CN108807581A - 一种太阳能电池封装工艺 - Google Patents

一种太阳能电池封装工艺 Download PDF

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CN108807581A
CN108807581A CN201810371610.0A CN201810371610A CN108807581A CN 108807581 A CN108807581 A CN 108807581A CN 201810371610 A CN201810371610 A CN 201810371610A CN 108807581 A CN108807581 A CN 108807581A
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solar cell
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CN108807581B (zh
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易珊
胡鹏臣
萧吉宏
黄昭雄
曲铭浩
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Dongjun new energy Co.,Ltd.
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Miasole Equipment Integration Fujian Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种太阳能电池封装工艺,先将无背板的柔性光伏组件进行层压,之后再与曲面背板进行封装;由于层压时的柔性光伏组件无背板,可避免层压时压力不均造成背板破裂的问题,从而可提升生产良率;而且,柔性光伏组件去除原有复合背板,直接封装在曲面背板的凹槽内,不仅降低整个太阳能电池的负重,同时也大大降低封装成本。

Description

一种太阳能电池封装工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池加工领域,尤其涉及一种太阳能电池封装工艺。
背景技术
由于不可再生能源日益减少,光伏产品的应用因此变得越来越重要。目前的光伏产品通常为曲面外形,常规曲面封装工艺是以曲面玻璃封装材料为基材,通过应用高压釜对曲面进行层压。
该种封装方式由于压力不均在层压工序上易导致碎片,生产良率不高;另一种方式则是将含复合背板的完整柔性组件和产品曲面相贴合,作为外挂结构附加在产品上;该种方式不仅增加了产品负重而且由于背板的厚度限制了组件弯曲程度;同时,含复合背板的柔性组件封装成本较高,复合背板成本可占柔性封装成本的30%-50%。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种太阳能电池封装工艺,以解决现有技术中生产良率较低,且封装成本较高的问题。
本发明提供了一种太阳能电池封装工艺,所述太阳能电池封装工艺包括:
在曲面背板上开设凹槽;
将无背板的柔性光伏组件进行层压;
将层压后的柔性光伏组件封装至所述凹槽内。
一种可能的设计中,所述将无背板的柔性光伏组件进行层压,具体包括:
将透明柔性前板膜、第一封装胶膜、柔性芯片、第二封装胶膜、隔离保护层依次堆叠,并进行层压;
层压之后,将所述隔离保护层去除,形成所述柔性光伏组件。
一种可能的设计中,所述将层压后的柔性光伏组件封装至所述凹槽内,具体包括:
将所述柔性光伏组件中的透明柔性前板膜的边缘处的第一封装胶膜、柔性芯片、第二封装胶膜去除,形成预留区;
在所述预留区和/或凹槽内部设置底涂剂、密封胶;
使所述第二封装胶膜朝向所述凹槽内部,并将所述柔性光伏组件放入所述凹槽内并与所述凹槽粘合。
一种可能的设计中,所述将层压后的柔性光伏组件封装至所述凹槽内,具体包括:
所述柔性光伏组件中的透明柔性前板膜的面积大于第一封装胶膜、柔性芯片、第二封装胶膜的面积,且透明柔性前板膜的周缘与第一封装胶膜、柔性芯片、第二封装胶膜的周缘之间形成预留区;
在所述预留区和/或凹槽内部设置底涂剂、密封胶;
使所述第二封装胶膜朝向所述凹槽内部,并将所述柔性光伏组件放入所述凹槽内并与所述凹槽粘合。
一种可能的设计中,所述在所述预留区和/或凹槽内部设置底涂剂、密封胶之后,还包括:
通过加热装置对密封胶加热5-10s。
一种可能的设计中,将所述柔性光伏组件放入所述凹槽后,使所述透明柔性前板膜的外表面与所述曲面背板的表面平齐。
一种可能的设计中,所述凹槽的深度为1-2mm,所述底涂剂的厚度为100-200nm,所述密封胶的厚度为0.6-1.6mm。
一种可能的设计中,将层压后的柔性光伏组件封装至所述凹槽内之后,还包括:
通过柔性压板对所述柔性光伏组件进行压装定位。
一种可能的设计中,所述通过柔性压板对所述柔性光伏组件进行压装定位,具体包括:
将柔性压板与所述柔性光伏组件、所述曲面背板相贴;
将柔性压板与曲面背板固定连接预定时间;
将柔性压板拆下。
一种可能的设计中,所述柔性压板设置有连接机构和/或曲面背板上设置有连接机构,所述柔性压板与曲面背板通过连接机构实现连接。
一种可能的设计中,所述柔性压板与曲面背板上均设置有锁孔,通过螺丝穿过所述锁孔,使得所述柔性压板与曲面背板连接固定。
一种可能的设计中,所述柔性压板为弯曲背板,且所述弯曲背板的弯曲弧度与所述曲面背板的弯曲弧度相同。
本发明提供的太阳能电池封装工艺,先将无背板的柔性光伏组件进行层压,之后再与曲面背板进行封装;由于层压时的柔性光伏组件无背板,可避免层压时压力不均造成背板破裂的问题,从而可提升生产良率;而且,柔性光伏组件去除原有复合背板,直接封装在曲面背板的凹槽内,不仅降低整个太阳能电池的负重,同时也大大降低封装成本。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的太阳能电池封装工艺的流程示意图;
图2为本发明又一实施例提供的无背板的柔性光伏组件层压后的结构示意图;
图3为本发明又一实施例提供的无背板的柔性光伏组件上涂底涂剂后的结构示意图;
图4为本发明又一实施例提供的无背板的柔性光伏组件上涂密封胶后的结构示意图;
图5为本发明又一实施例提供的无背板的柔性光伏组件与曲面背板封装后的结构示意图;
图6为本发明实施例提供的曲面背板上设置柔性压板的结构示意图;
图7为图6的A-A剖视图。
附图标记说明:
1-柔性光伏组件,11-透明柔性前板膜,12-第一封装胶膜,13-柔性芯片,14-第二封装胶膜,15-隔离保护层,2-底涂剂,3-曲面背板,31-锁孔,
4-密封胶,5-柔性压板,6-螺丝。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例,所述实施例的示例在附图中示出,其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的,仅用于解释本发明,而不能解释为对本发明的限制。
实施例一
如图1所示,本发明实施例提供了一种太阳能电池封装工艺,所述太阳能电池封装工艺包括:
步骤1,在曲面背板3上开设凹槽;曲面背板3一般为民用背板,其材料可以是耐高温性能较差的材料;
步骤2,将无背板的柔性光伏组件1进行层压。
如图2所示为柔性光伏组件1的层压过程示意图,具体层压过程包括,将透明柔性前板膜11、第一封装胶膜12、柔性芯片13、第二封装胶膜14、隔离保护层15(隔离保护层15可以是高温布等结构)依次堆叠,并进行层压(可以选择通过平板层压机进行层压);层压之后,将所述隔离保护层15去除,形成层压后的柔性光伏组件1。由于层压时的柔性光伏组件1无背板,可避免层压时压力不均造成背板破裂的问题;所使用的设备为普通平板层压机,设备要求简单,不再使用传统曲面层压所需的高压釜设备,高压釜成本相比普通平板层压机更高,使用过程中的安全隐患大。
步骤3,将层压后的柔性光伏组件1封装至所述凹槽内,封装后的结构示意图如图5所示。
具体的,步骤3中将层压后的柔性光伏组件1封装至所述凹槽内时,可以通过以下方式实现,具体可参阅图3和图4所示:31)将所述柔性光伏组件1中的透明柔性前板膜11的边缘处的第一封装胶膜12、柔性芯片13、第二封装胶膜14去除,形成预留区。
32)在所述预留区和/或凹槽内部设置底涂剂2、密封胶4。
33)使所述第二封装胶膜14朝向所述凹槽内部,并将所述柔性光伏组件1放入所述凹槽内并与所述凹槽粘合。
一种可能的设计中,本发明另一实施例中,上述31)中形成预留区时还可以通过以下过程实现:
设置所述柔性光伏组件1中的透明柔性前板膜11的面积大于第一封装胶膜12、柔性芯片13、第二封装胶膜14的面积,即,在最初设置时,透明柔性前板膜11相比第一封装胶膜12、柔性芯片13、第二封装胶膜14,要大一圈,在透明柔性前板膜11的周缘与第一封装胶膜12、柔性芯片13、第二封装胶膜14的周缘之间形成空间,即为预留区。
