的连续管的立体图，它们以背对背方式安装，形成一单层；
图6是局部剖视的一船的平面图，船上有包含连续管的芯轴式容器，容器以垂直轴线取向，并在横隔壁之间以立方形方式堆叠；
图7是局部剖视的一船的平面图，船上有包含连续管的芯轴式容器，容器以垂直轴线取向，并在半六边形隔壁内以六边形方式堆叠；
图8是一船的平面图，船上带有以六边形方式堆叠的容器，而在半六边形隔壁内有三列容器；
图9是五个互相堆叠的容器的剖视图，连续管卷绕在容器的芯轴上(未画出所有的管子)；
图10是按照本发明一实施例的一容器的底部的俯视图；
图10A是本发明使用的一容器的剖视图；
图11A是通过图10中的容器底部的径向剖视图；
图11B是一容器底部的剖视图，它垂直于图11A中的剖视图；
图11C是图10中的容器底部的径向视图；
图12是图10中的容器侧壁的侧视图；以及
图13是将低温保存在从(例如)船上卸下的气体里的系统的示意图。
较佳实施例的详细说明
一圈管子在这里被定义为一节管子，它自身返回，因此在该管子里流动的流体转弯时大于90度。一层管子在这里被定义为一组管子，它们互相横向间隔，且分布在一个厚度基本上等于管子直径的区域内。具体实施时，该层管子可以是水平的、垂直的或在它们之间的任何角度上。
应该知道，用来制造用于本发明的连续管的材料在运转中的流体输送压力和温度下是可延展的和不会破裂的，且对于储存在连续管里的气体是不渗透的。还应该知道，虽然非常长的管子是理想的，但为了制造方便，可能必须在长管子段之间提供中间连接。连续管可用任何规定等级的钢材、例如X70制造，但这种钢管也可在所有的焊接完成后进行淬火和回火，以增加强度。此外，还可用高张力钢丝卷绕在连续管上。
图3显示了一示范的气体储存装置11。而图1显示了多个气体储存装置11。
本发明的气体储存装置11是通过在容器12内以多层方式分布或卷绕一根连续管10形成的，而各层管子是由两圈以上的管子形成的。连续管10上的，允许气体流进或流出管子10的任何开口、诸如在管子端部17和19处的开口处设有阀门，例如图1中的阀门21。该阀门可关闭连续管10，以便储存和输送气体。各节管子10还应该设置压力安全阀(未画出)，以便在气体超过预定压力时释放气体。
容器12具有一底部14，一外保护侧壁16，一内保护侧壁18和一顶盖20。当容器被加工成一卷筒状时，内保护侧壁18形成一中心部分。容器12也可提供一储存器作用，即它可提供一种支承，让连续管10卷绕在里面，然后升高，由此可较容易地对管子进行处理并放置在(例如)船上。此外，在如图9所示容器12堆叠的情况下，容器12会将连续管10的负载分配给在下面的容器12的侧壁，这样，连续管10的重量将由侧壁16和18支承。
连续管10的端部17和19较佳的是延伸通过在容器12内侧壁18上的气密孔。如图1所示，垂直管23A可与连续管10的端部17连接，使它们分别与高压、中压或低压总管25A、25B或25C连接，以便在一供气站处给连续管10加气，而在一气体分配站处自连续管10卸下气体。总管25A、25B和25C较佳的是位于船的甲板63上，而容器12安装在船舱里。可利用垂直管23A上的阀门27控制气体从总管25A-25C到连续管10的进出。垂直管23B可与端部19连接，使它们与高压和低压流体管道29A和29B连接。在垂直管23B上的阀门31可用来控制流体流入和流出连续管10。此外，端部17和19可延伸通过容器12的外壁16，以代替延伸通过内壁18。
容器12的底部14、侧壁16和18及顶盖20较佳的是被密封，以便成为气密状态。这种气密状态使容器12对由连续管10或容器12或它们共同携带的流体具有保护功能。还可在容器12里充填支承填料，诸如干岩粉、水泥、水之类的流体、或钻井使用的普通泥。这种支承填料可具有大于1的比重，从而有助于支承连续管10的负载。当管子和储存气体混合物的比重大致等于支承填料的比重时，给容器12充填支承填料可能才是实际有益的。在这种情况下，多层连续管10可依次堆叠而不会增加在连续管的侧壁上出现异常应力的危险。
此外，在连续管10不需要支承的情况下，可在容器12里充填诸如氮之类的惰性气体，空气或废气。较佳的是，可提供风扇或类似装置(未画出)，以便借助通过密封孔(未画出)进出容器12的管道(未画出)使容器12内的空气循环，另外，最好对容器12里的空气定期化验，以便确定是否有从连续管泄漏的气体。
