CN108854987B - 一种废水中碘离子吸附材料的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
一种废水中碘离子吸附材料的制备方法及应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种废水中碘离子吸附材料的制备方法及应用,属于环境保护中污水净化处理技术领域。使用简单液相法一步原位生成包覆氧化亚铜壳聚糖微球吸附剂。以戊二醛和环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,选用葡萄糖、硫酸铜制备分散相,壳聚糖为单体溶于冰乙酸中。加热搅拌混合促进交联。过滤、洗涤、冷冻和真空干燥后得包覆氧化亚铜壳聚糖微球。采用该方法制备而得的包覆氧化亚铜壳聚糖微球对碘离子有良好的吸附性能和选择性。本发明具有原材料价格低廉、吸附效率高、吸附容量大、工艺简单、吸附成本可控且可大规模应用于生产等特点,是处理废水中碘离子的一种有效吸附剂。本发明为废水中碘离子的去除提供了新技术参考。
Description
技术领域
本发明公开了一种废水中碘离子吸附材料的制备方法,属于环境保护中污水净化处理技术领域。
背景技术
核能发电、放射性医疗等技术的发展在造福人类的同时也不可避免的产生着大量的放射性废液。碘-129/131作为放射性废水中的主要元素,具有比放射性大、裂变产额高、半衰期长、射线能量高等特点,对人体和环境危害较大。因此,去除废水中放射性碘是科研工作者的研究热点之一。
目前,水中碘处理方法主要有化学沉淀法、离子交换法、吸附法、膜分离法、生物处理法等。离子交换树脂法适用于从低浓度的原料液中提碘,而且吸附剂的选择性好,但是吸附剂容易受到原料液中其他杂质干扰,过程较为繁琐。碘化铜法则工艺相对复杂,回收效率不高。吸附法具备工艺简单、吸附容量大、选择性高且痕量处理能力强等特点,目前已成为最具有竞争力的方法。
本发明通过简单液相法一步原位生成包覆氧化亚铜壳聚糖微球吸附剂,将其用于含痕量碘离子水中进行吸附。根据同位素元素离子性质相近,本发明选择碘-127来代替放射性碘-129/131进行实验,降低对实验人员及环境的危害。本发明结合氧化亚铜和壳聚糖的碘吸附特性,较传统吸附剂提高了碘吸附容量及选择性。为废水中碘离子的清除提供了技术参考。
发明内容
本发明针对目前吸附材料成本大、吸附容量小、制备工艺复杂等缺点,提供了一种去除废水中碘离子的方法。本发明具有原材料价格低廉、吸附效率高、吸附容量大、工艺简单、吸附成本可控且可大规模应用于生产等特点。
本发明的技术方案:
一种废水中碘离子吸附材料的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)配制壳聚糖的醋酸溶液,搅拌静置过夜,控制壳聚糖的质量体积浓度为1-2%;五水硫酸铜和葡萄糖粉末按摩尔比1:2溶于去离子水中,五水硫酸铜的浓度为4-6mol/L;室温下,在搅拌条件下,向混合溶液中滴加壳聚糖的醋酸溶液,搅拌3-5h至溶液分散均匀,得混合物;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合物中pH调节为10,于50-60℃水浴中搅拌反应;当反应体系完全变为砖红色,加入过量交联剂戊二醛或环氧氯丙烷,交联2-6h;
(3)过滤收集步骤(2)所得产物,用稀醋酸中和过量氢氧化钠溶液,去离子水水洗至中性,经冷冻和真空干燥至恒重,研磨成粉末收集,即得包覆氧化亚铜壳聚糖微球吸附剂。
所述的溶剂均为去离子水。
采用本发明方法得到的包覆氧化亚铜壳聚糖微球对碘离子进行吸附:
(1)碘离子吸附过程:
分别称取5份0.1g上述制备的吸附剂加入到100mL碘离子水溶液中于恒温振荡器中,恒温振荡下进行吸附操作。每隔一定时间测定分析水相中残余碘离子浓度直至平衡。
采用下式计算吸附量(Qe)
式中Qe为平衡时氧化亚铜壳聚糖微球的碘吸附量(mmol·g-1);Co和Ce分别为水相中碘离子的初始浓度(mmol·L-1)和平衡时浓度(mmol·L-1);m为所加吸附剂质量(g);V为液相体积(L)。
