CN1067513C - Bearing disfunction-removing method for hibrid rice - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for eliminating the obstruction of the outcrossing fructification of rice, which comprises the selection of weather conditions and the selection of geographical environments. Directional cultivation is changed into strong and stable cultivation, and a flowering phase is predicted by a formula to implement mechanized pollination, etc.; the method is used for breeding and is matched with other measures, such as strong seedling cultivation, rational close planting, basic seedling insertion, fertilizer and water management, the prevention and the cure of diseases and pests, etc., so that the breeding yield of hybrid rice can reach more than 300 kilograms per mu, which does not have large change by the climatic difference among years.

Description

The method of getting rid of paddy rice outcrossing obstacle

The method of getting rid of paddy rice outcrossing obstacle belongs to crop cultivating technology, particularly the stable super high-yielding technology of breeding of hybrid rice.

Paddy rice is a kind of selfing crop, and must implement different friendship in the production of hybrid seeds of hybrid rice.Outcrossing seed-setting rate is low once to be considered to the obstacle that can not exceed more, under a collection of production of hybrid seeds expert's the effort that with Xu Shijue is representative, breeding of hybrid rice output has had very big raising, brings up to average 150～200 kilograms every mu of large tracts of land from 10～20 kilograms every mu of initial stage.With the inventor is first inventor's No. 92111766.3 patents, proposed a kind of " breeding method of hybrid rice ', this method has comprised to be selected in base season; the weak bacterial parasite of control seed; regulate the florescence, scotch leaf, catch up with technical measures such as powder method.Though make the per mu yield that can make breeding of hybrid rice in this way up to 300 kilograms, become the highest level of the present breeding of hybrid rice output of China, also admitted by many local peasants and adopted.But, because this method is perfect not enough, as scotch leaf not as heavily cutting leaf etc., thereby stablize aspect the super high-yielding ideal not enough.

The objective of the invention is further to improve " the stable super merchant of hybrid rice produces kind of a method " of No. 92111766.3 patent propositions, the ripening rate of breeding of hybrid rice is reached more than 60%, every mu of seed yield of large tracts of land reaches more than 300 kilograms, and because of the climate difference between the year border big variation is not arranged.

The objective of the invention is to realize by following technical proposals:

1, rice transplanting in good time guarantees that the Honda leafing is no less than 6;

Require when 2, spending: 20 ℃～36 ℃ of temperature, 10 ℃～12 ℃ of day and night temperatures, relative moisture 70%～80%, wind speed is less than 2 grades, the pedestrian worker that goes forward side by side pollination;

3, cultivate the above sword-like leave of 30cm, and stay the leaf that cuts of long 10～15cm to handle sword-like leave;

4, when the fringe apical grafting closely and does not still reach the sword-like leave pillow, concentrate on 1～1.5 day and spray gibberellin, consumption is 18～30 gram/mus;

5, fertilizing amount by field is 20～30 kilograms of every mu of purity nitrogens, and the weight ratio of nitrogen phosphorus potassium is 1: 0.4: 0.6, falls 4 leaves to falling 2 leaves dew point phase potassium application, executes nitrogen potash fertilizer before the heading.

Implement the present invention and can realize per mu yield hybrid rice seed more than 300 kilograms, and can improve the quality and the purity of seed.

Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:

One, chooses suitable meteorological condition and geographical environment

Suitable meteorological condition and geographical environment all have decisive action to getting rid of the various obstruction factors that influence the paddy rice outcrossing seed-setting rate, specific requirement is: the season that does not have unbroken rainfall when selecting flower, temperature is the best between 27 ℃～33 ℃ during flower, relative moisture is the best between 80%～70% during flower, 26 ℃～28 ℃ of fine daily mean temperatures of florescence, 24 ℃～26 ℃ of overcast and rainy daily mean temperatures, the maximum air temperature＜36 ℃, the minimum air temperature＞20 ℃, fine day and night temperature is about 10 ℃～12 ℃, landform is wanted to avoid strong wind, requires wind speed＜2 grade.

Two, changing " directional cultivation " is " strong and healthy steady cultivation ", and major measure is:

1, rice transplanting in good time guarantees that the Honda leafing is no less than 6.

2, soil testing and fertilizer recommendation, heavy nitrogen application: application of amount of nitrogen is about 2 times of general paddy rice optimum amount, concrete consumption can be decided according to soil fertility, require every mu of amount of nitrogenous fertilizer of using to amount to into purity nitrogen and reach 20～30 kilograms, the proportioning of using of nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer was generally 1: 0.4: 0.6, also to replenish the trace element that lacks in the soil simultaneously according to the result who surveys soil.Do not do " middle control " period of using at fertilizer, 4 leaves that fall reveal point phase potassium application to falling 2 leaves, and seedling is counted deficiency or the leaf look Huang that falls and wanted heavy nitrogen application, light nitrogen fertilizer application under the normal condition.Every mu of amount of urea is about 4 kilograms during light nitrogen fertilizer application, also will impose nitrogen, potash fertilizer before the heading.Thereby make the rice strain remain denseer leaf look, physiological activity keeps vigorous state.