作为例子，还可在容器12里设置声音监测器。这种声音监测器将检测泄漏气体产生的噪声或在管子有毛病并逐步发展时连续管10上的结晶金属的声音。此外，可用通常使用的嗅觉设备嗅闻在容器里而在连续管10外的空气，以检测是否有泄漏的气体。
已经知道，连续管里的泄漏开始是少量的。但一旦检测到有泄漏，受影响的一盘连续管将迅速放空和快速泄漏。如果泄漏迅速增长至一显著规模，容器12里的压力将升高。容器12的壁、例如中心部分的上壁应设置传统的安全膜或可折叠的嵌板33，并被设置成在容器12里的压力达到可能危及容器12壁的某些部分的水平前打开。然后，由这种迅速泄漏产生的气流将由通风管35引导离开，并通过适当高度的烟囱排出。已经知道，对压力气体的这种双重保护也将受到管理部门的认可，由于非常安全，因此针对管子在破裂方面的安全系数的这种低成本可得到管理部分的赞同。
现在参看图2A，连续管10可以交替层的形式从外侧到内侧和从内侧到外侧卷绕在容器12的顶部14上。图2A中的层11A是从内侧卷绕到外侧，而层11B是从外侧卷绕到内侧并在层11A之上。这样，通过将管子卷绕在由内侧壁18形成的中心部分上可将连续管10安装在容器12里，较佳的是，卷绕从内侧开始而在外侧结束。当连续管10的下层能够支承连续管的上层而不会危及除了压力气体的内部压力还要承受显著增加的应力的连续管10时，可在中心部分上卷绕多层连续管10。任何给定管子层可支承的最大数量的管子层可通过管子强度计算迅速找到。例如，可将6英寸外径的管子卷绕在约10英尺高40英尺宽的容器里，这样，约有20层和约30圈(在这里，每圈包括一段360°转弯的管子)，这将使连续管的长度在9英里范围内。对于6英寸管子来说，中心部分的宽度可在10英尺范围内。管子的外径最好在1英寸至10英寸之间，容器12内芯的大小取决于管子的最小弯曲度，而管子的弯曲度取决于连续管弯曲时的温度和制造连续管的材料。例如，冷弯曲由X70钢板焊接而成的连续管时，最小半径约是10D(D是管子的直径)。而热弯曲时，最小半径可减至3D。
按图2A所示的方式卷绕连续管可形成如图3所示的局部立方形堆叠和局部六边形堆叠，图3是通过连续管所有层的剖视图。在立方形堆叠中，各管子段紧靠4根另外的管子段，即上面一根，下面一根和两侧各一根。在立方形堆叠中，管子10约占据容器12内部空间的78.5％。在六边形堆叠中，各管子段与相邻的管子段有6个点接触。由此将占据约90.7％的容器12内部空间。六边形堆叠在两个方面优于立方形堆叠：一个是空间占据率方面，一个是减少在连续管10下部的圆周应力上的横向挤压力的影响方面。在图1和3所示的盘管情况下，可沿着互相成90度的线形成完全立方形和完全六边形堆叠。如果环绕着该盘管慢慢转动完全六边形堆叠的轴线，就可获得约84.6％的平均堆叠密度。
如图2A所示的实施例，如果盘管的轴线在使用时是垂直取向的，就可确定连续管10里的流体将从管子的一端部、例如所示的端部13排出。容器12的底部14不需要是平的，而可以在中心处升高或降低，例如形成角锥状或圆锥形，以便有助于流体从连续管中排出。在容器12底部14中心部分升高的情况下，连续管10的装阀门端应该在容器12的外侧。
在图2B所示的实施例里，连续管1O卷绕在一芯轴22上。卷绕是从一端板24到另一端板26轴向进行的。由此形成卷轴状的卷绕。芯轴22和端板24及26一起形成一用来支承连续管1O的支承。与图2A相同的卷绕方法也可用于图2B所示的实施例里。
在图4所示的实施例里，直管段32和弯管段34交替出现而形成一正方形，但也可形成长方形、六边形或其它多边形。相同的卷绕方法可用于图2A中的实施例。该实施例可用来充填一条船的整个船舱。然而，具有直管段和弯管段的结构卷绕起来比较困难，但在显著改进盘管在船舱里的堆叠方面是令人满意的。
以图5所示的方式将管子分布在一(例如)矩形容器、诸如船舱里可获得完全六边形堆叠。各层管子42是由U形圈44形成的，各U形圈44具有交替连接的直管段46和弯管段48。管子在弯管段处变薄，弯管段是以传统的方法轧制管子，然后将管子弯曲180度形成的。另外的层可用图示的方法形成，即利用以六边形堆叠方式重叠在下一层上的连续管的端部49。端部47上有凸缘，以便安装阀门(未画出)。在这个实施例具有六边形堆叠的优点的同时，气体的流动将在连续管的弯管段处受到约束，从而使得一较佳实施例在给连续管加气和从连续管里排出气体时在低速方面是令人满意的。
