CN108781978B - Method for reducing abnormal rate of citrus fruits - Google Patents

Method for reducing abnormal rate of citrus fruits Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108781978B
CN108781978B CN201810705471.0A CN201810705471A CN108781978B CN 108781978 B CN108781978 B CN 108781978B CN 201810705471 A CN201810705471 A CN 201810705471A CN 108781978 B CN108781978 B CN 108781978B
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fertilizer
parts
fruit
fruits
flower
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CN108781978A (en
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吴方方
徐强
徐小平
周油涌
王灵斌
俞礼贵
杨懿圣
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Jiangxi Dongli Pomelo Industry Technology Co ltd
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Jiangxi Dongli Pomelo Industry Technology Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/12—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group, wherein Cn means a carbon skeleton not containing a ring; Thio analogues thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/44—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/50—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a nitrogen atom attached to the same carbon skeleton by a single or double bond, this nitrogen atom not being a member of a derivative or of a thio analogue of a carboxylic group, e.g. amino-carboxylic acids the nitrogen atom being doubly bound to the carbon skeleton
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N41/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
    • A01N41/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
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    • A01N47/10—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof
    • A01N47/12—Carbamic acid derivatives, i.e. containing the group —O—CO—N<; Thio analogues thereof containing a —O—CO—N< group, or a thio analogue thereof, neither directly attached to a ring nor the nitrogen atom being a member of a heterocyclic ring
    • A01N47/14—Di-thio analogues thereof
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    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
    • A01N47/28—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N<
    • A01N47/34—Ureas or thioureas containing the groups >N—CO—N< or >N—CS—N< containing the groups, e.g. biuret; Thio analogues thereof; Urea-aldehyde condensation products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
    • A01N47/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having a double or triple bond to nitrogen, e.g. cyanates, cyanamides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N53/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing cyclopropane carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N57/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic phosphorus compounds
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity

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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of plant planting, and provides a method for reducing the abnormal rate of citrus fruits, which comprises the steps of adjusting the pH value of soil to 5.5-6.5, increasing the boron content of the soil and trees, reforming the tree structure, thinning flowers in the flowering phase, supplementing tree nutrition and improving the quality of flower buds, thereby controlling and reducing abnormal young fruits; thinning fruits to reduce nutrient consumption in the second physiological fruit drop period, spraying a fruit retention agent to control physiological fruit drop and improve the fruit bearing degree; increase the nutrition of the overground part and the accumulation of carbohydrate, promote the differentiation of flower buds and improve the fruit quality. The method can reduce the incidence rate of malformed fruits to be below 10 percent, remarkably improve the commodity fruit rate (more than 85 percent), simultaneously improve the yield of citrus fruits by more than one time and obviously improve the fruit quality.

Description

Method for reducing abnormal rate of citrus fruits
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of plant planting, in particular to a method for reducing the abnormal rate of citrus fruits.
Background
The orange is a general name of oranges, mandarins, oranges, kumquats, pomelos, poncirus trifoliata and the like, is one of important fruits in the world, and is named as the top cogongrass in economic crops. China is the main origin of citrus in the world and is the earliest country in the history of growing citrus in the world.
Fruit malformation refers to abnormal growth of certain parts of the fruit, resulting in a hyperplastic shape different from the normal shape. The fruit malformation is one of factors influencing the quality of oranges, and field investigation finds that the malformation proportion of young fruits hung on fruit trees of oranges such as Ma pomelo is very large and reaches about 60 percent of all the young fruits in the second physiological fruit drop period; after the second physiological fruit drop period is finished, field investigation is carried out again, and the malformed fruits still account for more than 20% of the total fruit trees. Malformation of young fruits can cause dysplasia of distorted parts, especially citrus varieties with relatively thick peel are more susceptible to distortion, and the distorted parts are usually represented by small pulp flaps, poor pulp flavor and no red color, which not only affect the appearance of the fruits, but also affect the flavor of the fruits. Meanwhile, the external deformity of the fruit can influence the output proportion of superior fruits, so that the economic value of the citrus fruits is influenced, the income of fruit growers is further influenced, and the confidence of the fruit growers in developing the industry is also influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for reducing the abnormal rate of citrus fruits, aiming at solving the problems of high abnormal rate of citrus fruits, low commodity fruit yield and light fruit flavor in the prior art.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for reducing the abnormal rate of citrus fruits, which comprises the following steps:
A. adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.5-6.5;
B. burying and applying boron fertilizer in winter to increase boron element in soil; b fertilizer is respectively sprayed on leaf surfaces in the bud period and the full-bloom period in spring, so that the boron element content of the tree body is increased;
C. thinning dense vertical branches and crossed branches in the middle of a tree body in spring, thinning dense branches and diseased branches of a main branch of the tree body, and controlling the height of the tree body to be 3.2-3.8 m and the ratio of the height of the tree body to the transverse diameter of a crown to be 1: 0.7-0.9;
D. before the bud period, burying and applying a flower and tip promoting fertilizer, and spraying a pest control medicament and a flower promoting nutrient on leaf surfaces;
the flower and tip promoting fertilizer comprises 0.1-0.8 part of urea and 0.2-1.5 parts of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer in parts by weight;
the flower promoting nutritional agent comprises, by weight, 40-120 parts of urea, 40-120 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20-80 parts of borax and 2-20 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate;
E. adjusting the nutrition of the tree body in the flowering phase:
thinning out leafless flower branches, deformed flowers and flowers with the flower length less than 2cm in the flowering period, and controlling the ratio of leaves to flowers to be 1.5-3: 1;
spreading urea on the ground, and spraying a tree body nutrient on the leaf surfaces;
the tree nutrient comprises, by weight, 10-40 parts of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 35-70 parts of urea, 10-30 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, 20-60 parts of boron fertilizer, 10-50 parts of calcium-magnesium-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 6-20 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate;
when the flower falls above 2/3, spraying plant protective agent on the leaf surface;
F. bee is released in the flowering period, so that the pollination quality is improved;
G. controlling physiological fruit drop:
thinning fruits in the middle period of the second physiological fruit drop, wherein the ratio of leaves to fruits is 60-100: 1, the number of fruits is 60-80 per plant, and fruits with diseases, pests and transverse diameters smaller than 4mm and malformed fruits are thinned;