需要说明的是,本实施例中,即,可以只在预留区或者凹槽内设置底涂剂2、密封胶4,也可以在预留区和凹槽内均设置底涂剂2、密封胶4,如在所述凹槽内部周缘设置底涂剂2,且在所述凹槽内底部设置耐UV压敏胶,耐UV压敏胶的作用是使透明柔性前板膜11和曲面背板3贴合更好,防止中间无粘接力导致曲面背板3中间弹起。一种可能的设计中,为保证密封胶4能够起到的效果更好,一般可通过加热装置对密封胶4加热5-10s,以使其充分发挥粘接作用,从而实现柔性光伏组件1放入凹槽内并与所述凹槽粘合。
一种可能的设计中,所述柔性光伏组件1放入所述凹槽后,使所述透明柔性前板膜11的外表面与所述曲面背板3的表面平齐。一种可能的设计中,所述凹槽的深度为1-2mm,所述底涂剂2的厚度为100-200nm,所述密封胶4的厚度为0.6-1.6mm;如此设置,柔性光伏组件1与凹槽配合严密;底涂剂2与密封胶4不至于过多而造成材料浪费。
步骤4,通过柔性压板5对所述柔性光伏组件1进行压装定位,压装后的结构示意图如图6和图7所示,具体压装过程包括:
41):将柔性压板5与所述柔性光伏组件1、所述曲面背板3相贴。
一种可能的设计中,所述柔性压板5设置有连接机构和/或曲面背板3上设置有连接机构,所述柔性压板5与曲面背板3通过连接机构实现连接;其实现方式有多种,如:所述柔性压板5与曲面背板3上均设置有锁孔31,通过螺丝6穿过所述锁孔31,使得所述柔性压板5与曲面背板3连接固定;还可以在柔性压板5与曲面背板3上设置挂钩,两个挂钩挂接,实现柔性压板5与曲面背板3的连接;还可以在柔性压板5与曲面背板3上设置铰链,从而实现连接;本实施例对连接机构具体形式不做限定,只要能实现柔性压板5与曲面背板3连接固定即可;
42)且将柔性压板5与曲面背板3固定连接预定时间。
43)将柔性压板5拆下。
其中,一种可能的设计中,所述柔性压板5为弯曲背板,且所述弯曲背板的弯曲弧度与所述曲面背板3的弯曲弧度相同。
本发明提供的太阳能电池封装工艺,先将无背板的柔性光伏组件1进行层压,之后再与曲面背板3进行封装;由于层压时的柔性光伏组件1无背板,可避免层压时压力不均造成背板破裂的问题,从而可提升生产良率;而且,柔性光伏组件1去除原有复合背板,直接封装在曲面背板3的凹槽内,不仅降低整个太阳能电池的负重,同时也大大降低封装成本。
实施例二
本发明实施例中,具体封装步骤如下:
如图1和图2所示,无背板的柔性光伏组件1,即无背板复合结构是将透明柔性前板膜11、封装胶膜、柔性芯片13、封装胶膜、特氟龙高温布依次堆叠进平板层压机层压;特氟龙高温布由于其耐高温、表面光滑、不易和封装胶膜粘结在一起,因此层压后特氟龙高温布可以和无背板复合结构轻松分离,完成无背板复合结构制作工序。特氟龙高温布的作用为防止最下层的封装胶膜在层压过程中溢出污染层压设备,导致设备存在不可逆的损害。层压出的无背板复合结构为柔性复合结构,芯片被封装在两层封装胶膜内。相较含背板的全组件结构柔性程度更高。
如图3和图4所示,待无背板复合结构冷却后,在复合结构的边缘预留出预留区,即在透明柔性前板膜11边缘涂一层100-200nm厚的底涂剂2,以增加透明柔性前板膜11和密封胶4的粘接力;
在民用曲面外壳(即曲面背板3)预留1-2mm深的凹槽,长宽尺寸和无背板复合结构的长宽一致,确保无背板复合结构可以刚好填满凹槽。在凹槽周围的曲面外壳上开8个螺丝6孔,为钢板固定用锁孔31;
同样,在凹槽的内边缘涂上一层100-200nm的底涂剂2,增加硬质的曲面背板3和密封胶4粘接力而防止水汽侵入,并在曲面背板3均匀贴上3条耐UV压敏胶;
待底涂剂2完全干燥后,在无背板复合结构的透明柔性前板膜11边缘涂0.6-1.6mm厚度的密封胶4,该类密封胶4无需热熔即可和底涂剂2、塑料高分子材料有很好的粘接能力,该类密封胶4材质可使用改性聚丙烯醚,改性丁基胶,环氧树脂等材料;
如图5所示,涂完密封胶45分钟内将无背板复合结构与曲面背板3相结合,由无背板复合结构中部向四周边缘轻轻排压将空气排出,将无背板复合结构和曲面背板3相贴合,由耐UV压敏胶固定贴合位置;如图6和图7所示,将同样设置锁孔31的柔性钢板(即柔性压板5)和曲面组件(包括封装的无背板复合结构与曲面背板3)相贴合,用螺丝6穿过锁孔31固定边缘8个点,使曲面背板3和柔性钢板夹紧固定无背板复合结构,放置室温下固化24小时待密封胶4固化后拧出螺丝6取下柔性钢板,即完成曲面封装。
