CN108834724A - A kind of quick building techniques method in clone tea place - Google Patents
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- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 title abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 58
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 16
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 9
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019225 fermented tea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/04—Machines for making or covering holes for sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protection of plants
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- A01G13/32—Mats; Nets; Sheets or films
- A01G13/33—Sheets or films
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Abstract
本发明属于茶园快速建园技术领域，具体公开了一种无性系茶园快速建园技术方法，包含茶苗假植、建园整地、开挖种植带、种植带覆膜及茶苗起圃种植的步骤；避免了干旱年份茶苗旱死造成的经济损失，节省了茶苗栽植费用；此外，建成的无性系茶园，具有茶苗采光好，缝隙通透，空气流通通常，茶苗生长快速，营养充分的优点，且所得茶叶色泽及茶叶品质俱佳。The invention belongs to the technical field of rapid construction of tea gardens, and specifically discloses a technical method for rapid construction of tea gardens with clones, which includes artificial planting of tea seedlings, garden construction and site preparation, excavation of planting belts, film covering of planting belts, and planting of tea seedlings. steps; to avoid the economic loss caused by the death of tea seedlings in drought years, and to save the cost of planting tea seedlings; in addition, the completed clone tea garden has the characteristics of good lighting for tea seedlings, transparent gaps, normal air circulation, rapid growth of tea seedlings, and high nutrition. It has sufficient advantages, and the color and quality of the obtained tea leaves are excellent.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于茶园快速建园技术领域，具体涉及一种无性系茶园建园的技术方案，尤其涉及一种无性系茶园快速建园技术方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of rapid construction of tea gardens, and in particular relates to a technical scheme for construction of a clone tea garden, in particular to a technical method for rapid construction of a clone tea garden.
背景技术Background technique
无性系茶园具有投产快，生长势一致，能较好保持品种特性等优点，近年来在茶叶产业发展过程中普遍以建设无性性茶园为目标。Clonal tea gardens have the advantages of fast production, consistent growth, and better maintenance of variety characteristics. In recent years, the development of the tea industry has generally aimed to build asexual tea gardens.
现有技术在建设茶园过程中，由于存在技术缺陷，以致茶苗栽植后，在遭遇低温或干旱气候时，多数茶苗被冻死或旱死，不仅造成经济损失，也浪费了人力物力。此外，建成的茶园，由于种植带规格不合理或苗木栽植不合理，使得茶苗采光较差，生长缓慢，营养缺乏，茶叶色泽暗淡，口感欠佳。In the prior art, due to technical defects in the process of constructing tea gardens, most of the tea seedlings were frozen to death or died of drought when the tea seedlings were planted and encountered low temperature or drought, which not only caused economic losses, but also wasted manpower and material resources. In addition, due to unreasonable planting belt specifications or unreasonable seedling planting in the completed tea gardens, the tea seedlings have poor lighting, slow growth, lack of nutrition, dark tea color and poor taste.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供一种无性系茶园快速建园技术方法，通过本发明的技术方案建成的无性系茶园，具有茶苗采光好，缝隙合理，空气流通通常，茶苗生长快速，营养充分，所得茶叶色泽鲜亮，饮用后口感舒适。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a technical method for quickly building a clone tea garden. The clone tea garden built by the technical solution of the present invention has the advantages of good lighting for tea seedlings, reasonable gaps, normal air circulation, rapid growth of tea seedlings, and sufficient nutrition. The obtained tea leaves are bright in color and pleasant in taste after drinking.
为达到上述目的，本发明技术方案如下：To achieve the above object, the technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
一种无性系茶园快速建园技术方法，其特征在于：包含以下步骤：A technical method for quickly building a clone tea garden, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
（1）茶苗假植：茶苗假植时间为当年10月中旬至11月上旬，假植时要求土壤足墒，假植后在茶苗上覆盖一层植物秸秆或搭盖遮阳网；(1) False planting of tea seedlings: The time for false planting of tea seedlings is from mid-October to early November of that year. The soil should be sufficiently moist during the false planting. After the false planting, a layer of plant straw or a sunshade net should be covered on the tea seedlings;
（2）建园整地：清除田间杂草，深耕土地，平整地面，时间为当年11月至第二年3月底之间；(2) Gardening and land preparation: remove weeds in the field, plow the land deeply, and level the ground. The time is between November of the current year and the end of March of the next year;
（3）开挖种植带：选择坡度小于5度或水平梯地的种植地，按1.5m中心距离开挖种植带，种植带的规格为宽70cm，深60cm，种植带挖好后，将地表熟土回填，回填20cm后，施用基肥，基肥施用后再回填土壤，调整种植带高度，使其高于空带6~10cm；(3) Excavate the planting belt: choose a planting site with a slope of less than 5 degrees or a horizontal terrace, and excavate the planting belt at a center distance of 1.5m. The specification of the planting belt is 70cm wide and 60cm deep. Backfill with mellow soil, after backfilling 20cm, apply base fertilizer, and then backfill the soil after applying base fertilizer, adjust the height of the planting zone to make it 6~10cm higher than the empty zone;
（4）种植带覆膜：在自然降水量达到20mm以上或土壤含水量在18%~20%之间，对种植带覆膜；(4) Filming of the planting belt: When the natural precipitation reaches 20 mm or more or the soil moisture content is between 18% and 20%, the planting belt is covered with film;
（5）茶苗起圃种植：种植带覆膜后，将假植的茶苗起圃种植，种植方法为：种植带内双行栽植，行距为30cm，株距为25cm，每穴栽茶苗2株。(5) Tea seedling planting: After the planting belt is covered with film, the fake tea seedlings are planted in the nursery. The planting method is: double-row planting in the planting belt, the row spacing is 30cm, the plant spacing is 25cm, and 2 tea seedlings are planted in each hole. strain.