可将以图2A所示的盘管方式卷绕在一容器里的连续管运到图6、7和8所示的船62的船舱60里，其中的盘管具有垂直轴线。船舱(例如)可有100英尺宽和700英尺长，且较佳的是用类似于密封容器12的可控制的空气进行密封。容器12可如图6所示那样，肩并肩成立方形。这对于28个直径为50英尺的容器12来说，将产生约75.4％的空间利用率。容器12也可如图7和8所示的那样，被安装成两列或三列的六边形形状。在图7和8所示的船舱60里，船舱60分别被六边形隔壁64和66分隔。在图7中，对于26个直径为53.6英尺的容器来说，空间利用率约是81.25％，而在图8中，对于57个直径为36.603英尺的容器来说，空间利用率约是79.81％。较佳的是，容器12如图9所示那样堆叠在船舱里，例如将各有11英尺高的5个容器12堆叠在一起，使其总高约55英尺。容器12堆叠的总高受船舶稳定性条件的限制。此外，容器12可使它们的轴线成水平方进行取向。在另一种情况下，可使船舱形成一圆筒形的底部，可让具有与船的纵轴线平行的水平轴线的盘管放置其中。虽然沿船的长度放置单个盘管可能是有益的，但对于某些船厂来说，这种安装可能是困难的。而安装许多依次相连的、各具有若干层并具有水平轴线的较小盘管对于某些船厂来说可能是容易的，它可在不危及连续管10的情况下进行处理。
较佳的是将容器12堆叠起来，例如图9所示的那样堆叠约5个容器12，使下面容器12的侧壁16和18支承上面的容器。可用任何方式制成容器12，只要它们能够支承和容纳连续管10。如图10-12所示，容器12可包括在内侧的24根立柱52和在外侧的24根立柱53，外立柱53顶部安装着环状箱形梁54且中心距间隔36英寸。容器12的底部14由上面覆盖着板58的工字梁56支承。工字梁56分别连接一内立柱52和一外立柱53。作为一个例子，外立柱53可由12×4的腹板和8×6的凸缘形成，而内立柱52具有略小的凸缘。底部工字梁56可具有12×3的腹板和8×7的凸缘。侧壁16和18及底部14可用平板58和59覆盖并密封，以便使容器里的流体不会泄漏。如图3所示，容器12较佳的是设置顶盖20，以便在工作时被密封。除了顶部容器，下面容器的顶盖可由上面容器的底部提供。
在将许多连续管10搬运到一起时，可将它们依次连接，以使其均处一个船舱里，由此(例如)可使气体同时在船舱里所有的连续管10里循环，并可使一设备沿一条通道通过它们，提供检验和清洁服务。此外，可给船舱里的连续管10提供受控制的空气和绝缘壁。
当搬运完毕，可通过高压、中压和低压总管25A、25B和25C(见图1)与一在岸或离岸浮动转运站连接，这方面的内容可见1995年10月30日提交的美国专利申请第08/550,080号，其内容在这里被参考使用。
在将气体吸入连续管10之前可对提供给连续管10的气体进行冷却。为了进行冷却运输，较佳的是在容器12的外侧壁上安装绝缘材料41，以便使容器12绝缘。
为了将气体(例如天然气)从一供气站(例如一在岸中转站或一离岸浮动中转站)转运到在远方的一气体分配站(例如另一在岸中转站或一离岸浮动中转站)，首先必须给供气站供气。例如，可通过一管道将气体传送给在岸或离岸供气站。然后，通过(例如)压力在约3000psi的总管25A、25B和25C(见图1)将气体压缩进入(例如)如图6、7和8那样堆叠在船62里的连续管10。该压力可能直线上升，例如从800psi升到1500psi，再从1500psi升到3000psi，使压缩更加有效。然后，(例如)通过船62将连续管10转运到在远方的气体分配站，再通过总管25A、25B和25C卸下气体。