during the second physiological fruit drop period, spraying a fruit retention agent on the leaf surfaces;
the fruit retention agent comprises, by weight, 10-30 parts of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 15-35 parts of calcium-magnesium-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 5-15 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 15-50 parts of mancozeb, 5-20 parts of avermectin-spirodiclofen missible oil and 10-35 parts of cypermethrin;
H. fruit strengthening:
burying and applying fruit strengthening fertilizer during the second physiological fruit dropping period;
the fruit-strengthening fertilizer comprises 1-1.5 parts by weight of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 0.5-1.2 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate;
at the end of the second physiological fruit drop, the trunk or main branch of the tree body is cut circularly to increase the content of the carbohydrate in the overground part;
I. and (3) promoting flower bud differentiation:
spraying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-zinc-boron compound fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the leaves for 8-9 months;
applying a flower bud division promoting fertilizer from the fruit quality formation period to the flower bud differentiation initial period;
the flower bud forcing and separating fertilizer comprises, by weight, 0.3-1 part of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 0.2-0.7 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
Preferably, in the step A, the pH value of the soil is adjusted by burying base fertilizer in winter and spreading lime in spring;
the base fertilizer comprises 500-1000 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20-50 kg/mu of dolomite and 15-50 kg/mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.
Preferably, in the step B, the application amount of the boron fertilizer is 0.1-0.2 kg per plant, and the boron fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the leaf surfaces from the bud period to the full-bloom period of the spring for 1-2 times.
Preferably, in the step D, the burying amount of the flower and tip promoting fertilizer is 0.8-1.6 kg per plant, and the burying depth is 10-20 cm.
Preferably, in the step D, the pest control medicine comprises 10-50 parts of thiophanate methyl, 5-15 parts of propargite and 10-30 parts of chlorpyrifos by weight.
Preferably, in the step E, the plant protective agent comprises, by weight, 20-60 parts of mancozeb, 10-35 parts of kresoxim-methyl, 5-20 parts of acetamiprid and 5-18 parts of abamectin.
Preferably, in the step G, the application amount of the strong fruit fertilizer is 1.5-2.7 kg per plant, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 14:20: 19; the girdling position is a trunk or a main branch which is 10-50 cm away from the ground, and the girdling mode is to girdling around the tree body for 3 circles.
Preferably, in the step I, the application amount of the flower and bud promoting fertilizer is 0.5-1.7 kg per plant.
Preferably, the method further comprises step J: and (5) not watering any more after 10 months, and controlling the water content of the soil to be 12-15%.
Preferably, the foliar spraying is to positively and negatively spray the foliar until the liquid drops drip.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following advantages:
the invention provides a method for reducing the abnormal rate of citrus fruits, which comprises the following steps of A, adjusting the pH value of soil to 5.5-6.5; B. the boron content of soil and trees is increased; c, adjusting the tree structure; D. before the bud period, burying a flower promoting and tip promoting fertilizer, and spraying a pest control medicament and a flower promoting nutritional agent on leaf surfaces to promote the fruit trees to bloom so as to ensure the yield; E. regulating the nutrition of the tree body in the flowering phase, thereby controlling and reducing malformed young fruits; F. bee is released in the flowering period, so that the pollination quality is improved; G. controlling physiological fruit drop: H. strengthening fruit to increase aerial part nutrition and accumulation of carbohydrate; I. promote flower bud differentiation and improve fruit quality. The method can reduce the incidence rate of malformed fruits to be below 10 percent, remarkably improve the commodity fruit rate (more than 85 percent), simultaneously improve the yield of citrus fruits by more than one time and obviously improve the fruit quality.
Detailed Description
The invention provides A, adjusting the pH value of soil to 5.5-6.5;
B. burying and applying boron fertilizer in winter to increase boron element in soil; b fertilizer is respectively sprayed on leaf surfaces in the bud period and the full-bloom period in spring, so that the boron element content of the tree body is increased;
C. thinning dense vertical branches and crossed branches in the middle of a tree body in spring, thinning dense branches and diseased branches of a main branch of the tree body, and controlling the height of the tree body to be 3.2-3.8 m and the ratio of the height of the tree body to the transverse diameter of a crown to be 1: 0.7-0.9;
D. before the bud period, burying and applying a flower and tip promoting fertilizer, and spraying a pest control medicament and a flower promoting nutrient on leaf surfaces;
the flower and tip promoting fertilizer comprises 0.1-0.8 part of urea and 0.2-1.5 parts of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer in parts by weight;
the flower promoting nutritional agent comprises, by weight, 40-120 parts of urea, 40-120 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20-80 parts of borax and 2-20 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate;
E. adjusting the nutrition of the tree body in the flowering phase:
thinning out leafless flower branches, deformed flowers and flowers with the flower length less than 2cm in the flowering period, and controlling the ratio of leaves to flowers to be 1.5-3: 1;
spreading urea on the ground, and spraying a tree body nutrient on the leaf surfaces;
the tree nutrient comprises, by weight, 10-40 parts of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 35-70 parts of urea, 10-30 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, 20-60 parts of boron fertilizer, 10-50 parts of calcium-magnesium-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 6-20 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate;
when the flower falls above 2/3, spraying plant protective agent on the leaf surface;
F. bee is released in the flowering period, so that the pollination quality is improved;
G. controlling physiological fruit drop:
thinning fruits in the middle period of the second physiological fruit drop, wherein the ratio of leaves to fruits is 60-100: 1, the number of fruits is 60-80 per plant, and fruits with diseases, pests and transverse diameters smaller than 4mm and malformed fruits are thinned;
during the second physiological fruit drop period, spraying a fruit retention agent on the leaf surfaces;
the fruit retention agent comprises, by weight, 10-30 parts of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 15-35 parts of calcium-magnesium-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 5-15 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 15-50 parts of mancozeb, 5-20 parts of avermectin-spirodiclofen missible oil and 10-35 parts of cypermethrin;
H. fruit strengthening:
burying and applying fruit strengthening fertilizer during the second physiological fruit dropping period;
the fruit-strengthening fertilizer comprises 1-1.5 parts by weight of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 0.5-1.2 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate;
girdling the trunk or main branch of the tree at the end of the second physiological fruit drop to increase the content of the carbohydrate in the overground part;
I. and (3) promoting flower bud differentiation:
spraying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-zinc-boron compound fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the leaves for 8-9 months;
applying a flower bud division promoting fertilizer from the fruit quality formation period to the flower bud differentiation initial period;
the flower bud forcing and separating fertilizer comprises, by weight, 0.3-1 part of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 0.2-0.7 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
The method comprises the steps A to I, and the method has no restriction on the sequence of the steps.
