CN108859323B - 一种铝木复合多层功能板及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种铝木复合多层功能板及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108859323B
CN108859323B CN201810764908.8A CN201810764908A CN108859323B CN 108859323 B CN108859323 B CN 108859323B CN 201810764908 A CN201810764908 A CN 201810764908A CN 108859323 B CN108859323 B CN 108859323B
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杨红旗
李江晓
王寒烨
杨沁雅
陈广辉
杨亚峰
李山
武轲
徐兰兰
李普宪
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Abstract

本发明涉及功能板的制备技术领域,公开了一种铝木复合多层功能板及其制备方法,包括以下步骤:将中密度纤维板、旋切木质单板表面打磨;将铝箔表面打磨,洗净干燥;分别称取酚醛树脂、聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液和纯净水,于容器中混合均匀;对两块铝箔、中密度纤维板、旋切木质单板的打磨面分别涂胶粘剂;将打磨面上的胶粘剂干燥至胶粘剂成透明状;按照旋切木质单板、铝箔、中密度纤维板、铝箔和旋切木质单板的顺序进行组坯;冷压预压5分钟;进行热压,热压结束后取出板材,自然降温至室温。这种铝木复合多层功能板及其制备方法,提高了胶合板的物理力学性能,降低了板材的生产成本,减少板材能源消耗。

Description

一种铝木复合多层功能板及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及功能板的制备技术领域,特别涉及一种铝木复合多层功能板及其制备方法。
背景技术
由于近年来世界范围内原木产量逐年减少,各国对原木出口的限制,以及市场对实木制品需求量的日益增大,导致了优质木材价格的上涨过快;且随着人民生活水平的不断提高,对木质材料需求量不断增加,并对其功能性提出了更多的要求。多层实木复合人造板是近几年新发展起来的一种新型胶合板,既具有实木板材美观自然的颜色纹理、温暖的宜人感,广泛应用于木地板、家具、建筑装饰材料中。但是,由于木质材料本身的缺陷:干缩湿胀、易于燃烧、防水性差、耐侯性差等缺陷缩小了其使用范围。
木质板材与金属铝箔是两种性质截然不同的材料,线性热膨胀系数相差近4倍,热压制备时要考虑两者的收缩膨胀率,采用具有韧性的胶粘剂,控制热压温度在较低的范围内,防止热压结束后因为材料收缩产生较大的内应力,造成胶接失败、胶接强度低和复合材料变形。传统的金属贴面板材采用的胶粘剂价格昂贵、材料表面处理和热压复合工艺复杂,能量消耗高;冷压周期长,生产效率低,设备投入大,导致铝木复合多层功能板材价格较高,使其推广应用受到限制。
发明内容
本发明提供一种铝木复合多层功能板及其制备方法,可以解决现有技术中的上述问题。
本发明提供了一种铝木复合多层功能板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
一种铝木复合多层功能板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将厚度为9mm±0.5mm的中密度纤维板的上下表面均用120#的干磨砂纸打磨,用脱脂棉纱擦拭,风净;
S2、将两块厚度均为3mm±0.5mm的旋切木质单板的单面用120#的干磨砂纸打磨后,用脱脂棉纱擦拭,风净;
S3、将两块厚度均为0.2mm的铝箔的上下表面均用180#的水磨砂纸打磨,然后用脱脂液脱脂,纯净水冲洗,在40~50℃对流空气下干燥;
S4、胶粘剂的制作
分别称取固体含量为48%、粘度为100mPa.s、pH值为8.9的酚醛树脂,固体含量为43%、pH值为6.1的聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液和纯净水,质量份比为4:3:2;
在聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液中加入纯净水,搅拌直至乳液完全分散均匀,得到稀释的聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液;
在稀释的聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液中缓慢加入酚醛树脂,随着酚醛树脂的加入混合物的粘度增大,逐渐增大搅拌速度,直至酚醛树脂分散均匀,停止搅拌,获得混合物A;
加入混合物A质量2%的KH-550偶联剂,并搅拌均匀;
在真空下进行静止消泡;
制作好的胶粘剂在2小时内完成涂胶;
S5、采用滚涂式涂胶机对两块铝箔、中密度纤维板和两块旋切木质单板的打磨面分别涂胶粘剂,单面施胶量为200g/m2
S6、将打磨面上的胶粘剂在40~50℃对流空气下干燥至胶粘剂成透明状;
S7、按照旋切木质单板、铝箔、中密度纤维板、铝箔和旋切木质单板的顺序进行组坯;
S8、组坯好的板坯,在压力为0.2MPa的冷压机中预压5分钟,使板坯结构密实,排除板坯中的残留空气;