较佳的是，通过使连续管10冷却的方法在气体分配站卸下气体。它可以这样获得，例如以周而复始的方式允许气体膨胀离开管子10，即让第一管子10首先通过高压总管25A、然后中压总管25B、最后低压总管25C放空。当第一管子10通过中压总管25B放空时，可使下一条管子10通过高压总管25A放空，依次进行，直至所有的管子10放空。在连续管10里的气体膨胀将使连续管冷却至(例如)0°F，但不会降低到使连续管变脆的温度。然后，可将冷却的管子运回远方的供气站，再对管子加气，由于管子已经被冷却，因此可充填较大重量的气体，并在供气站处以给定的压力充填管子。为从这种操作方式中得到最大的好处，可用绝缘材料41包裹管子10、容器12和船舱60。通过降低在船甲板上的热交换器里的压力可增加对连续管10的冷却，该热交换器或是交换可在容器12里但在管子10外循环的惰性气体，或是交换可通过已经放空的连续管10膨胀和循环的中等压力气体，此外，还可在气体进入连续管10前对气体进行冷却。
可通过从连续管10的一端注入不腐蚀、不含水、不能压缩、与气体不易混合的流体(例如在天然气储存和运输情况下具有约多于7个碳原子的液体碳化氢)而迫使气体从另一端排出来卸下连续管10里的气体。这种液体可储存在一液体储存器80里，并利用泵82通过高压和低压流体管道29A和29B压入连续管10。储存容器80可通过管道81连接到船的燃料供应点(未画出)，因为在使用后，该液体将包含溶解的气体，而该气体会从容器80里的溶液中出来。
在一类似的方法里，可通过自(例如)总管25A给管子的一端充填高压力的气体、而以稳定的压力从管子的另一端推出不可压缩的流体对管子10加气。然后可让推出的压力流体通过一在管道88上的、能产生电流或冷却的能量转换装置86，诸如一涡轮机，由阀门90控制的管道88与高压和低压流体管道29A和29B连接，然后通过将推出的压力流体注入下一条管子的端部而对一系列连续管10中的下一条管子充填。一旦完成对连续管10的充填，通过管道29A和管道84使该流体返回流体储存容器80，在充填管子10时，首先充填不可压缩的流体。不可压缩流体的连续外流应该由阀门(例如阀门31)和能量转换装置86调整，以便使进来的气体保持大致稳定的压力，从而避免因充填连续管10时气体的膨胀和再压缩造成的不需要的热量增加。
在气体分配站卸下气体的过程中，当首先卸下气体时，可通过高压总管25(沿着方向A)将气体卸在岸上。总管25A、25B和25C的端部B可与其它船舱里的其它容器12连接。在总管25A里的一部分高压气体可通过阀门43和热交换器72进入中压总管25B，气体绝热地减压通过热交换器72和冷却。此外，来自总管25A的一部分高压气体可通过阀门45、热交换器72、管道51和管道29A重新返回连续管10，且不会有压力损失。然而，由于从高压总管25A流入中压总管25B的气体有压力损失(例如压力降在1500psi范围内)，它将冷却通过热交换器72返回到连续管10的气体。这种冷却可能是显著的，并可能将气体冷却到-50°F，甚至更低。当管子里的压力下降时，可继续选择总管25A、25B和25C，以便从管子里卸下气体。在冷却后，船62可返回到供气站装载设备处，以便进行另一次气体装载，而管子仍保持冷却。
可以预期，通过用来自热交换器72的冷却气体冷却连续管，在返程中的连续管10将具有在-50°F范围内的温度。在给连续管10充填气体并返回到卸气站后，连续管10里的气体的温度将上升至约0°F。最好在气体分配站卸下气体的过程中能恢复这种低温。为此，请参看图13，当利用岸上压缩机90通过总管25A、25B和25C和船对岸连接装置卸下连续管10里的气体时，气体将通过热交换器92，从而与流动的、较佳的是逆流的、较容易输送的液体、诸如海水进行热交换。海水是(例如)通过泵94吸入热交换器92的，在卸下气体过程中，从海里吸上来的海水通过管道93、热交换器92和管道95进入在船甲板上的储存箱，该储存箱(例如)也可是位于船的双层壳体或双层底部的绝缘的压载箱96。这样，海水被冷却，但不会冷却到结冰温度，并形成大量的高热容量冷却液体。在接着进行的在装载设备处对连续管10加气的过程中，再使用岸上压缩机，使从压载箱96里抽吸出来的冷海水通过热交换器92返回到海里，由此冷却任何流经总管25A、25B和25C进入连续管10的气体。船舶在向气体分配站行进的载物航程中可携带约17,000吨的气体，而在返回供气站的返航途中可携带约10,000-15,000吨的冷却海水。
本发明的这个方面特别适用于整盘的连续管10，但也可用于其它的气体储存容器，诸如我们先前的专利申请所述的直圆筒。本文中所述的冷的气体储存容器是指一种容器，它的温度低于环境温度(即交通工具、如船舶经过的空气的温度)，但最好大大低于环境温度。此外，在大量气体通过陆地运输的地方，本技术的原理也可利用，虽然冷储存液体可改用其它的液体，诸如普通的水。