本发明采用一种全新封装方式取代复合背板将柔性光伏组件1和民用曲面外壳完美结合一体化,将民用曲面外壳材料作为封装背板,从而实现一体化。背板封装材料不再仅限于耐高温材料,耐温性能差的聚合物背板同样适用于本发明。本专利实现封装成本降低,良率提升,并且实现在民用领域的广泛应用。所使用的设备为普通平板层压机,设备要求简单,不再使用传统曲面层压所需的高压釜设备,高压釜成本相比普通平板层压机更高,使用过程中的安全隐患大。
以上依据图式所示的实施例详细说明了本发明的构造、特征及作用效果,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,但本发明不以图面所示限定实施范围,凡是依照本发明的构想所作的改变,或修改为等同变化的等效实施例,仍未超出说明书与图示所涵盖的精神时,均应在本发明的保护范围内。

Claims (12)

1.一种太阳能电池封装工艺,其特征在于,所述太阳能电池封装工艺包括:
在曲面背板上开设凹槽;
将无背板的柔性光伏组件进行层压;
将层压后的柔性光伏组件封装至所述凹槽内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池封装工艺,其特征在于,所述将无背板的柔性光伏组件进行层压,具体包括:
将透明柔性前板膜、第一封装胶膜、柔性芯片、第二封装胶膜、隔离保护层依次堆叠,并进行层压;
将所述隔离保护层去除,形成层压之后的所述柔性光伏组件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的太阳能电池封装工艺,其特征在于,所述将层压后的柔性光伏组件封装至所述凹槽内,具体包括:
将所述柔性光伏组件中的透明柔性前板膜的边缘处的第一封装胶膜、柔性芯片、第二封装胶膜去除,形成预留区;
在所述预留区和/或凹槽内部设置底涂剂、密封胶;
使所述第二封装胶膜朝向所述凹槽内部,并将所述柔性光伏组件放入所述凹槽内并与所述凹槽粘合。
4.根据权利要求2所述的太阳能电池封装工艺,其特征在于,所述将层压后的柔性光伏组件封装至所述凹槽内,具体包括:
所述柔性光伏组件中的透明柔性前板膜的面积大于第一封装胶膜、柔性芯片、第二封装胶膜的面积,且透明柔性前板膜的周缘与第一封装胶膜、柔性芯片、第二封装胶膜的周缘之间形成预留区;
在所述预留区和/或凹槽内部设置底涂剂、密封胶;
使所述第二封装胶膜朝向所述凹槽内部,并将所述柔性光伏组件放入所述凹槽内并与所述凹槽粘合。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的太阳能电池封装工艺,其特征在于,所述在所述预留区和/或凹槽内部设置底涂剂、密封胶之后,还包括:
通过加热装置对所述密封胶加热5-10s。
6.根据权利要求3或4所述的太阳能电池封装工艺,其特征在于,将所述柔性光伏组件放入所述凹槽后,使所述透明柔性前板膜的外表面与所述曲面背板的表面平齐。
7.根据权利要求3或4所述的太阳能电池封装工艺,其特征在于,所述凹槽的深度为1-2mm,所述底涂剂的厚度为100-200nm,所述密封胶的厚度为0.6-1.6mm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的太阳能电池封装工艺,其特征在于,将层压后的柔性光伏组件封装至所述凹槽内之后,还包括:
通过柔性压板对所述柔性光伏组件进行压装定位。
9.根据权利要求8所述的太阳能电池封装工艺,其特征在于,所述通过柔性压板对所述柔性光伏组件进行压装定位,具体包括:
将所述柔性压板与所述柔性光伏组件、所述曲面背板相贴;
将所述柔性压板与所述曲面背板固定连接预定时间;
将所述柔性压板拆下。
10.根据权利要求9所述的太阳能电池封装工艺,其特征在于,所述柔性压板设置有连接机构和/或所述曲面背板上设置有连接机构,所述柔性压板与所述曲面背板通过所述连接机构实现连接。
11.根据权利要求10所述的太阳能电池封装工艺,其特征在于,所述柔性压板与所述曲面背板上均设置有锁孔,通过螺丝穿过所述锁孔,使得所述柔性压板与所述曲面背板连接固定。
12.根据权利要求8所述的太阳能电池封装工艺,其特征在于,所述柔性压板为弯曲背板,且所述弯曲背板的弯曲弧度与所述曲面背板的弯曲弧度相同。
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