S9、预压后的板坯放入热压机进行热压,热压参数为热压温度为130~140℃,热压时间为9~15min,热压压力为0.8~1.0MPa;
S10、热压结束后,从热压机中取出板材,自然降温至室温;
S11、修整板材表面和边缘,检测入库。
所述步骤S1、S2和S3中打磨均使用带式砂纸打磨机。
所述步骤S3中使用打磨使用水磨砂光机。
所述步骤S3中烘干采用电热恒温鼓风干燥箱。
所述步骤S4中的搅拌使用无极变速定时电动搅拌器。
所述步骤S5中涂胶采用全自动单双面滚筒式涂胶机。
一种铝木复合多层功能板,由上述的方法制备而成。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:
本发明采用韧性树脂聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液改性酚醛树脂作为胶粘剂,采用简单机械打磨、脱脂水净的木质旋切单板与铝箔表面处理方法,冷压预压和热压快出相结合的热压工艺,快速制备铝木复合多层功能板的制备方法,提高和改善木质胶合板板材性能,赋予板材新功能,降低板材生产成本,减少板材能源消耗,推动木质板材与金属板材复合人造技术的发展。本发明以旋切木质单板为表层板材,中密度纤维板为基层板材,铝箔为功能板材,铝箔位于表底面旋切木质单板下,创新性热压制备铝木复合多层功能板材,热压制备方法不仅提高了复合板材的物理力学性能,克服了实木板材翘曲变形、虫蛀霉变等缺陷,还赋予铝木复合多层功能板较强的防火阻燃、电磁屏蔽、隔水防潮等新特性,是木质人造板的精深加工、高附加值产品,推动多层实木复合人造板的研究与发展。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备的一种铝木复合多层功能板的结构示意图。
附图标记说明:
1-旋切木质单板,2-铝箔,3-中密度纤维板。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图,对本发明的一个具体实施方式进行详细描述,但应当理解本发明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。
实施例一
如图1所示,一种铝木复合多层功能板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将厚度为9mm的中密度纤维板的上下表面均用120#的干磨砂纸打磨,用脱脂棉纱擦拭,风净;
S2、将两块厚度均为3mm的旋切木质单板的单面用120#的干磨砂纸打磨后,用脱脂棉纱擦拭,风净;
S3、将两块厚度均为0.2mm的铝箔的上下表面均用180#的水磨砂纸打磨,然后用脱脂液脱脂,纯净水冲洗,在50℃对流空气下干燥;
S4、胶粘剂的制作
分别称取固体含量为48%,粘度为100mPa.s,pH值为8.9的酚醛树脂、固体含量为43%,pH值为6.1的聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液和纯净水,质量份比为4:3:2;
在聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液中加入纯净水,搅拌直至乳液完全分散均匀,得到稀释的聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液;
在稀释的聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液中缓慢加入酚醛树脂,随着酚醛树脂的加入混合物的粘度增大,逐渐增大搅拌速度,直至酚醛树脂分散均匀,停止搅拌,获得混合物A;
加入混合物A质量2%的KH-550偶联剂,并搅拌均匀;
在真空下进行静止消泡;
制作好的胶粘剂在2小时内完成涂胶;
S5、采用滚涂式涂胶机对两块铝箔、中密度纤维板和两块旋切木质单板的打磨面分别涂胶粘剂,单面施胶量为200g/m2
S6、将打磨面上的胶粘剂在50℃对流空气下干燥至胶粘剂成透明状;
S7、按照旋切木质单板、铝箔、中密度纤维板、铝箔和旋切木质单板的顺序进行组坯;
S8、组坯好的板坯,在压力为0.2MPa的冷压机中预压5分钟,使板坯结构密实,排除板坯中的残留空气;
S9、预压后的板坯放入热压机进行热压,热压参数为热压温度为140℃,热压时间为9min,热压压力为1.0MPa;
S10、热压结束后,从热压机中取出板材,自然降温至室温;
S11、修整板材表面和边缘,检测入库。
实施例二
一种铝木复合多层功能板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将厚度为9mm的中密度纤维板的上下表面均用120#的干磨砂纸打磨,用脱脂棉纱擦拭,风净;
S2、将两块厚度均为3mm的旋切木质单板的单面用120#的干磨砂纸打磨后,用脱脂棉纱擦拭,风净;
S3、将两块厚度均为0.2mm的铝箔的上下表面均用180#的水磨砂纸打磨,然后用脱脂液脱脂,纯净水冲洗,在40~50℃对流空气下干燥;
S4、胶粘剂的制作
分别称取固体含量为48%,粘度为100mPa.s,pH值为8.9的酚醛树脂、固体含量为43%,pH值为6.1的聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液和纯净水,质量份比为4:3:2;
在聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液中加入纯净水,搅拌直至乳液完全分散均匀,得到稀释的聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液;