按照本发明用来运输气体的船应该是双层壳体，并符合运输危险物品的所有安全要求。
可以预计，对于天然气运输来说，当将连续管10里的压力降至约150psi时，可卸下约95％的气体。这个数量的气体提供了剩余的或一定量的。可作为下一次船返回供气站航程时船上的引擎用的燃料。
任何可安全运输的气体、诸如天然气、城市煤气、氯气、氢气、氧气、氮气、氩气、乙烷和乙烯等都可用本发明的气体储存装置。
在另一个实施例里，本发明的储存装置可安装在一带有压缩机的驳船里，并紧靠一城市停泊，使该储存装置与主供气管道连接，以便在用气高峰时提供气体。在用气低峰时，可重新充填该储存装置。该储存装置也可安装在岸上的一建筑物里或地下，以便提供类似的功能，例如为发电厂储存天然气或为城市储存城市煤气。在较小尺寸情况下，本发明的储存装置可用来储存压缩天然气(CNG)，以便置于一给汽车供料的CNG供料站里。
现在已经介绍了本发明，但应该明白，对于本技术领域的技术人员来说，在不超出本发明基本精神的情况下还可对本发明作出许多改进，本发明的基本精神已由附后的权利要求书的范围限定。

Claims (59)

1.一种压缩气体储存装置，其特征在于，它包括：
许多盘管，所述各盘管包括卷绕成多层的连续管，所述每一层包括多圈管子；
适合于有选择地连接一压缩气体源的阀门装置；以及
使所述各盘管与所述阀门装置连接的装置，
由此可通过所述阀门装置接受压缩气体，将其储存在所述盘管里，以及通过所述阀门装置从所述盘管里卸下压缩气体。
2.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括许多供所述盘管用的支承结构，所述各支承结构适合于容纳和支承至少一个所述盘管，以及允许所述支承结构和其中的盘管堆叠。
3.如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述各支承结构挤压一芯轴，而安装在其中的至少一个所述盘管卷绕在所述芯轴上。
4.如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述支承结构包括气密容器，而该气密容器具有顶部、底部和侧壁。
5.如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述许多支承结构互相堆叠。
6.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述盘管安装在船只或汽车上。
7.如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述盘管安装在船舱里。
8.如权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，所述船舱适合于制成气密的并还包括：
给所述船舱提供惰性气体的装置，以便使所述船舱保持惰性环境并包裹着所述盘管；以及
减压装置，使所述船舱与环境连通。
9.如权利要求7所述的装置，其特征在于，所述船舱是绝热的。
10.一种压缩气体储存装置，其特征在于，它包括：
一具有顶部、底部和侧壁的气密容器；
一以多层方式卷绕在所述容器里的连续管，所述每一层包括多圈管子，
所述卷绕的连续管占据所述容器内部空间的大部分；
使所述卷绕的管子与在所述容器外的压缩气体源连通的装置；以及
与所述容器有关的减压装置，以便在所述容器里而在所述卷绕的管子外的压力超过预定值时使所述容器自动地与环境连通。
11.如权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括安装在所述卷绕的管子上的阀门装置，以便控制压缩气体在所述压缩气体源和所述卷绕的管子之间的流动。
12.如权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括在所述容器里、能至少部分地支承卷绕在所述容器里的所述管子的重量的支承填料。
13.如权利要求12所述的装置，其特征在于，所述支承填料是流体。