In the present invention, the citrus fruits include, but are not limited to, mandarin orange, kumquat, pomelo and poncirus trifoliata.
The pH value of the soil is adjusted to 5.5-6.5, so that the root growth environment is improved, and more appropriate conditions are provided for the growth of citrus trees. Through the soil detection to 162 oranges and tangerines planting bases, the soil pH value in the oranges and tangerines orchard is generally about 4.8, obviously deviates from the pH value suitable for the growth of oranges and tangerines, and the soil pH value needs to be adjusted in order to provide a more comfortable growth environment for the growth of fruit trees.
In the invention, the method for adjusting the pH value of the soil is preferably carried out by burying the base fertilizer in winter and spreading lime in spring. According to different soil pH values needing to be adjusted, the soil pH value is improved by utilizing the base fertilizer, and then the lime dosage is determined according to the difference of the pH values in spring.
Specifically, the base fertilizer adopted by the invention preferably comprises 500-1000 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20-50 kg/mu of dolomite and 15-50 kg/mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer; more preferably, the decomposed organic fertilizer is 550-700 kg/mu, the dolomite is 25-35 kg/mu and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 25-35 kg/mu; the most preferable is 600 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 30 kg/mu of dolomite and 30 kg/mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.
In the invention, the burying time of the base fertilizer is preferably from 11 ten days to 12 months.
In the invention, the burying method of the base fertilizer is preferably as follows: mixing the decomposed organic fertilizer, dolomite and a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer according to a proportion and burying the mixture in soil. The embedding depth is preferably 30-50 cm, and more preferably 40 cm.
The organic matter content (mass percentage) of the decomposed organic fertilizer is preferably more than 40-50%. The organic fertilizer comprises, but is not limited to, cow and sheep manure decomposed organic fertilizer, straw decomposed organic fertilizer and the like, the source of the decomposed organic fertilizer is not specially limited, and the obtained decomposed organic fertilizer can be commercially available or prepared by self as long as the obtained decomposed organic fertilizer meets the conditions.
The dolomite is carbonate mineral, the main component is calcium magnesium carbonate, and the dolomite plays a role in improving the pH value of soil in the invention, can adjust acid soil to neutrality, and can provide trace elements such as calcium, magnesium and the like. The source of the dolomite is not specially limited, and the dolomite can be obtained by adopting a commercial product. Dolomite powder is generally chosen as the starting material for ease of mixing.
The calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is also called as fused magnesium phosphate fertilizer, is a multi-element fertilizer prepared by carrying out high-temperature melting, water quenching, drying and grinding on phosphate ore and ore containing magnesium and silicon in a blast furnace or an electric furnace, and the aqueous solution is alkaline, can improve acid soil and simultaneously can provide a large amount of elements such as silicon, calcium, magnesium and the like for plant growth. The source of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is not specially limited, and the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can be obtained by adopting commercial products.
The invention adopts a base fertilizer containing decomposed organic fertilizer, dolomite and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and mainly aims to regulate the conventional meta-acid soil to the range of pH5.5-6.5.
In the invention, the preferable mode of lime spreading in spring to adjust the pH value of the soil is as follows: and evenly spreading lime around the tree tray according to the pH value required to be adjusted.
In the present invention, the lime is preferably applied 3 months later.
In the invention, the application amount of lime is preferably 15-40 kg/mu, and the specific application amount is determined according to the pH value of soil to be regulated.
Boron is one of essential elements for flowering and fruit setting of oranges, abnormal flowers and weak flowers are easily caused by boron deficiency in the flowering period, and poor pollination and fertilization are also caused, so that the fruit setting rate is low. In order to reduce the deformity rate of citrus fruits, the boron fertilizer is buried in winter to increase the content of boron in soil, and the boron fertilizer is respectively sprayed on leaf surfaces in the bud period and the full-bloom period in spring to increase the content of boron in trees.
According to the invention, the boric fertilizer is buried in the dormancy stage of the citrus fruit tree in winter, which is beneficial to improving the quality of flower buds. According to the invention, the boron fertilizer is preferably buried when the base fertilizer is buried in winter, so that the labor amount can be effectively reduced, the labor cost can be reduced, and the absorption efficiency of the boron fertilizer can be improved.
In the invention, the boron fertilizer is preferably boric acid; the source of the boron fertilizer is not specially limited, and the boron fertilizer can be obtained by adopting a commercial product.
