CN1088045A - Breeding method of hybrid rice - Google Patents

Abstract

Breeding method of hybrid rice belongs to the culture technique of paddy rice.The present invention selects to have the season and the region production of hybrid seeds of weather conditions at suitable heading stage, at main fringe 7,8 phases control fringe rice blast, 8 phases of ear differentiation impose nitrogenous fertilizer, when regulating flower with N.P.B fertilizer and Fujione, scotch leaf according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings, use gibberellin flexibly and bloom preceding vibration female parent, and it is synchronous with loose powder by blooming, loose powder delay to bloom with male parent but seldom three kinds of situations decisions of loose powder catch up with the powder zero-time, interval and number of times, thereby improve the pollen availability, realize breeding, be a breeding technology for hybrid rice that is worthy of popularization, tangible economic benefit and social benefit are arranged.

Description

Breeding method of hybrid rice

Breeding method of hybrid rice belongs to crop cultivating technology.

China's breeding of hybrid rice vicennial course of having passed by, the seventies per mu yield is below 50 kilograms, promote autumn system the eighties and change spring and summer system, science is used gibberellin, technology such as directional cultivation, hybrid seed yield is significantly improved, the flat per mu yield in Hunan Province is 76.8 kilograms, permitted generation later on and felt that proposition " strong father increases mother " " first phase male parent " technical measures such as " club are caught up with powder " are to improve pollen density, again hybrid seed yield is brought up to 180 kilograms of the flat per mu yields of province, emerge the county of 250 kilograms of a collection of per mu yields and the mound piece of per mu yield 400kg, realized the super high-yielding production of hybrid seeds.But how stably making the hybrid rice hybrid seed yield reach per mu yield 400kg in large area, then is purpose of the present invention.

The technical scheme that realizes the object of the invention is:

Breeding method of hybrid rice comprises that changing the production of hybrid seeds in autumn is spring system, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, and fertilising is in good time used gibberellin and is caught up with powder, and the present invention also comprises following method:

1, select daily mean temperature between heading stage at 24～26 ℃, wind speed is little, humidity about 80%, and of that month sunshine duration reaches the season and the region production of hybrid seeds about 260, to improve the weather conditions at heading stage;

2, the extermination of disease and insect pest: prevent and treat leaf blast with strong chlorine oil, main 7 phases of fringe, 8 phases medication control fringe rice blast, milk ripe stage, suppress the multiple weak bacterial parasite of seed with the broad spectrum activity sterilizing insecticide;

3, manuring late: sword-like leave stretches out the back and five phases of ear differentiation imposes nitrogen, potash fertilizer, 8 phases of ear differentiation promptly ear before nitrogen fertilizer application again;

Regulate when 4, spending: nitrogen fertilizer application before the beginning fringe, beginning fringe to full heading time is executed phosphorus, potassium, boron fertilizer, is used in combination Fujione, shifts to an earlier date when making flower of female parent;

5, scotch leaf according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings: when the maternal effective fringe of seed farm surpasses 200,000/mu, scotch sword-like leave.

6, use gibberellin flexibly: according to weather, flower synchronization situation, regularity, father and mother susceptibility skilful use gibberellin originally;

7, bloom before vibration maternal, and situation is caught up with powder respectively: contain in male parent and spend preceding 1 hour and begin vibration maternal, during with flower ahead of time, improve stigma exposing ratio, male parent catches up with powder to handle by three kinds of situations;

(ⅰ) male parent bloom with loose powder synchronously-the loose powder zero-time rises to the mid point that reaches the peak suddenly in the amount of blooming, promptly the peak precontract is 30 minutes, 15 minutes once at interval;

(ⅱ) the male parent loose powder delay-degree that delays of Yi loose powder postpones, and can be pushed at the latest when male parent 10～20% grain husks are spent closure and carry out, and is spaced apart 30～40 fens kinds once;

(ⅲ) behind the rain, father and mother are originally bloomed synchronously, male parent not loose powder-stop rain vibrate simultaneously father and mother this, be spaced apart 15 minutes once.

Be described in further detail the present invention below.