优选地，所述步骤（1）中，茶苗假植后，可延缓至第二年4月中旬起苗。Preferably, in the step (1), after the tea seedlings are artificially planted, the seedling emergence can be delayed until mid-April of the next year.
优选地，所述步骤（3）中，施用基肥的方法为：每亩3000公斤农家肥或每亩300公斤饼肥和300公斤磷肥。Preferably, in the step (3), the method of applying base fertilizer is: 3000 kg of farmyard manure per mu or 300 kg of cake fertilizer and 300 kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu.
本发明对茶苗进行假植，假植时对苗木的根系造成损伤，这能避免第二年春季苗木快速生长吸收水分，以致遇到干旱年份茶苗易旱死的情况。In the present invention, the tea seedlings are artificially planted, and the root system of the seedlings is damaged during the false planting, which can prevent the seedlings from quickly growing and absorbing water in the spring of the second year, so that the tea seedlings are prone to drought and die in a drought year.
本发明对种植带进行覆膜，在未降水的情况下，可以保证茶苗正常生长2个月以上。The invention covers the planting belt with film, and can ensure the normal growth of tea seedlings for more than 2 months under the condition of no precipitation.
本发明有益效果：本发明所述的无性系茶园快速建园技术方法，通过茶苗假植有效避免了干旱年份茶苗旱死及带来的经济损失；种植带选择1.5m的中心距离，建成的茶园采光较好，缝隙通透，空气流通通常，有利于茶苗快速生长，营养吸收充分；此外，种植带开挖后，将熟土回填20cm后，在施肥，并且使种植带高于空带6~10cm，这不仅有利于茶苗的营养吸收，且可有效保持土壤营养及湿度，可帮助幼年的茶苗适应生长环境，提高成活率，保证茶苗健康快速生长;Beneficial effects of the present invention: the technical method for quickly building a clone tea garden according to the present invention can effectively avoid the death of tea seedlings in drought years and the economic loss caused by false planting of tea seedlings; The tea garden has good lighting, clear gaps and normal air circulation, which is conducive to the rapid growth of tea seedlings and sufficient nutrient absorption; in addition, after the excavation of the planting belt, backfill 20cm of mellow soil before fertilizing, and make the planting belt higher than the empty space. 6~10cm, which is not only conducive to the nutrient absorption of tea seedlings, but also can effectively maintain soil nutrition and humidity, which can help young tea seedlings adapt to the growth environment, improve the survival rate, and ensure the healthy and rapid growth of tea seedlings;
本发明技术建成的无性系茶园所得所得茶叶色泽及茶叶品质俱佳。The color and luster of the tea obtained from the clone tea garden built by the technology of the present invention and the quality of the tea are all good.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面通过具体实施例，进一步说明本发明技术方案。The technical solutions of the present invention are further described below through specific examples.