In the invention, the embedding amount of the boron fertilizer is preferably 0.1-0.2 kg per plant, more preferably 0.12-0.18 kg per plant, and most preferably 0.15kg per plant.
In the invention, the boric acid is preferably selected as the boric acid fertilizer sprayed on the leaf surfaces, and the boric acid is dissolved and then sprayed on the leaf surfaces of fruit trees, so that the content of boron in the tree bodies can be effectively increased, and the probability of malformed fruits is further reduced.
According to the invention, the boron fertilizer is preferably sprayed on the leaf surfaces from the bud period to the full-bloom period in spring for 1-2 times so as to sufficiently supplement the boron element requirement of the tree body.
In the invention, the dosage of the sprayed boric fertilizer is preferably 20-80 g/plant, and more preferably 40 g/plant. The boron fertilizer sprayed by the invention is not particularly limited, and the boron fertilizer known in the field, such as boric acid, can be adopted.
The invention concentrates the nutrients of the tree body and improves the quality of flower buds by adjusting the structure of the tree body. Specifically, dense upright branches and crossed branches in the middle of a tree body are thinned and removed in spring, dense branches and diseased branches of a main branch of the tree body are thinned and removed, the height of the tree body is controlled to be 3.2-3.8 m, and the ratio of the height of the tree body to the transverse diameter of a crown is 1: 0.7-0.9, so that a needed tree body structure is formed. In the tree structure, the height of the tree is preferably controlled to be 3.4-3.6 m; the ratio of the height of the tree body to the transverse diameter of the crown is preferably 1: 0.8.
After the tree body structure is adjusted, the tree body of the tree body structure is transparent, the internal humidity of the tree body is low, the illumination is good, and the temperature difference between the inside and the outside is large, so that the tree body structure is beneficial to reducing the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests and improving the fruit quality.
Meanwhile, after the tree body structure is adjusted, nutrient components can be effectively and intensively supplied to branches, the nutrient level of the rest branches is improved, the yield of citrus fruits is not influenced, the quality of flower buds can be improved, and the agricultural operations such as spraying various reagents, picking fruits and the like are facilitated.
The invention buries a flower and tip promoting fertilizer before the bud period, sprays a pest control medicine and a flower promoting nutrient on leaf surfaces, and achieves the purposes of strengthening tree vigor, promoting flowering and ensuring yield.
In the present invention, the bud period is generally determined according to the different periods of the specific citrus varieties from 3 to 4 months.
In the invention, the flower and tip promoting fertilizer comprises 0.1-0.8 part of urea and 0.2-1.5 parts of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer by weight; preferably, the fertilizer comprises 0.3-0.6 part of urea and 0.5-1 part of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer. The flower and tip promoting fertilizer is mainly used for increasing nutrients of trees and promoting flowering.
In the invention, the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer refers to a compound fertilizer with the content (mass percentage) ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements of 17:17:17, and the potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer is not particularly limited to this, and can be prepared by adopting a commercially available commodity.
In the invention, the application amount of the flower and tip promoting fertilizer is preferably 0.8-1.6 kg per plant, and more preferably 1.0-1.3 kg per plant. The preferable burying and applying depth of the flower and tip promoting fertilizer is 10-20 cm.
In the invention, the flower promoting nutritional agent preferably comprises 40-120 parts by weight of urea, 40-120 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate, 20-80 parts by weight of borax and 2-20 parts by weight of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate; more preferably 60-100 parts of urea, 60-100 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 30-60 parts of borax and 5-15 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate; most preferably: 80 parts of urea, 80 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 50 parts of borax and 10 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate. The flower promoting nutrient comprises medium and trace nutrient elements and a plant growth regulator, and the flowering is promoted by supplementing nutrition and an exogenous growth regulator to a tree body.
In the invention, the flower promoting nutrient is preferably mixed with water according to the mass ratio of 0.102-0.340: 13 for spraying; more preferably 0.22: 15.
In the invention, the pest control medicine preferably comprises 10-50 parts by weight of thiophanate-methyl, 5-15 parts by weight of propargite and 10-30 parts by weight of chlorpyrifos; more preferably, the pesticide comprises 25 parts of thiophanate methyl, 10 parts of propargite and 20 parts of chlorpyrifos. The pesticide of the invention has good control effect on red spider, scale insect and other pests.
In the invention, the pest control medicine is preferably mixed with water according to the mass ratio of 0.025-0.095: 15 for spraying; more preferably 0.055: 15.
The invention preferably can carry out foliar spraying on the pest control medicament and the flower promoting nutrient together, thereby saving the workload.
The invention aims to supplement the nutrition of trees in the flowering phase, regulate hormone distribution and supplement calcium and magnesium elements so as to control and reduce the occurrence of deformed young fruits, preserve flowers in the flowering phase and improve the nutrition level of plants.
The invention carries out flower thinning on fruit trees in the flowering phase, and the flower thinning strength is as follows: thinning out leafless flower branches, deformed flowers and flowers with the flower length less than 2cm, and controlling the ratio of leaves to flowers to be 1.5-3: 1. The leaf-flower ratio is preferably controlled at 2: 1. The invention aims to reduce nutrient consumption and reserve flowers with better quality for pollination and fertilization, thereby improving the fruit quality and reducing the generation rate of malformed fruits.
In order to protect young fruits from being damaged, the plant protective agent is sprayed on the leaf surfaces after flowers fall above 2/3, and damage caused by plant diseases and insect pests is prevented.
In the invention, the plant protective agent preferably comprises 20-60 parts of mancozeb, 10-35 parts of kresoxim-methyl, 5-20 parts of acetamiprid and 5-18 parts of abamectin; more preferably 40 parts of mancozeb, 15 parts of kresoxim-methyl, 10 parts of acetamiprid and 10 parts of abamectin.
