CN108781670B - Open double row transverse intelligent sugarcane planter of seed cutting formula in advance - Google Patents
Open double row transverse intelligent sugarcane planter of seed cutting formula in advance Download PDFInfo
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- CN108781670B CN108781670B CN201810797419.2A CN201810797419A CN108781670B CN 108781670 B CN108781670 B CN 108781670B CN 201810797419 A CN201810797419 A CN 201810797419A CN 108781670 B CN108781670 B CN 108781670B
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- seed
- conveying chain
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- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- YTPMCWYIRHLEGM-BQYQJAHWSA-N 1-[(e)-2-propylsulfonylethenyl]sulfonylpropane Chemical compound CCCS(=O)(=O)\C=C\S(=O)(=O)CCC YTPMCWYIRHLEGM-BQYQJAHWSA-N 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 115
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 29
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C14/00—Methods or apparatus for planting not provided for in other groups of this subclass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
- A01C15/16—Fertiliser distributors with means for pushing out the fertiliser, e.g. by a roller
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/062—Devices for making drills or furrows
- A01C5/064—Devices for making drills or furrows with rotating tools
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C5/00—Making or covering furrows or holes for sowing, planting or manuring
- A01C5/06—Machines for making or covering drills or furrows for sowing or planting
- A01C5/066—Devices for covering drills or furrows
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M21/00—Apparatus for the destruction of unwanted vegetation, e.g. weeds
- A01M21/04—Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity
- A01M21/043—Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity by chemicals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M7/00—Special adaptations or arrangements of liquid-spraying apparatus for purposes covered by this subclass
- A01M7/0025—Mechanical sprayers
- A01M7/0032—Pressure sprayers
- A01M7/0042—Field sprayers, e.g. self-propelled, drawn or tractor-mounted
Abstract
The invention discloses a pre-seed cutting type open double-row transverse intelligent sugarcane planter, which comprises: the walking mechanism comprises a frame, a land wheel and a depth adjusting auxiliary wheel set, wherein the depth adjusting auxiliary wheel set is positioned behind the land wheel, the depth adjusting auxiliary wheel set comprises a supporting rod, an auxiliary wheel bracket and an auxiliary wheel, the upper end of the supporting rod is rotatably arranged on the frame, and the auxiliary wheel is arranged at the lower end of the supporting rod in a height-adjustable manner through the auxiliary wheel bracket; and at least one planting device, wherein each planting device is arranged on the travelling mechanism and comprises a ditching mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a seeder, a soil covering mechanism and a pesticide spraying mechanism from front to back. The sugarcane planter provided by the invention integrates ditching, fertilizing, seeding, earthing and pesticide spraying, can be used for multi-row planting at the same time, is used for transverse seeding and uniform in seeding, improves the germination rate and the planting efficiency, and is especially suitable for large-area sugarcane planting operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural machinery, in particular to a pre-cut seed type open double-row transverse intelligent sugarcane planter.
Background
Sugar cane is an important sugar crop in China as a main sugar manufacturing raw material, and most of planting modes of the sugar cane are mechanical manual on-site cutting planting. But the following problems are common: the sugarcane seeds which are bent in opposite directions are not easy to feed, and the main sugarcane areas in China are bent mostly due to serious wind damage; if the sugarcane tips are used as sugarcane seeds, the sugarcane seeds are short and have low work efficiency, and the using effect is affected; the bud injury rate is high, and sugarcane seeds are inevitably cut due to random cutting; the uneven speed of the workers feeding the sugarcane easily causes the phenomenon of miss seeding or excessive seeding, and the sugarcane is planted unevenly and has low planting efficiency, so that the popularization and the application are difficult.