本发明的有益效果:本发明提出了一种采用包覆氧化亚铜壳聚糖微球吸附处理含有碘离子废水的方法,选择戊二醛和环氧氯丙烷为壳聚糖交联剂,以葡萄糖一步原位还原得到氧化亚铜,并包裹于交联壳聚糖中,得到具有高比表面积的包覆氧化亚铜壳聚糖微球,将其用于碘吸附。与传统碘离子处理方法相比,本发明选取的壳聚糖、葡萄糖等材料来源广泛,且安全无毒;吸附剂制备过程简单,易于操作;利用壳聚糖氨基的酸性质子化易与碘离子产生电荷作用,以及氧化亚铜与碘离子强的沉淀结合作用的特点,对碘离子具有较高吸附容量,且选择性较好。
附图说明
图1是本发明的废水中碘离子吸附材料的电镜图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实例来说明本发明,但应明白,这些实例仅用于说明本发明而不构成对本发明范围的限制。
一种包覆氧化亚铜壳聚糖微球交吸附材料制备方法,步骤如下:
使用简单液相法一步原位生成包覆氧化亚铜壳聚糖微球吸附剂。以戊二醛和环氧氯丙烷为交联剂,交联葡萄糖、硫酸铜、壳聚糖混合物,经过滤、洗涤、冷冻真空干燥后得到包覆氧化亚铜壳聚糖微球。
具体步骤如下:
(1)将2g粉末状的壳聚糖加入100mL质量浓度为2%的乙酸溶液中,搅拌使壳聚糖充分溶解;
(2)准确称取0.02mol五水硫酸铜和0.04mol葡萄糖粉末溶于50mL去离子水中,室温下搅拌均匀。
(3)在步骤(2)溶液搅拌过程中滴加32mL步骤(1)的壳聚糖醋酸溶液,搅拌3h至溶液分散均匀,将溶液移入圆底烧瓶。向混合溶液中滴加1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液调节pH为10,于50℃水浴中搅拌反应。当反应体系完全变为砖红色时加入交联剂戊二醛或环氧氯丙烷,交联反应3h。
(4)过滤收集步骤(3)产物,用0.1%体积浓度稀醋酸中和过量氢氧化钠溶液,去离子水水洗至中性,经冷冻后置于60℃真空干燥箱干燥24-48h,研磨成粉末收集,即得包覆氧化亚铜壳聚糖微球吸附剂。
以下用3个具体实验详细说明本发明:
(1)准确称取0.1g上述环氧氯丙烷交联剂制备的包覆氧化亚铜壳聚糖微球,加入100mL碘离子浓度为0.05mmol/L水溶液中,25℃下振荡30min,8000rpm离心分离10分钟,测其上清液碘离子浓度,利用上述公式算出吸附量为0.045mmol/g,去除效果达到95%以上,且处理后废水达到地表水环境质量二级标准。
(2)准确称取0.1g上述环氧氯丙烷交联剂制备的包覆氧化亚铜壳聚糖微球,加入100mL碘离子浓度为0.05mmol/L,氯离子浓度为0.25mmol/L混合水溶液中,25℃下振荡30min,8000rpm离心分离10分钟,测其上清液碘离子浓度,利用上述公式算出吸附量为0.041mmol/g,,去除效果达到90%以上,且处理后废水达到地表水环境质量二级标准。
(3)准确称取0.1g上述戊二醛交联剂制备的包覆氧化亚铜壳聚糖微球,加入100mL碘离子浓度为0.05mmol/L,25℃下振荡30min,8000rpm离心分离10分钟,测其上清液碘离子浓度,利用上述公式算出吸附量为0.046mmol/g,去除效果达到95%以上,且处理后废水达到地表水环境质量二级标准。
Claims (2)
1.一种废水中碘离子吸附材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
(1)配制壳聚糖的醋酸溶液,搅拌静置过夜,控制壳聚糖的质量体积浓度为1-2%;五水硫酸铜和葡萄糖粉末按摩尔比1:2溶于去离子水中,五水硫酸铜的浓度为4-6mol/L;室温下,在搅拌条件下,向混合溶液中滴加壳聚糖的醋酸溶液,搅拌3-5 h至溶液分散均匀,得混合物;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的混合物中pH调节为10,于50-60 ℃水浴中搅拌反应;当反应体系完全变为砖红色,加入过量交联剂戊二醛或环氧氯丙烷,交联2-6 h;
(3)过滤收集步骤(2)所得产物,用稀醋酸中和过量氢氧化钠溶液,去离子水水洗至中性,经冷冻和真空干燥至恒重,研磨成粉末收集,即得包覆氧化亚铜壳聚糖微球吸附剂。
2.一种采用如权利要求1所述的制备方法得到包覆氧化亚铜壳聚糖微球对碘离子进行吸附的应用。
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