Show according to meteorology record data high-yield seeds production, the weather conditions at heading stage are that fine daily mean temperature is at 24～26 ℃, wind speed is little, about relative moisture 80%, its reason is: the first, the male parent loose powder delays, the pollen rate of loosing outward improves greatly, and the pollination goodness of fit also improves, thereby improves the pollen availability greatly; The second, father's flower of female parent time difference dwindles; Three, be beneficial to the vigor that keeps column cap and pollen; Four, disease rate and split the shell rate and descend reduces the loss of after fertilization.Put down in writing according to the Hunan area climatological data, the number at sunshine in July is that the whole year is the highest by 261.2, but mean temperature of air is higher than 29 ℃, relative moisture is annual minimum, therefore the weather conditions at the heading stage of the spring system production of hybrid seeds show male parent and bloom synchronously fully with loose powder, so not only reduce the goodness of fit that loose powder and female parent are bloomed, and reduce timely pollen rate, and pollinia can not shed, and the field pollen density reduces greatly.But in height above sea level 600 * 700M mountain area and the less basin of wind speed, the July meteorological condition is suitable and stablize, can satisfy required temperature at heading stage, humidity and sunshine, thereby the stable high yield of the realization production of hybrid seeds.

80% relative moisture is utilized favourable to pollen, but night dew is heavy, easily send out rice blast, therefore except fringe phase beginning, full heading time medication control, should grasp at main 7 phases of fringe, 8 phases medication control fringe rice blast, at every turn with each 0.2 kilogram of Fujione or tricyclazole, also available Fujione and tricyclazole mix use for each 0.1 kilogram, strong chlorine oil 80 gram/mus are adopted in the control of leaf blast, prevent and treat banded sclerotial blight and will catch branch evil latter stage and booting stage, each every mu is used 0.2～0.25 kilogram of jinggangmycin, and the male parent row more will be executed more.In order to suppress multiple weak bacterial parasite such as sickle-like bacteria, the Alternaria etc. of seed, to reduce flat grain, milk ripe stage, also will be with the sterilizing insecticide of a broad spectrum activity, can accomplish like this when seed is gathered in the crops, two above greenery are still arranged, plant almost be can't see the vestige of disease worm harm, also can keep vigorous growth potential of later stage, improves the diffusing rate of stigma exposing ratio and pollen outward.

Outside the weather conditions rate of loosing improving pollen played a decisive role, manuring late also can improve the diffusing rate of pollen effectively outward.After sword-like leave stretched out, every mu of five phase of ear differentiation were executed 4～6 kilograms in urea, 3～4 kilograms in potassium chloride, and eight phases of ear differentiation are executed 3～4 kilograms in urea before promptly earing again; Executing the ear manuer fertilizers for potted flowers can make the rice strain be in vigorous physiological status, prevent early ageing, guarantee two above greenery harvest time, improve ripening rate, test is proof also, the later stage fertilising can increase flower pesticide, filigree length, thereby improve the diffusing rate of pollen effectively outward, stigma exposing ratio has also improved pollen quantity and quality.Test is also found to impose nitrogenous fertilizer at last, can do sth. in advance female parent and bloom and postpone male parent and bloom.

The hybrid rice production of hybrid seeds, general male parent is bloomed early than female parent, under especially low, the dry weather condition at temperature, also appear at male parent bloom be all over after female parent just begin to bloom, blooming time overslip seriously restricts the raising of output like this.The present invention regulates and has taked when colored to execute 3～4 kilograms/mu in urea before the heading, and 1 kilogram of fringe phase beginning spray potassium dihydrogen phosphate, boric acid 100 grams, beginning fringe are to full heading time, and in conjunction with spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate and boron, the adding Fujione, sprays 2～4 times by each 0.2 kilogram every mu; And the vibration female parent can make maternal half an hour before male parent in advance when containing flower, realized the purpose of regulating when colored.

Because when the adhesivity of pollen is scattered pollen, can adsorb a large amount of pollen on the blade, reduce the pollen availability, therefore the maternal effectively fringe of seed farm surpass every mu 200,000 o'clock, need scotch sword-like leave,, cut leaf simultaneously and can also reduce fringe portion humidity to reduce the absorption of blade to pollen, thereby reduce the seed disease and reduce the fringe bud, to improve the ripening rate and the output (seeing Table 1) of seed farm

Table 1 cuts leaf and the ripening rate, the output contrast table that do not cut leaf

The maternal fringe effective fringe ripening rate of mu (%) output (kilogram) is cut leaf and is not increased production situation than not cutting leaf

The number levels (ten thousand fringe/mu) cut leaf do not cut leaf cut leaf do not cut leaf mu increase (kilogram) growth (%)

One 17.36 48.2 49.6 241.8 250.0-8.2-3.28

2 23.17 46.9 42.81 269.9 241.4 28.5 11.8

3 26.88 45.88 38.3 327.5 289.6 13.1 11.8

Annotate: the different effectively seed farms of fringe of choosing were opposed than test respectively in Bai Xiao village, Men Si township, state, Zixing, Hunan Shan 64 seed farms in (1) 89 year;

(2) each comparative trial is established three repetitions, and numeral is the mean value of three repetitions in the table.