The agricultural reclamation system in China began to introduce overseas complete sugarcane production machines (mainly in the U.S. and australia) in the nineties of the last century, and the overseas sugarcane planting machines had the following common problems for the relatively rough environmental conditions and current situations in China: the machine type is large, the bearing pressure of the land wheel is large, and the land wheel is easy to sink into soil during operation, so that the sugarcane planter cannot work normally; the foreign sugarcane planter belongs to traction type, the turning radius is large (more than 6 m), and the area of the field land which needs to be planted manually is large; the miss-seeding rate and the bud injury rate are high. The planting mode of the sugarcane planter sold in the market at present is longitudinal planting, the ventilation of the sugarcane is poor, the miss-seeding rate and the bud injury rate are high, and the agricultural requirements are not met; the existing sugarcane planter is used for planting in a single row and cannot plant in multiple rows at the same time, so that the planting efficiency of sugarcane is low, and the requirement of large-area sugarcane planting operation cannot be met. In order to meet the agronomic requirements and combine the planting of improved sugarcane seeds by a fine method, a sugarcane planter with a transverse planting mode needs to be designed. The method is suitable for transverse sugarcane planting, realizes uniform seed distribution, avoids various seed leakage, and is a technical problem in the field.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pre-cut type open double-row transverse intelligent sugarcane planter, so that the defects that the turning radius of the existing sugarcane planter is large, land wheels are easy to sink deeply, the planting efficiency is low and the requirement of large-area sugarcane planting operation cannot be met are overcome.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a pre-cut seed type open double-row transverse intelligent sugarcane planter, comprising: the walking mechanism comprises a frame, a land wheel and a depth adjusting auxiliary wheel set, wherein the depth adjusting auxiliary wheel set is positioned behind the land wheel, the depth adjusting auxiliary wheel set comprises a supporting rod, an auxiliary wheel bracket and an auxiliary wheel, the upper end of the supporting rod is rotatably arranged on the frame, and the auxiliary wheel is arranged at the lower end of the supporting rod in a height-adjustable manner through the auxiliary wheel bracket; and at least one planting device, each planting device is arranged on the travelling mechanism, each planting device comprises a ditching mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a seeder, a covering mechanism and a pesticide spraying mechanism, the seeder is positioned at the rear of the ditching mechanism, the fertilizing mechanism is positioned between the ditching mechanism and the seeder, the covering mechanism is positioned at the rear of the seeder, and the pesticide spraying mechanism is positioned at the rear of the covering mechanism.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the ditching mechanism includes: the ditching bracket is arranged on the travelling mechanism; one end of the upper swing arm is hinged to the ditching bracket in a manner of being capable of swinging up and down; the upper swing arm is driven to swing up and down through an upper swing mechanism; the upper end of the lower swing arm is hinged to the other end of the upper swing arm in a mode of being capable of swinging back and forth; the lower swing arm swings back and forth driven by a lower swing mechanism; the ditching cutter body is rotatably arranged at the lower end of the lower swing arm and is driven to rotate by a ditching driving mechanism; and the ditching plow is erected on the lower swing arm and is positioned at the rear of the ditching cutter body.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the seeder includes: the sowing bracket is arranged on the travelling mechanism; the sugarcane collecting box is arranged at the front part of the seeding bracket; the first conveying chain is arranged on the upper part of the seeding bracket and is positioned at the rear of the sugarcane collecting box, the front part of the first conveying chain is positioned in the sugarcane collecting box and is inclined upwards from front to rear, the rear part of the first conveying chain is horizontally distributed, and a plurality of seed taking grooves are arranged on the first conveying chain at equal intervals; the sugarcane pulling device is arranged at the top of the sugarcane collecting box and can pull redundant sugarcane seeds in the seed taking groove of the first conveying chain back into the sugarcane collecting box; and the second conveying chain is arranged at the lower part of the seeding bracket and positioned below the first conveying chain, the second conveying chain is inclined upwards from front to back, and a plurality of seed taking grooves are also arranged on the second conveying chain at equal intervals.