在稀释的聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液中缓慢加入酚醛树脂,随着酚醛树脂的加入混合物的粘度增大,逐渐增大搅拌速度,直至酚醛树脂分散均匀,停止搅拌,获得混合物A;
加入混合物A质量2%的KH-550偶联剂,并搅拌均匀;
在真空下进行静止消泡;
制作好的胶粘剂在2小时内完成涂胶;
S5、采用滚涂式涂胶机对两块铝箔、中密度纤维板和两块旋切木质单板的打磨面分别涂胶粘剂,单面施胶量为200g/m2
S6、将打磨面上的胶粘剂在40~50℃对流空气下干燥至胶粘剂成透明状;
S7、按照旋切木质单板、铝箔、中密度纤维板、铝箔和旋切木质单板的顺序进行组坯;
S8、组坯好的板坯,在压力为0.2MPa的冷压机中预压5分钟,使板坯结构密实,排除板坯中的残留空气;
S9、预压后的板坯放入热压机进行热压,热压参数为热压温度为130℃,热压时间为15min,热压压力为0.8MPa。
S10、热压结束后,从热压机中取出板材,自然降温至室温;
S11、修整板材表面和边缘,检测入库。
中密度纤维板是以木质纤维或其他植物纤维为原料,经打碎、纤维分离、干燥后施加脲醛树脂或其他适用的胶粘剂,再经热压后制成的一种人造板材。其密度一般在500-880kg/m3范围,厚度一般为5-30mm。
本发明采用韧性树脂聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液改性酚醛树脂作为胶粘剂,采用简单机械打磨、脱脂水净的表面处理方法,冷压预压和热压快出相结合的热压工艺,快速制备铝木复合多层功能板的制备方法,提高和改善木质胶合板板材性能,赋予板材新功能,降低板材生产成本,减少板材能源消耗,推动木质板材与金属板材复合人造技术的发展。
本发明以旋切木质单板为表层板材,中密度纤维板为基层板材,铝箔为功能板材,铝箔位于表底面旋切木质单板下,创新性热压制备铝木复合多层功能板材,热压制备方法不仅提高了复合板材的物理力学性能,克服了实木板材翘曲变形、虫蛀霉变等缺陷,还赋予铝木复合多层功能板较强的防火阻燃、电磁屏蔽、隔水防潮等新特性,是木质人造板的精深加工、高附加值产品,推动多层实木复合人造板的研究与发展。
以上公开的仅为本发明的几个具体实施例,但是,本发明实施例并非局限于此,任何本领域的技术人员能思之的变化都应落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (4)

1.一种铝木复合多层功能板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、将厚度为9mm±0.5mm的中密度纤维板的上下表面均用120#的干磨砂纸打磨,用脱脂棉纱擦拭,风净;
S2、将两块厚度均为3mm±0.5mm的旋切木质单板的单面用120#的干磨砂纸打磨后,用脱脂棉纱擦拭,风净;
S3、将两块厚度均为0.2mm的铝箔的上下表面均用180#的水磨砂纸打磨,然后用脱脂液脱脂,纯净水冲洗,在40~50℃对流空气下干燥;
S4、胶粘剂的制作
分别称取固体含量为48%、粘度为100mPa.s、pH值为8.9的酚醛树脂,固体含量为43%、pH值为6.1的聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液和纯净水,质量份比为4:3:2;
在聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液中加入纯净水,搅拌直至乳液完全分散均匀,得到稀释的聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液;
在稀释的聚乙酸乙烯酯乳液中缓慢加入酚醛树脂,随着酚醛树脂的加入混合物的粘度增大,逐渐增大搅拌速度,直至酚醛树脂分散均匀,停止搅拌,获得混合物A;
加入混合物A质量2%的KH-550偶联剂,并搅拌均匀;
在真空下进行静止消泡;
制作好的胶粘剂在2小时内完成涂胶;
S5、采用滚涂式涂胶机对两块铝箔、中密度纤维板和两块旋切木质单板的打磨面分别涂胶粘剂,单面施胶量为200g/m2
S6、将打磨面上的胶粘剂在40~50℃对流空气下干燥至胶粘剂成透明状;
S7、按照旋切木质单板、铝箔、中密度纤维板、铝箔和旋切木质单板的顺序进行组坯;
S8、组坯好的板坯,在压力为0.2MPa的冷压机中预压5分钟,使板坯结构密实,排除板坯中的残留空气;
S9、预压后的板坯放入热压机进行热压,热压参数为:热压温度为130~140℃,热压时间为9~15min,热压压力为0.8~1.0MPa;
S10、热压结束后,从热压机中取出板材,自然降温至室温;
S11、修整板材表面和边缘,检测入库;
所述步骤S1、S2中打磨均使用带式打磨机;
所述步骤S3中打磨使用水磨砂光机;
所述步骤S3中烘干采用电热恒温鼓风干燥箱。
2.如权利要求1所述的铝木复合多层功能板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S4中的搅拌使用无极变速定时电动搅拌器。
3.如权利要求1所述的铝木复合多层功能板的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S5中涂胶采用全自动单双面滚筒式涂胶机。
4.一种铝木复合多层功能板,其特征在于:由权利要求1~3任一权利要求所述的方法制备而成。
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