14.如权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括给所述容器提供惰性气体环境的装置。
15.如权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，所述容器安装在船舱或汽车上。
16.如权利要求10所述的装置，其特征在于，所述容器是一船舱。
17.如权利要求16所述的装置，其特征在于，所述船舱是绝热的。
18.一种压缩气体运送装置，其特征在于，它包括：
一船只；
许多压缩气体储存单元，它们被制成和布置成可由所述船只运送，所述各压缩气体储存单元包括由以多层方式卷绕的连续管形成的盘管，所述每一层包括多圈管子；
第一总管，所述第一总管包括与一终端流动连接的装置；
使所述各压缩气体储存单元与所述单元总管连接的流动连接装置；以及
有选择地控制所述压缩气体储存单元和所述单元总管之间的压缩气体流动的阀门装置，
由此，所述压缩气体储存单元可有选择地与所述第一总管流动连接，而所述第一总管可与所述终端流动连接。
19.如权利要求18所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括第二总管，所述第二总管包括与所述终端流动连接的装置，其中，所述流动连接装置和所述阀门装置可另外与所述第一总管配合，由此，所述压缩气体储存单元可有选择地与所述第一或第二总管流动连接。
20.如权利要求18所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括一加压液体源，使所述各盘管与所述加压液体源流动连接的装置，以及有选择地控制所述加压液体源和所述各盘管之间的加压液体流动的阀门装置，由此，加压液体在排出压缩气体时可用来充填所述压缩气体储存单元中的所述盘管，而在加入加压气体时可从所述盘管里排出，从而可在卸下和加入压缩气体时限制在所述盘管里的气体的膨胀。
21.如权利要求18所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括：
热交换器，它具有通过其中的第一和第二流道；
一绝热箱，用来储存热交换液体；
有选择地使所述绝热箱与通过所述热交换器的所述第一和第二流道中的一个流动连接的装置；
有选择地使所述第一总管和所述热交换器里的所述第一和第二流道中的另一个流动连接的装置；
由此，从所述压缩气体储存单元排出的压缩气体可循环通过所述热交换器，使所述热交换液体冷却，然后可将所述冷却的热交换液体储存在所述绝热箱里，此后用来冷却将提供给所述压缩气体储存单元的压缩气体。
22.如权利要求18所述的装置，其特征在于，所述压缩气体储存单元还包括供所述各盘管用的气密容器。
23.一种压缩气体储存装置，其特征在于，它包括：
由以多层方式卷绕的连续管形成的盘管，所述每一层包括多圈管子，所述盘管具有第一和第二端；
安装在所述盘管的所述第一和第二端中的一端上的、适合于与一压缩气体源有选择地流道连接的阀门装置；
一用来储存与储存在所述压缩气体储存装置里的压缩气体不能混合的液体的容器；
使所述盘管的所述第一和第二端中的另一端与所述容器流动连接的装置；以及
有选择地控制所述容器和所述盘管之间的液体流动的阀门装置，
由此，当压缩气体从所述盘管的一端排出时，所述液体可从所述盘管的另一端加入，而当从所述盘管的一端加入压缩气体时，所述液体可从所述盘管的另一端卸下，从而在卸下和加入压缩气体时可限制在所述盘管里的所述压缩气体的膨胀。
24.如权利要求23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述气体是惰性气体，所述液体是液态碳氢化合物。
25.如权利要求1或10或18或23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述各层管子是由螺旋形的连续管形成的，该连续管沿径向方向卷绕而形成一盘管子。
26.如权利要求1或10或18或23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述连续管的取向和布置使液态能从管子的一端排出。