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the sugarcane pulling device includes a sugarcane pulling rod and a baffle, where the sugarcane pulling rod is transversely installed at the top of the sugarcane collecting box and is located above and behind the front part of the first conveying chain; one end of the baffle is connected with the sugarcane poking rod in a rotatable mode, a sugarcane poking pressure spring is arranged between the baffle and the sugarcane poking rod, and a scraping prevention film is arranged at the other end of the baffle.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the seeder further includes a reseeding device, and the reseeding device includes: the sugarcane seed detection device is erected above the rear part of the first conveying chain and is used for detecting whether sugarcane seeds are in the seed taking groove on the first conveying chain passing through the lower part of the sugarcane seed detection device; the sugarcane supplementing box is erected above the rear part of the first conveying chain, a sugarcane outlet at the lower end of the sugarcane supplementing box corresponds to the seed taking groove of the first conveying chain, and the sugarcane supplementing box is positioned behind the sugarcane seed detecting device; the harrow roller is rotatably arranged at the sugarcane outlet of the sugarcane supplementing box and is driven to rotate by a sugarcane harrowing mechanism; the harrow roller is uniformly provided with a plurality of harrow plates along the circumferential direction; when the harrow roller rotates, sugarcane seeds in the sugarcane supplementing box can be harrowed downwards one by one through the harrow plate.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the fertilizing mechanism includes: the fertilization bracket is arranged on the travelling mechanism; a fertilizer box arranged on the fertilizer bracket; and a fertilizer unit provided on the fertilizer stand, the fertilizer unit including: the fertilizer feeding groove is arranged on the fertilizer applying bracket, and a feed box outlet is arranged at the lower end of the fertilizer box above one end of the fertilizer feeding groove; the other end of the fertilizer feeding groove is provided with a fertilizer outlet; the feeding rotating shaft is rotatably arranged in the fertilizer feeding groove and is driven to rotate by a feeding driving mechanism; the feeding rotating shaft is provided with a spiral blade; and the material baffle plate is arranged at a position on the fertilizer feeding groove corresponding to the fertilizer outlet, and the material baffle plate is driven by a material baffle driving mechanism to intermittently open and close the fertilizer outlet.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the baffle plate is connected to form a V shape through a first side plate and a second side plate, and a corner of the baffle plate is rotatably disposed on the fertilizer feeding groove through a baffle rotating shaft; the material blocking driving mechanism comprises: the spring is arranged between the baffle plate and the fertilizer feeding groove; the camshaft is rotatably arranged on the fertilizer feeding groove and is driven to rotate by a camshaft rotating mechanism; the first side plate of the striker plate is used for controlling the opening and closing of the fertilization outlet, and the second side plate is propped against the cam part of the cam shaft; the cam shaft intermittently lifts the cam portion against the second side plate by continuously rotating; when the cam part does not jack up the second side plate, the spring enables the first side plate to be in a position for closing the fertilization outlet; when the cam portion jacks up the second side plate, the first side plate is located at a position for opening the fertilization outlet.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the number of the planting devices is two, and the two planting devices are distributed symmetrically.
Preferably, in the above technical solution, the plant cultivation device further comprises a platform material device, the platform material device comprises a movable platform plate and a working platform plate, the two movable platform plates are detachably mounted on the left side and the right side of the frame respectively and incline upwards from front to back, and the working platform plate is mounted on the frame and located between the two planting devices.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the travel mechanism of the sugarcane planter is provided with the depth-adjusting auxiliary wheel set, so that the bearing pressure of the land wheel is reduced, the land wheel is prevented from sinking deep, the normal operation of the sugarcane planter is ensured, and the depth-adjusting auxiliary wheel set can rotate 360 degrees in the vertical direction so as to reduce the turning radius of the sugarcane planter; the sugarcane planter comprises at least one planting device, and can plant in one row or multiple rows simultaneously, so that the planting efficiency is improved; the sugarcane planter integrates ditching, fertilizing, seeding, earthing and pesticide spraying, greatly reduces the labor intensity, saves sugarcane seeds, accurately plants, improves the germination rate, reduces the labor force and the production cost, and is particularly suitable for large-area sugarcane planting operation.