Gibberellin has increases plant height, overcome the bag neck, loose fringe layer, improve stigma exposing ratio, pollen loose outward rate, strengthen openness angle of flag leaf, heading ahead of time, when spending in advance, reduce effects such as maternal flower pesticide retains.General consumption is every mu 14 gram, sprays at twice, and at first 4～6 grams are seeing that fringe 5～10% o'clock sprays, and all sprayed next day.The present invention adopts the principle of suiting measures to local conditions, using flexibly, to give full play to the effect of gibberellin to the use of gibberellin.Under the severe drought situation, what spray gibberellin sees that the fringe index ahead of time, the consumption of gibberellin will increase by 2～3 grams for every mu, some kind such as prestige two OA more will strengthen the gibberellin consumption, as male parent early 4～5 days, male parent sprayed gibberellin and postpones till female parent and see fringe, and consumption is increased to every mu and once sprays 8 grams, maternal every mu 6 gram sprays at twice.Very insensitive to gibberellin as Shanyougui 34 production of hybrid seeds male parents, the gibberellin consumption can be 15 gram/mus, and wherein 8 grams are used for male parent, and male parent is higher than about maternal 12cm, realize high yield.When the maternal florescence early than male parent, maternally spray 1 gram every day by outside the normal spray gibberellin, increase stigma exposing ratio.

Spend preceding 1 hour in the male parent Sheng and begin the vibration female parent, the long bamboo pole of hillock piece, but Taegu piece stay cord note not vibrating male parent.Vibration is maternal, and is in advance, wherein maternal from the male parent peak vibration in 1 hour 25 minutes of blooming when making flower of female parent, lead maximum during flower of female parent; The vibration female parent also makes stigma exposing ratio improve, as the agricultural S-1 that weighs, and catches up with every day powder preceding maternal with the vibration of bamboo bar, than depressed action contrast, stigma exposing ratio is brought up to 25.5%(by 14.5% and is seen Table 2), 10 individual plant tests of prestige two OA, vibration is maternal, and stigma exposing ratio brings up to 56.8% from 39.3%.

Table 2 vibration is to the influence of the agricultural S-1 stigma exposing ratio that weighs

I II III amounts to exposing ratio %

Shake and expose grain 237 198 215 650

25.1

Moving total grain 941 789 923 2553

The depressed grain 134 112 126 372 that exposes

14.5

Moving total grain 926 770 865 2561

Catching up with powder is to overcome pollen directly to fall, and improves a key technology of field evenness, and the powder of catching up with of the present invention is according to three kinds of different situations, the zero-time of determining to catch up with powder, and interval and number of times drop in the male parent row thereby reduce pollen.

When the high-temperature drying wind speed was big, male parent was bloomed synchronous fully with loose powder, and that female parent is bloomed is slower, and loose powder is low with the maternal goodness of fit of blooming.In this case, catch up with the zero-time of powder to rise to the mid point that reaches the peak suddenly about the amount of blooming greatly, carry out about 30 minutes the time apart from the peak, powder once till finishing during to male parent flower, was generally caught up with about 6 times in 15 minutes in every interval, and catching up with the powder instrument is good with single bamboo pole; Another kind is the situation that loose powder delays, this is a kind of perfect condition, even this blooming time overslip of father and mother, loose powder and female parent are bloomed and are met, the pollination goodness of fit is very high, at this moment catches up with powder to postpone, and can postpone till the grain husk of male parent 10-20% at the latest and spend the closed powder that just begins to catch up with, catch up with powder can be increased to 30 minutes with the last time at interval, catch up with the powder number of times can reduce to 2～3 times; The third situation is to occur the rainy day, and it is synchronously maternal that rain stops the stepfather, the male parent seldom loose powder of blooming; At this moment, stop rain and will vibrate father and mother originally, bloom synchronously to shake off the globule and to promote.Catch up with powder once every about 15 minutes then, vibration is maternal simultaneously; Catching up with on the powder instrument, catching up with powder with single 5 meters long bamboo poles, also can vibrate female parent simultaneously, taking into account speed, effect is better.

By above-mentioned measure, the pollen rate of loosing outward brings up to 60～90%, flower pesticide no longer occurs and does not stretch out the situation of promptly splitting fully as yet.Female parent bloom corresponding ahead of time and the male parent corresponding postponement of blooming, the pollination goodness of fit and pollen evenness significantly improve, estimate about 2 times of the efficient raisings of pollen, insemination back loss also reduces, and this is the another new cultivation step of " raising pollen density " cultivation method later " improving the pollen availability " of continuing.