3, water-saving culture keeps the root system vigor: in the time of infertility of paddy rice, except live, topdress, three kinds of situations of high-temperature drying weather, other times, generally do not pour water in the field, also heavy dry field, field soil with frequent maintenance moistening or fine fisssure state for well.

4, cultivate Ye Shangsui: on the basis of cultivating neat colony, when the heavy favour apical grafting of major part closely and does not still reach the sword-like leave pillow, according to the breediness and the growth of cereal crop seedlings, concentrate in 1～1.5 day, spray gibberellin at twice, consumption is 18～30 gram/mus, ultra low volume spraying or add synergist, and consumption can cut down according to the circumstance.

5, cultivate the above yataghan leaf of 30cm, carry out and heavily cut leaf, cut leaf after, sword-like leave stays long 10～15cm.

Three, accurately predict the florescence:

1, in advance by actual measurement, grasp father and mother's frequency of originally blooming day by day, maternal stigma exposing ratio, column cap be the data of four aspects such as survival rate day by day, bloomed in Zao three days than male parent by female parent then and bloomed in slow three days than male parent to female parent, calculate comprehensive different interdigital several E according to following formula, when the E value is maximum, be best florescence standard: $E=\underset{i=1}{\overset{r}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}[A_i{B}_{\mathrm{ip}}+\underset{n=1}{\overset{r-i}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{A}_i{B}_{(i+n)}{\mathrm{DH}}_n]$

In the formula:

A _i-male parent the frequency of blooming day by day

B _i-female parent the frequency of blooming day by day

I=1,2,3 ... r, maternal early flowering season i=1, male parent is flower day i=r eventually

Full encountering rate during P-father's flower of female parent

The maternal stigma exposing ratio of D-

H _n-column cap survival rate day by day after blooming

N=1,2,3 ... (r-i), female parent n=1 next day of blooming, male parent is a flower day n=r-1 eventually

When the E value is maximum, be the best florescence, otherwise just should take the rich water measure that the florescence is regulated, implement artificial pollination to realize the best florescence.

2, discern 4 leaves according to leaf emergence rate and stem apex change of shape, thereby the accurate prediction of whether florescence being met according to the surplus number of sheets shifts to an earlier date 1 leaf, the effect that makes rich water regulate the florescence improves greatly.

Four, implement artificial pollination

In the different friendship of this companion planting of father and mother, manually catch up with on the basis of powder, be aided with the mechanization pollination again.Discover, within a certain period of time, paddy pollen forfeiture fertility, main if it were not for pollen death, but due to the dehydration of pollen surface glycoprotein.Therefore, can cultivate a collection of male parent in advance, when florescence or blooming time overslip, the pollen collection of the male parent of cultivation in advance is stored in the pollen germination liquid, and storage temperature is 0 ℃～20 ℃, when treating that female parent is bloomed, use machinery (as rotary vane type machinery) again, pollen suspension is sent forth at the grain husk of female parent taken.

Claims (2)

1, a kind of method of getting rid of paddy rice outcrossing obstacle comprises when colored that regulating, cut leaf handles, uses gibberellin and azophoska, is characterized in that:

A, the leafing of assurance Honda are no less than 6;

Require when b, flower: 20 ℃-36 ℃ of temperature, 10 ℃-12 ℃ of day and night temperatures, relative moisture 70%-80%, wind speed are less than 2 grades, the pedestrian worker that goes forward side by side pollination;

C, cultivate the above sword-like leave of 30cm, and sword-like leave stayed long 10-15cm's cut the leaf processing;

D, closely and still do not reach sword-like leave when pillow at the fringe apical grafting, concentrate on 1-1.5 days and spray gibberellin, consumption is a 18-30 gram/mu;

E, fertilizing amount by field are every mu of purity nitrogen 20-30 kilogram, and the weight ratio of nitrogen phosphorus potassium is 1: 0.4: 0.6, fall 4 leaves to falling 2 leaves dew point phase potassium application, execute nitrogen potash fertilizer before the heading.

2, a kind of method of getting rid of paddy rice outcrossing obstacle as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the pollen of gathering is stored in the pollen germination liquid before artificial pollination, storage temperature is 0 ℃-20 ℃.