In the invention, the plant protective agent is preferably mixed with water according to the mass ratio of 0.040-0.133: 15 for spraying; more preferably 0.075: 15.
The invention can supplement the tree nutrition for one time in time by the modes of spreading urea on the ground and spraying the tree nutrition agent on the leaf surface in the flowering period. Specifically, the application amount of the ground spreading urea is preferably 0.3-0.8 kg per plant, and more preferably 0.5kg per plant.
According to the invention, the tree nutrient comprises, by weight, 10-40 parts of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 35-70 parts of urea, 10-30 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, 20-60 parts of boron fertilizer, 10-50 parts of calcium-magnesium-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 6-20 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate; the fertilizer preferably comprises 20 parts of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 50 parts of urea, 10 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, 40 parts of boron fertilizer, 20 parts of calcium-magnesium-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 10 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate. The tree nutrient supplements macroelements and microelements of a tree body by spraying the foliage.
In the invention, the tree nutrient is preferably mixed with water according to the mass ratio of 0.091-0.270: 15 for spraying; more preferably 0.150: 15.
In the invention, the amino acid content in the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 110g/L, and the total content of manganese ions and zinc ions is more than 24 g/L. The source of the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer is not particularly limited, and the amino acid water-soluble fertilizer can be obtained by adopting a commercial product, such as a benefit application side.
In the invention, the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus pentoxide to potassium oxide in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is as follows: 21:15:8. The source of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer is not specially limited, and the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer can be either a commercially available commodity meeting the proportion or a self-prepared commodity.
In the invention, the sum of the contents of calcium element and magnesium element in the calcium-magnesium-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is more than or equal to 105g/L, and the content of nitrogen element is more than or equal to 120 g/L. The invention specially limits the source of the calcium-magnesium-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, and the calcium-magnesium-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer can meet the conditions, such as commercial product Naipu 9.
Because the flowering phase of the citrus is often in rainy days and the pollination quality of flowers is not high, the honeybees are introduced into the orchard in the flowering phase in order to further improve the flowering quality.
In the present invention, the timing of introducing the bees is preferably just before the citrus fruit tree enters the flowering stage. In the invention, the quantity of the introduced bees is calculated according to the introduction of 2-4 boxes of bees per 100 mu of orchard; preferably, 3 bees are introduced per 100 acres. Each bee box of the invention at least comprises 30000 bees.
The invention sprays the fruit retention agent on the leaf surface during the second physiological fruit drop period of the citrus and performs fruit thinning by combining the second layer physiological fruit drop period, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing nutrient consumption and controlling physiological fruit drop and further improving the correction degree of fruit types.
The method is used for thinning fruits in the middle period of the second physiological fruit drop period, and removing insect-resistant fruits, small fruits with the fruit transverse diameter smaller than 4mm and malformed fruits, wherein the ratio of leaves to fruits is controlled to be 60-100: 1, and the number of fruits is controlled to be more than 60-80 per plant after thinning. According to the invention, the ratio of leaves to fruits is preferably controlled to be 80: 1. Preferably, the number of the fruits is controlled to be 70 per plant.
The invention aims to reduce nutrient consumption, remove young fruits with poor quality, reduce the consumption of the young fruits with poor quality on tree nutrients and intensively supply fruits with better quality in the middle period of the second physiological fruit drop.
The fruit retention agent sprayed on the leaf surfaces during the second physiological fruit drop period comprises nutrient components, a plant growth regulator and a drug for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, and has the effects of supplementing nutrients, preventing a large amount of fruit drops during the physiological fruit drop period and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests.
In the invention, the fruit retention agent comprises 10-30 parts by weight of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 15-35 parts by weight of calcium-magnesium-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 5-15 parts by weight of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 15-50 parts by weight of mancozeb, 5-20 parts by weight of avermectin-spirodiclofen missible oil and 10-35 parts by weight of cypermethrin; the preferable fertilizer comprises 20 parts of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 25 parts of calcium-magnesium-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 10 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 30 parts of mancozeb, 10 parts of abamectin-spirodiclofen missible oil and 15 parts of cypermethrin.
In the invention, the fruit retention agent is preferably mixed with water according to the mass ratio of 0.060-0.185: 15 and sprayed; more preferably 0.11: 15.
The invention also carries out fruit strengthening by burying and applying fruit strengthening fertilizer and girdling the trunk of the tree in the final stage during the second physiological fruit drop period, thereby improving the fruit quality and reducing the fruit deformity rate.
In the invention, the fruit-strengthening fertilizer comprises 1-1.5 parts by weight of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 0.5-1.2 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate; preferably comprises 1.2 parts of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 0.8 part of monopotassium phosphate. The fruit-strengthening fertilizer disclosed by the invention is suitable for nutrient components required by the growth period of fruits, and can effectively promote the growth of the fruits.
In the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, the mass ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements is preferably 14:20: 19.
In the invention, the application amount of the strong fruit fertilizer is preferably 1.5-2.7 kg per plant, and more preferably 2.0-2.3 kg per plant.
In the invention, the position of the girdling is preferably 10-50 m above the ground of a trunk or a main branch. The girdling mode of the invention is preferably to girdling around the tree body for 3 circles. The invention aims to increase the carbohydrate content of the overground part of the fruit tree at the end stage of the second physiological fruit drop (about 7 th ten days), thereby promoting the fruit growth.
In order to promote flower bud differentiation and improve fruit quality, the invention sprays the NPZK-B compound fertilizer on the leaf surface once every 8-9 months, and irrigates the flower bud differentiation promoting fertilizer from the fruit quality formation period to the flower bud differentiation initial stage (generally 9-10 months).