27.如权利要求1或10或18或23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述连续管以横截面为六边形的形式卷绕。
28.如权利要求1或10或18或23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述连续管以横截面为四边形的形式卷绕。
29.如权利要求1或10或18或23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述各圈管子是由一系列U形管段形成的，所述各互相连接的U形管段具有在直管段之间的弯管段。
30.如权利要求1或10或18或23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述连续管具有统一的内径并适合于用可在管子内移动的监测装置监测。
31.如权利要求1或10或18或23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述连续管具有大于1英寸的内径和小于10英寸的内径。
32.如权利要求1或10或18或23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述各层管子互相邻接。
33.如权利要求1或10或18或23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述各圈管子互相邻接。
34.如权利要求1或23所述的装置，其特征在于，许多所述盘管依次连接在一起。
35.如权利要求1或23所述的装置，其特征在于，许多所述盘管与一共用总管连接。
36.如权利要求7或16或18所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括装载终端，以便将压缩气体提供给所述船只以储存在所述盘管里。
37.如权利要求7或16或18所述的装置，其特征在于，还包括卸载终端，以便接纳来自所述盘管的压缩气体。
38.如权利要求19所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一总管包括一高压总管，所述第二总管包括一低压总管。
39.一种将气体运送到一气体分配站的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
从远离气体分配站的一供气站获得大量气体；
将气体注入弯曲成多层的连续管里，所述各层包括多圈管子；
将携带气体的连续管运送到气体分配站；以及
在气体分配站处卸下气体。
40.如权利要求39所述的方法，其特征在于，所述连续管安装在船舱里。
41.如权利要求39所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括以下步骤：
以使所述连续管冷却的方式在气体分配站处卸下气体；以及
将所述冷却的连续管运回到一供气站。
42.如权利要求41所述的方法，其特征在于，在气体分配站卸下气体还包括以下步骤：
以绝热方式降低在一热交换器里的气体的压力；
冷却经过所述热交换器的液体；以及
使所述冷却液体在所述连续管里循环。
43.如权利要求40所述的方法，其特征在于，在气体分配站卸下气体还包括以下步骤：
用气体冷却可储存的液体；以及
将所述可储存的液体储存在船上。
44.如权利要求43所述的方法，其特征在于，冷却所述可储存的液体还包括以下步骤：
使气体以与所述可储存液体逆向流动的方式经过一热交换器，以冷却可储存液体。
45.如权利要求43所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括以下步骤：
将所述连续管和所述冷却的可储存液体运回到一供气站；
用所述冷却的可储存液体冷却从供气站获得的气体；
给所述连续管重新充填气体。
46.一种储存气体的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
当对气体的需求低时将气体提供给弯曲成多层的连续管，所述各层包括多圈管子；
将气体储存在所述连续管里；以及
当对气体的需求高时从所述连续管卸下气体。