The hybrid rice producing method for seed that the present invention proposes matches with plain existing big fringe of many fringes of high rich water and flower synchronization can realize stablizing super high-yielding, Zixing City, Hunan Province after using the producing method for seed that the present invention proposes in 3 years 265.5 kilograms of average yield per mus than 63.9 kilograms of 201.6 kilograms of volume increase of average yield per mus of the first four years, increase by 31.7%, wherein excellent seventy-seven hybrid seed yields of 244.9 mu Shan are flat 368 kilograms of mu, 265.3 356.3 kilograms of Shanyougui three or four production of hybrid seeds mu amounts of showing no increases in output of mu also have 25.3 mu Wen Yousan number respectively, the hybrid seed yield of Shanyougui three or four is flat more than 422 kilograms at mu.This city has used since the present technique, and 14788 mu of the production of hybrid seeds gross areas newly increase production 94.5 ten thousand kilograms in seed, have a net gain 542.5 ten thousand yuan; Along with the rising of hybrid seed yield, quality also improves relatively simultaneously, and purity improves 1.03%, and the seed farm that the whole nation is annual 2000000 mu all adopts present technique, can increase production 12,780 ten thousand kilograms in seed in 1 year, and economic benefit and social benefit are very considerable.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of breeding method of hybrid rice comprises that changing the production of hybrid seeds in autumn is spring system, prevention and elimination of disease and pests, fertilising in good time, uses gibberellin and catches up with powder, the invention is characterized in:

(1), select that daily mean temperature is at 24～26 ℃ between heading stage, wind speed is little, humidity about 80%, the sunshine duration of this month reaches the season and the region production of hybrid seeds about 260, to improve the weather conditions at heading stage;

(2), the extermination of disease and insect pest: prevent and treat leaf blast with strong chlorine oil, main 7 phases of fringe, the medication of 8 phases prevent and treat the fringe rice blast, and milk ripe stage suppresses the multiple weak bacterial parasite of seed with the broad spectrum activity sterilizing insecticide;

(3), manuring late: after sword-like leave stretched out, five phases of ear differentiation imposed nitrogen, potash fertilizer, eight phases of ear differentiation promptly ear before nitrogen fertilizer application again;

(4), when flower regulate: nitrogen fertilizer application before the beginning fringe, beginning fringe to full heading time is executed phosphorus, potassium, boron fertilizer, is used in combination Fujione, when making flower of female parent in advance;

(5), scotch leaf according to the growth of cereal crop seedlings: when the maternal effective fringe of seed farm surpasses 200,000/mu, scotch sword-like leave.

(6), use gibberellin flexibly: according to weather, flower synchronization situation, regularity and father and mother susceptibility skilful use gibberellin originally;

(7), bloom before vibration maternal, and situation is caught up with powder respectively: contain in male parent and spend preceding 1 hour and begin vibration maternal, with flower beginning ahead of time, improve stigma exposing ratio, male parent catches up with powder to handle by three kinds of situations respectively;

ⅰ, male parent are bloomed synchronous with loose powder--and catch up with the powder zero-time to rise to the mid point that reaches the peak at the amount of blooming flaring, promptly the peak precontract is 30 minutes, and at interval 15 minutes once;

ⅱ, male parent loose powder delay--and by the degree that the delays difference of loose powder, postpone and catch up with powder, can be pushed at the latest when male parent 10～20% grain husks are spent closure and carry out, be spaced apart 30～40 minutes once;

Behind ⅲ, the rain, father and mother are originally bloomed synchronously, and male parent is loose powder not--and one stops rain vibrates father and mother originally simultaneously, is spaced apart 15 minutes once.

2,, it is characterized in that Xiang Nan selects the less basin production of hybrid seeds in summer of mountain area, wind speed of 600～700 meters of height above sea level, to satisfy the requirement of weather conditions at heading stage according to the described breeding method of hybrid rice of claim 1.

3, according to the described breeding method of hybrid rice of claim 1, it is characterized in that the nitrogenous fertilizer that five phases of ear differentiation impose can be urea, consumption is 4～6 kilograms/mu, potash fertilizer can be potassium chloride, consumption is 3～4 kilograms/mu, the nitrogenous fertilizer that eight phases of ear differentiation impose is urea, 3～4 kilograms/mu of consumptions.

4, according to the described breeding method of hybrid rice of claim 1, it is characterized in that regulating that used nitrogenous fertilizer is urea when colored, 3～4 kilograms/mu of consumptions, phosphorus, potassium, boron fertilizer are 1 kilogram of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and boric acid 100 grams, and spray simultaneously with Fujione.