实施例1Example 1
一种无性系茶园快速建园技术方法，包含以下步骤：A kind of technical method for quickly building gardens of clone tea gardens, comprising the following steps:
（1）茶苗假植：茶苗假植时间为当年10月中旬至11月上旬，假植时要求土壤足墒，假植后在茶苗上覆盖一层植物秸秆或搭盖遮阳网；(1) False planting of tea seedlings: The time for false planting of tea seedlings is from mid-October to early November of that year. The soil should be sufficiently moist during the false planting. After the false planting, a layer of plant straw or a sunshade net should be covered on the tea seedlings;
（2）建园整地：清除田间杂草，深耕土地，平整地面，时间为当年11月至第二年3月底之间；(2) Gardening and land preparation: remove weeds in the field, plow the land deeply, and level the ground. The time is between November of the current year and the end of March of the next year;
（3）开挖种植带：选择坡度小于5度或水平梯地的种植地，按1.5m中心距离开挖种植带，种植带的规格为宽70cm，深60cm，种植带挖好后，将地表熟土回填，回填20cm后，每亩3000公斤农家肥，基肥施用后再回填土壤，调整种植带高度，使其高于空带6cm；(3) Excavate the planting belt: choose a planting site with a slope of less than 5 degrees or a horizontal terrace, and excavate the planting belt at a center distance of 1.5m. The specification of the planting belt is 70cm wide and 60cm deep. Backfill with mellow soil, after backfilling 20cm, add 3000 kg of farmyard manure per mu, backfill the soil after applying the base fertilizer, adjust the height of the planting zone to make it 6cm higher than the empty zone;
（4）种植带覆膜：在自然降水量达到20mm以上或土壤含水量在18%~20%之间，对种植带覆膜；(4) Mulching of the planting belt: When the natural precipitation reaches more than 20mm or the soil moisture content is between 18% and 20%, the planting belt is covered with film;
（5）茶苗起圃种植：种植带覆膜后，将假植的茶苗起圃种植，种植方法为：种植带内双行栽植，行距为30cm，株距为25cm，每穴栽茶苗2株；(5) Tea seedling planting: After the planting belt is covered with film, the fake tea seedlings are planted in the nursery. The planting method is: double-row planting in the planting belt, the row spacing is 30cm, the plant spacing is 25cm, and 2 tea seedlings are planted in each hole. strain;
上述技术建成的无性系茶园采光较好，缝隙通透，空气流通通常，有利于茶苗快速生长，营养吸收充分，且土壤保湿性好，有利于茶苗存活，减少经济损失，所得茶叶品质俱佳。The clone tea garden built by the above-mentioned technology has good lighting, transparent gaps and normal air circulation, which is conducive to the rapid growth of tea seedlings, sufficient nutrient absorption, and good soil moisture retention, which is conducive to the survival of tea seedlings and reduces economic losses. The quality of the obtained tea leaves is excellent. good.
实施例2Example 2
一种无性系茶园快速建园技术方法，包含以下步骤：A kind of technical method for quickly building gardens of clone tea gardens, comprising the following steps:
（1）茶苗假植：茶苗假植时间为当年10月中旬至11月上旬，假植时要求土壤足墒，假植后在茶苗上覆盖一层植物秸秆或搭盖遮阳网；(1) False planting of tea seedlings: The time for false planting of tea seedlings is from mid-October to early November of that year. The soil should be sufficiently moist during the false planting. After the false planting, a layer of plant straw or a sunshade net should be covered on the tea seedlings;
（2）建园整地：清除田间杂草，深耕土地，平整地面，时间为当年11月至第二年3月底之间；(2) Gardening and land preparation: remove weeds in the field, plow the land deeply, and level the ground. The time is between November of the current year and the end of March of the next year;
（3）开挖种植带：选择坡度小于5度或水平梯地的种植地，按1.5m中心距离开挖种植带，种植带的规格为宽70cm，深60cm，种植带挖好后，将地表熟土回填，回填20cm后，每亩300公斤饼肥和300公斤磷肥，基肥施用后再回填土壤，调整种植带高度，使其高于空带10cm；(3) Excavate the planting belt: choose a planting site with a slope of less than 5 degrees or a horizontal terrace, and excavate the planting belt at a center distance of 1.5m. The specification of the planting belt is 70cm wide and 60cm deep. Backfill with mellow soil, after backfilling 20cm, add 300kg of cake fertilizer and 300kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu, backfill the soil after applying the base fertilizer, and adjust the height of the planting zone to make it 10cm higher than the empty zone;
（4）种植带覆膜：在自然降水量达到20mm以上或土壤含水量在18%~20%之间，对种植带覆膜；(4) Filming of the planting belt: When the natural precipitation reaches 20 mm or more or the soil moisture content is between 18% and 20%, the planting belt is covered with film;
（5）茶苗起圃种植：种植带覆膜后，将假植的茶苗起圃种植，种植方法为：种植带内双行栽植，行距为30cm，株距为25cm，每穴栽茶苗2株；(5) Tea seedling planting: After the planting belt is covered with film, the fake tea seedlings are planted in the nursery. The planting method is: double-row planting in the planting belt, the row spacing is 30cm, the plant spacing is 25cm, and 2 tea seedlings are planted in each hole. strain;
根据上述技术方案建成的无性系茶园采光好，缝隙通透，空气流通通常，土壤保湿持久，茶苗生长快速且存活率较高。The clone tea garden built according to the above technical scheme has good lighting, transparent gaps, normal air circulation, long-lasting soil moisture retention, rapid growth of tea seedlings and high survival rate.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112005804A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-12-01 | 商洛市蚕果站 | Planting technology for improving survival rate of clonal tea seedlings in garden building |
| CN113875483A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-01-04 | 湘西自治州湘农大茶产业研究院 | Cultivation management method for young-age garden golden tea |
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| CN102144465A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-08-10 | 平利县女娲银峰茶叶有限公司 | Quick cultivation technique for building tea garden |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112005804A (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2020-12-01 | 商洛市蚕果站 | Planting technology for improving survival rate of clonal tea seedlings in garden building |
| CN113875483A (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2022-01-04 | 湘西自治州湘农大茶产业研究院 | Cultivation management method for young-age garden golden tea |
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