47.如权利要求46所述的方法，其特征在于，所述连续管安装在密封的容器里。
48.如权利要求46所述的方法，其特征在于，气体储存在许多连续管里，各连续管被弯曲成多层，所述各层包括多圈管子，且各连续管安装在一密封的容器里。
49.如权利要求48所述的方法，其特征在于，所述连续管被依次充填。
50.一种将气体输送给一气体分配站的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
从远离气体分配站的一供气站获得大量的气体；
将在冷却气体储存容器里的气体运送到气体分配站；
在气体分配站处卸下气体，同时使所述气体储存容器保持低温；以及
将所述冷却气体储存容器运回到所述供气站。
51.如权利要求50所述的方法，其特征在于，所述冷却气体储存容器安装在一船舱里。
52.如权利要求51所述的方法，其特征在于，在气体分配站卸下气体还包括以下步骤：
以绝热方式降低在一热交换器里的气体的压力；
将经过所述热交换器的液体冷却；以及
使所述冷却的液体循环经过所述气体储存容器。
53.如权利要求51所述的方法，其特征在于，在气体分配站卸下气体还包括以下步骤：
利用气体冷却可储存的液体；以及
将所述冷却的可储存的液体储存在船上。
54.如权利要求53所述的方法，其特征在于，冷却所述可储存的液体还包括以下步骤：使气体以与所述可储存的液体逆向流动的方式经过一热交换器，以便冷却所述可储存的液体。
55.如权利要求53所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括以下步骤：
将所述气体储存容器和所述冷却的可储存的液体运回到一供气站；
给所述气体储存容器重新充填气体；以及
用所述冷却的可储存的液体冷却该气体。
56.一种给气体分配站提供气体的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括以下步骤：
将气井里的气体引导到一供气站；
从所述供气站获得大量气体，所述供气站在远离气体分配站的地方；
在所述供气站处冷却和压缩气体；
将所述冷却和压缩的气体注入弯曲成多层的连续管里，所述各层包括多圈管子；
将在所述连续管里的所述冷却和压缩的气体运送到气体分配站；以及
在气体分配站卸下所述冷却和压缩的气体。
57.如权利要求56所述的方法，其特征在于，所述连续管安装在船舱里。
58.一种将气体提供给使用者的方法，包括以下步骤：
将气井里的气体引导到一供气站；
从所述供气站获得大量气体，所述供气站在远离使用者的地方；
在所述供气站处冷却和压缩气体；
将所述冷却和压缩的气体注入弯曲成多层的连续管里，所述各层包括多圈管子；
将在所述连续管里的所述冷却和压缩的气体运送到气体分配站；
在所述气体分配站卸下所述冷却和压缩的气体；
将所述气体分配站里的气体提供给使用者。
59.如权利要求58所述的方法，其特征在于，连续管安装在船舱里。
CN97198354A 1996-10-01 1997-09-26 船基气体运输系统 Expired - Lifetime CN1088669C (zh)

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ES2234034T3 (es) 2005-06-16
NO314794B1 (no) 2003-05-26
JP2001502775A (ja) 2001-02-27
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BR9713478A (pt) 2000-04-11
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US5839383A (en) 1998-11-24
CO4770864A1 (es) 1999-04-30
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WO1998014362A1 (en) 1998-04-09
KR20000048793A (ko) 2000-07-25

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