The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-zinc-boron compound fertilizer disclosed by the invention contains no less than 5% of nitrogen element, no less than 5% of phosphorus pentoxide, no less than 45% of potassium element, no less than 0.65% of zinc element and no less than 0.6% of boron element, and also contains chelated microelements such as manganese, copper, cobalt and molybdenum. The invention has no special limitation on the source of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-zinc-boron compound fertilizer, and the invention can be realized by adopting the commercial products meeting the conditions, such as the macroelement water-soluble fertilizer of Harvey fruit. The spraying of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-zinc-boron compound fertilizer mainly plays a role in promoting flower bud differentiation.
In the invention, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-zinc-boron compound fertilizer is mixed with water according to the mass ratio of 0.010-0.030: 15 and then sprayed when being sprayed; more preferably 0.02: 15.
According to the invention, the flower bud promoting fertilizer comprises 0.3-1 part of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 0.2-0.7 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate; preferably comprises 0.5 part of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 0.4 part of monopotassium phosphate.
In the invention, the application amount of the flower and bud promoting fertilizer is preferably 0.5-1.7 kg per plant, and more preferably 0.9kg per plant.
By integrating the steps, the deformity rate of the citrus fruits can be effectively reduced, the commodity fruit rate of the citrus fruits is improved by more than 25%, and the yield of the citrus fruits can be improved by more than one time. By adopting the method provided by the invention, the soluble solid of the citrus fruit can be effectively improved, the titratable acid content is reduced, and the quality of the citrus fruit is effectively improved.
In order to further promote flower bud differentiation, the present invention preferably further comprises step J: namely, after 10 months, the citrus trees are not watered any more, and the soil is controlled to be in a relatively dry state, namely the water content of the soil is 12-15%.
In the invention, the mode for controlling the soil in a relative drought state is preferably as follows: covering a black film within 2m of the tree disk to prevent water from permeating into the soil around the tree disk, and achieving the relative drought state of the soil by combining no watering.
Preferably, in order to further enhance the tree vigor, the organic fertilizer is applied to the fruit trees in winter to cultivate strong tree vigor and prepare for flowering and fruit bearing in the next year.
The foliage spraying of the invention is to spray the front and back sides of the leaves until liquid drops drip.
In the present invention, the preparation or fertilizer for foliar application in the method is preferably applied using a spraying apparatus.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following embodiments are described in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
500 mu of Majia pomelo orchards planted in 2009 by Jiangxiang hedge pomelo technology Limited are planted in 2016-2017 by adopting the method disclosed by the invention. According to the investigation, before the method is adopted, the yield of the Majia pomelo in the orchard is 1050 kg/mu, the commodity fruit rate (the fruit type is correct) is 60%, the soluble solid content of the fruit is 8.9%, and the titratable acid is 0.72%.
A. In 2016, in winter, the pH value of soil in a Majia pomelo orchard is measured to be 4.8, a base fertilizer is prepared according to 600 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 30 kg/mu of dolomite powder and 30 kg/mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the base fertilizer is buried in the soil to a depth of 10cm after being uniformly mixed. And 3 months in 2017, spreading lime around the tree disc according to the concentration of 30 kg/mu, namely adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.6.
B. Burying boric acid (content 99%, Sichuan Guang agricultural chemical Co., Ltd.) around the tree disc at a rate of 0.15 kg/plant while applying the base fertilizer in step A; and respectively spraying 0.2% boric acid solution to leaf surfaces for 1 time in the bud period and the full-bloom period.
C. Thinning dense vertical branches and crossed branches in the middle of a tree body, thinning dense branches and diseased branches of main branches of the tree body, and controlling the height of the tree body to be 3.4m and the ratio of the height of the tree body to the transverse diameter of a crown to be 1: 0.9.
D. Burying and applying a flower-promoting and tip-promoting fertilizer in the first ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, and spraying a pest control medicine and a flower-promoting nutrient on leaf surfaces.
Wherein the flower and tip promoting fertilizer is mixed according to 0.5kg of urea and 0.8kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per plant and is buried in soil with the depth of 15 cm.
The flower promoting nutritional agent is prepared by dissolving 80g of urea, 80g of monopotassium phosphate, 50g of borax and 10g of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate in 15kg of water and spraying the solution on leaf surfaces.
The pest control medicament is prepared by dissolving 25g of thiophanate methyl, 10g of propargite and 20g of chlorpyrifos in 15kg of water and spraying on leaf surfaces.
E. In the flowering period, leafless flower branches, abnormal flowers and flowers with the flower length less than 2cm are removed, and the ratio of leaves to flowers is controlled to be 2: 1.
Preparing a tree nutrient: 20g of Yiqiangbang, 50g of urea, 10g of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer (the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus pentoxide to potassium oxide is 21:15:8), 40g of boron fertilizer, 920g of Napu and 10g of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate are dissolved in 15kg of water.
Spreading urea around the tree disc at the flowering period of 0.5kg per plant; meanwhile, the tree nutrient is sprayed on the leaf surfaces.
Preparing a plant protective agent: 40g of mancozeb, 15g of kresoxim-methyl, 10g of acetamiprid and 10g of abamectin are dissolved in 15kg of water.
When the flower falls above 2/3, the plant protectant is sprayed on the leaf surface.
F. Introducing bees according to the proportion of introducing 3 bees per 100 mu of orchard just before the pomelo trees enter the flowering period so as to improve the pollination quality.
G. Thinning fruits at the middle stage of the second physiological fruit drop period, thinning the fruits with pests and small fruits with the fruit transverse diameter less than 4mm, and controlling the ratio of leaves to fruits to be 80:1 and the quantity of fruits to be about 70 per plant after thinning the fruits.