2. The planting device comprises the ditching mechanism, so that sugarcane seeds can be planted while ditching is facilitated, and the planting device is simple in structure and convenient to assemble and disassemble; moreover, the ditching mechanism can completely lift the ditching cutter body and the ditching plow through the swing of the upper swing arm and the lower swing arm so as to facilitate the turning of the sugarcane planter in the field, greatly improve the working efficiency, and can adjust the soil-entering angle and depth of the ditching cutter body so as to meet different operation requirements, in particular to meet the operation requirements of transverse deep planting and shallow burying of sugarcane, and the ditching mechanism is good in flexibility and applicability.
3. The first conveying chain and the second conveying chain of the seeder are provided with the plurality of seed taking grooves at equal intervals, so that the transverse uniform interval seed distribution of sugarcane seeds can be realized, ventilation of sugarcane forests is facilitated, and the agricultural requirements are met; each seed taking groove can only hold one sugarcane seed, a plurality of sugarcane seeds can exist in the seed taking groove in the process of lifting the sugarcane seeds in the sugarcane collecting box upwards by the first conveying chain, most of the redundant sugarcane seeds fall back to the sugarcane collecting box under the action of gravity, and a small part of the redundant sugarcane seeds are pulled back to the sugarcane collecting box by the sugarcane pulling device, so that only one sugarcane seed exists in each seed taking groove, and multiple types are avoided; the corresponding seed taking groove on the second conveying chain can catch sugarcane seeds conveyed from the first conveying chain and transport the sugarcane seeds downwards, so that the low position of the sugarcane seeds is ensured to fall into a planting ditch on the ground, the falling potential energy is reduced, and the direction consistency of the sugarcane seeds is maintained.
4. The seed supplementing device is arranged above the rear part of the first conveying chain, the seed supplementing device detects whether the seed of the sugarcane in the seed taking groove on the first conveying chain exists or not in real time through the seed sugarcane detecting device, when no seed of the sugarcane in the seed taking groove is detected, the seed raking mechanism drives the harrow roller to rotate a certain angle when the empty seed taking groove moves to the position below a sugarcane outlet of the seed supplementing box, so that one seed of the sugarcane is raked into the seed taking groove corresponding to the empty seed taking groove, the function of timely supplementing seeds is achieved, the purpose of dynamically, timely and accurately supplementing seeds can be achieved, and the phenomenon of miss seeding is avoided.
5. After the fertilizer in the fertilizer box of the fertilizer mechanism falls into the fertilizer feeding groove, the fertilizer is uniformly and continuously conveyed to the fertilizer outlet through the spiral blade, and then the fertilizer outlet is intermittently opened and closed through the baffle plate, so that uniform and intermittent fertilization can be realized.
6. The fertilizing mechanism is matched with the V-shaped baffle plate through the cam part and the spring on the cam shaft, so that continuous rotation of the cam shaft can be converted into intermittent jacking and resetting of the second side plate of the baffle plate, and the first side plate can intermittently open and close the fertilizing outlet of the fertilizer feeding groove.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a pre-cut open double row transverse intelligent sugarcane planter according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a right-hand schematic view of the internal structure of fig. 1 according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of fig. 1 in accordance with the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic perspective view of a connection of two ditching mechanisms according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a single ditching mechanism in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of a fertilizer apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view showing the positional relationship between a fertilizer feed tank and a fertilizer box of the fertilizer mechanism according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of a striker plate of the fertilizer mechanism according to the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic perspective view of a camshaft of the fertilizer mechanism according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 is a schematic perspective view of a seeder according to the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a schematic perspective view of a sugarcane collecting box of the planter according to the present invention.
Fig. 12 is a schematic perspective view of a sugarcane pulling device of the planter according to the present invention.
Fig. 13 is a schematic perspective view of a first conveyor chain of the planter according to the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a schematic perspective view of a second conveyor chain of the planter according to the present invention.