Preparing a fruit retention agent: 20g of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 25g of calcium-magnesium-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 10g of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 30g of mancozeb, 10g of avermectin-spirodiclofen missible oil and 15g of cypermethrin are dissolved in 15kg of water.
The fruit retention agent is sprayed on the leaf surface during the second physiological fruit dropping period.
H. And 2.0kg of fruit strengthening fertilizer is buried in each plant during the second physiological fruit dropping period.
Preparing the fruit strengthening fertilizer: potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (NPK 14:20:19)1.2g and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.8g are dissolved in 15kg of water.
At the end of the second physiological fruit drop (in late 7 th month), the trunk or main branch 20cm from the ground is girdled for three circles.
I. Spraying macroelement water-soluble fertilizers of the Harva fruits on leaf surfaces for 8-9 months;
preparing a flower bud promoting fertilizer: 0.5g of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 0.4g of monopotassium phosphate are dissolved in 15kg of water.
And irrigating a flower and bud promoting fertilizer around the tree disc according to 0.9 kg/plant in 9-10 months.
J. And after 10 months, the citrus trees are not watered any more, and a black film is covered within 2m of the tree tray, so that the water content of the soil is kept at 12-15%.
The detection shows that the yield of the orchard in 2017 is 2500 kg/mu, the commodity fruit rate (fruit type is correct) is 89%, the soluble solid content of the fruits is 11.2%, and the titratable acid content is 0.63%.
Example 2
300 mu of Majia pomelo orchard planted in 2009 of Jiangxi Lufeng forestry Limited company is planted in 2016-2017 by adopting the method disclosed by the invention. According to the investigation, before the method is adopted, the yield of the Majia pomelo in the orchard is 1120 kg/mu, the commodity fruit rate (the fruit type is correct) is 62%, the soluble solid content of the fruit is 8.5%, and the titratable acid is 0.75%.
A. In 2016, in winter, the pH value of soil in a Majia pomelo orchard is measured to be 4.6, a base fertilizer is prepared according to 650 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 35 kg/mu of dolomite powder and 35 kg/mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and the base fertilizer is buried in the soil to a depth of 10cm after being uniformly mixed. And 3 months in 2017, spreading lime around the tree disc according to 35 kg/mu, namely, the pH of the soil is 5.5.
B. Burying boric acid (content 99%, Sichuan Guang agricultural chemical Co., Ltd.) around the tree disc at a rate of 0.15 kg/plant while applying the base fertilizer in step A; and respectively spraying 0.2% boric acid solution to leaf surfaces for 1 time in the bud period and the full-bloom period.
C. Thinning dense vertical branches and crossed branches in the middle of a tree body, thinning dense branches and diseased branches of main branches of the tree body, and controlling the height of the tree body to be 3.5m and the ratio of the height of the tree body to the transverse diameter of a crown to be 1: 0.8.
D. Burying and applying a flower-promoting and tip-promoting fertilizer in the first ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months, and spraying a pest control medicine and a flower-promoting nutrient on leaf surfaces.
Wherein the flower and tip promoting fertilizer is mixed according to 0.5kg of urea and 0.8kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per plant and is buried in soil with the depth of 15 cm.
The flower promoting nutritional agent is prepared by dissolving 80g of urea, 80g of monopotassium phosphate, 50g of borax and 10g of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate in 15kg of water and spraying the solution on leaf surfaces.
The pest control medicament is prepared by dissolving 25g of thiophanate methyl, 10g of propargite and 20g of chlorpyrifos in 15kg of water and spraying on leaf surfaces.
E. In the flowering period, leafless flower branches, abnormal flowers and flowers with the flower length less than 2cm are removed, and the ratio of leaves to flowers is controlled to be 2.5: 1.
Preparing a tree nutrient: 20g of Yiqiangbang, 50g of urea, 10g of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer (the mass ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus pentoxide to potassium oxide is 21:15:8), 40g of boron fertilizer, 920g of Napu and 10h of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate are dissolved in 15kg of water.
Spreading urea around the tree disc at the flowering period of 0.5kg per plant; meanwhile, the tree nutrient is sprayed on the leaf surfaces.
Preparing a plant protective agent: 40g of mancozeb, 15g of kresoxim-methyl, 10g of acetamiprid and 10g of abamectin are dissolved in 15kg of water.
When the flower falls above 2/3, the plant protectant is sprayed on the leaf surface.
F. After the fruit trees enter the flowering period, introducing 3 boxes of bees into each 100 mu of orchard.
G. Thinning fruits at the middle stage of the second physiological fruit drop period, thinning the sick fruits, the small fruits with the fruit transverse diameter less than 4mm and the malformed fruits, and controlling the ratio of leaves to fruits to be 80:1 and the number of fruits to be 68 per plant after thinning the fruits.
Preparing a fruit retention agent: 20g of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 25g of calcium-magnesium-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 10g of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 30g of mancozeb, 10g of avermectin-spirodiclofen missible oil and 15g of cypermethrin are dissolved in 15kg of water.
The fruit retention agent is sprayed on the leaf surface during the second physiological fruit dropping period.
H. And 2.0kg of fruit strengthening fertilizer is buried in each plant during the second physiological fruit dropping period.
Preparing the fruit strengthening fertilizer: potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (NPK 14:20:19)1.2g and potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.8g are dissolved in 15kg of water.
At the end of the second physiological fruit drop (in late 7 th month), the trunk or main branch 25cm from the ground is girdled for three circles.
I. Spraying macroelement water-soluble fertilizers of the Harva fruits on leaf surfaces for 8-9 months;
preparing a flower bud promoting fertilizer: 0.5g of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 0.4g of monopotassium phosphate are dissolved in 15kg of water.
And irrigating a flower and bud promoting fertilizer around the tree disc according to 0.9 kg/plant in 9-10 months.
The detection shows that in 2017, the orchard yield is 2320 kg/mu, the commercial fruit rate (fruit type is correct) is 86%, the soluble solid content of the fruits is 10.9%, and the titratable acid content is 0.64%. .
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A method for reducing the fruit teratogenicity of citrus fruit comprising the steps of:
A. adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.5-6.5;
B. burying and applying boron fertilizer in winter to increase boron element in soil; b fertilizer is respectively sprayed on leaf surfaces in the bud period and the full-bloom period in spring, so that the boron element content of the tree body is increased;
C. thinning dense vertical branches and crossed branches in the middle of a tree body in spring, thinning dense branches and diseased branches of a main branch of the tree body, and controlling the height of the tree body to be 3.2-3.8 m and the ratio of the height of the tree body to the transverse diameter of a crown to be 1: 0.7-0.9;
D. before the bud period, burying and applying a flower and tip promoting fertilizer, and spraying a pest control medicament and a flower promoting nutrient on leaf surfaces;
the flower and tip promoting fertilizer comprises 0.1-0.8 part of urea and 0.2-1.5 parts of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer in parts by weight;
the flower promoting nutritional agent comprises, by weight, 40-120 parts of urea, 40-120 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20-80 parts of borax and 2-20 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate;
E. adjusting the nutrition of the tree body in the flowering phase:
thinning out leafless flower branches, deformed flowers and flowers with the flower length less than 2cm in the flowering period, and controlling the ratio of leaves to flowers to be 1.5-3: 1;
spreading urea on the ground, and spraying a tree body nutrient on the leaf surfaces;
the tree nutrient comprises, by weight, 10-40 parts of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 35-70 parts of urea, 10-30 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium water-soluble fertilizer, 20-60 parts of boron fertilizer, 10-50 parts of calcium-magnesium-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer and 6-20 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate;
when the flower falls above 2/3, spraying plant protective agent on the leaf surface;
F. bee is released in the flowering period, so that the pollination quality is improved;
G. controlling physiological fruit drop:
thinning fruits in the middle period of the second physiological fruit drop, wherein the ratio of leaves to fruits is 60-100: 1, the number of fruits is 60-80 per plant, and fruits with diseases, pests and transverse diameters smaller than 4mm and malformed fruits are thinned;
during the second physiological fruit drop period, spraying a fruit retention agent on the leaf surfaces;
the fruit retention agent comprises, by weight, 10-30 parts of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, 15-35 parts of calcium-magnesium-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer, 5-15 parts of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 15-50 parts of mancozeb, 5-20 parts of avermectin-spirodiclofen missible oil and 10-35 parts of cypermethrin;
H. fruit strengthening:
burying and applying fruit strengthening fertilizer during the second physiological fruit dropping period;
the fruit-strengthening fertilizer comprises 1-1.5 parts by weight of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 0.5-1.2 parts by weight of monopotassium phosphate;
girdling the trunk or main branch of the tree at the end of the second physiological fruit drop to increase the content of the carbohydrate in the overground part;
I. and (3) promoting flower bud differentiation:
spraying a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-zinc-boron compound fertilizer on the leaf surfaces of the leaves for 8-9 months;
applying a flower bud division promoting fertilizer from the fruit quality formation period to the flower bud differentiation initial period;
the flower bud forcing and separating fertilizer comprises, by weight, 0.3-1 part of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 0.2-0.7 part of potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
2. The method for reducing the fruit deformity of citrus fruits according to claim 1, wherein in the step a, the pH of the soil is adjusted by burying base fertilizer in winter and spreading lime in spring;
the base fertilizer comprises 500-1000 kg/mu of decomposed organic fertilizer, 20-50 kg/mu of dolomite and 15-50 kg/mu of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.
3. The method for reducing the abnormal rate of the citrus fruits according to claim 1, wherein in the step B, the boron fertilizer is applied in an amount of 0.1-0.2 kg per plant, and the boron fertilizer is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the citrus fruits from the bud period to the full-bloom period of the spring for 1-2 times.
4. The method for reducing the fruit deformity of citrus fruits according to claim 1, wherein in the step D, the flower and tip promoting fertilizer is buried at a rate of 0.8-1.6 kg/plant and a depth of 10-20 cm.
5. The method for reducing the fruit distortion rate of citrus according to claim 1, wherein in the step D, the pest control medicine comprises 10-50 parts by weight of thiophanate methyl, 5-15 parts by weight of propargite and 10-30 parts by weight of chlorpyrifos.
6. The method for reducing the fruit distortion rate of citrus according to claim 1, wherein in the step E, the plant protective agent comprises 20-60 parts by weight of mancozeb, 10-35 parts by weight of kresoxim-methyl, 5-20 parts by weight of acetamiprid and 5-18 parts by weight of abamectin.
7. The method for reducing the fruit distortion rate of citrus according to claim 1, wherein in the step H, the application amount of the strong fruit fertilizer is 1.5-2.7 kg/plant, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is 14:20: 19; the girdling position is a trunk or a main branch which is 10-50 cm away from the ground, and the girdling mode is to girdling around the tree body for 3 circles.
8. The method for reducing the fruit teratogenicity of citrus according to claim 1, wherein in step I, the amount of the flower bud forcing fertilizer applied is 0.5-1.7 kg/plant.
9. A method of reducing the rate of citrus fruit set according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein the method further comprises step J: and (5) not watering any more after 10 months, and controlling the water content of the soil to be 12-15%.
10. The method for reducing the abnormal rate of the citrus fruits according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the foliar application is carried out by spraying the foliar surface forward and backward until liquid drops are dropped.
CN201810705471.0A 2018-07-02 2018-07-02 Method for reducing abnormal rate of citrus fruits Expired - Fee Related CN108781978B (en)

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