Fig. 15 is a schematic perspective view of a reversing gear box of the planter in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 16 is a schematic perspective view of a seed taking groove of the seeder according to the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a schematic perspective view of a seed reseeding device mounted on a planter in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 18 is a simplified structural schematic diagram of a sugarcane feeding device erected above the rear portion of the first conveying chain of the seeder according to the present invention.
FIG. 19 is a schematic perspective view showing a sugarcane seed detecting device and a sugarcane feeding box provided on the same frame body in the sugarcane feeding device according to the present invention.
Fig. 20 is a schematic perspective view of a sugarcane feeding box of the sugarcane feeding device according to the present invention.
Fig. 21 is a schematic perspective view of a depth-adjusting auxiliary wheel set according to the present invention.
Fig. 22 is a schematic perspective view of the soil covering mechanism according to the present invention.
The main reference numerals illustrate:
1-a frame, 2-a speed change transmission mechanism, 21-a speed change gearbox, 22-a transmission shaft, 3-a ditching mechanism, 301-a first pin shaft, 302-an upper hydraulic cylinder, 303-an upper swing arm, 304-a second pin shaft, 305-a lower hydraulic cylinder, 306-a lower swing arm, 307-a plow plate, 308-a ditching knife, 309-a ditching cutter head, 310-a frame body, 311-a cutter head rotating shaft, 4-a fertilizing mechanism, 401-a fertilizing bracket, 402-a fertilizer box, 403-a fertilizer feeding groove, 404-a box outlet, 405-a fertilizing outlet, 406-a feeding rotating shaft, 407-a spiral blade, 408-a baffle plate, 409-a spring, 410-a cam shaft, 411-a cam part, 412-a first sprocket, 413-driving chain, 414-second chain wheel, 415-third chain wheel, 416-first side plate, 417-second side plate, 5-seeder, 51-sugarcane collecting box, 52-sugarcane pulling device, 53-first conveying chain, 54-second conveying chain, 55-seeding support, 56-reversing gear box, 6-land wheel, 7-depth adjusting auxiliary wheel set, 71-central rotating shaft, 72-sleeve support, 73-supporting rod, 74-third pin, 75-depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder, 76-fourth pin, 77-fifth pin, 78-auxiliary wheel support, 79-auxiliary wheel, 8-earthing mechanism, 9-reseeding device, 10-movable platform plate, 11-sugarcane seed box and 12-pesticide spraying mechanism.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is, therefore, to be taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the scope of the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.
Throughout the specification and claims, unless explicitly stated otherwise, the term "comprise" or variations thereof such as "comprises" or "comprising", etc. will be understood to include the stated element or component without excluding other elements or components.
Fig. 1 to 22 show a schematic structural view of a pre-cut seed type open double row transversal intelligent sugarcane planter according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, comprising a travelling mechanism and at least one planting device. Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the travelling mechanism comprises a frame 1, a land wheel 6 and a depth adjusting auxiliary wheel set 7, wherein the depth adjusting auxiliary wheel set 7 is positioned at the rear of the land wheel 6 and is used for relieving the pressure born by the land wheel 6, preventing the land wheel 6 from sinking deep and ensuring the normal operation of the sugarcane planter. Referring to fig. 21, the depth adjusting auxiliary wheel set 7 includes a support bar 73, an auxiliary wheel bracket 78 and an auxiliary wheel 79, the auxiliary wheel 79 is installed at the lower end of the auxiliary wheel bracket 78, the middle part of the auxiliary wheel bracket 78 is hinged with the lower end of the support bar 73 through a fifth pin shaft 77, and the auxiliary wheel bracket 78 is driven to swing up and down through an auxiliary wheel driving mechanism so as to adjust the height of the auxiliary wheel 79. The auxiliary wheel driving mechanism may be a depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder 75, the upper end of the depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder 75 is hinged to the upper end of the supporting rod 73 through a third pin 74, the lower end of the depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder 75 is hinged to the upper end of the auxiliary wheel bracket 78 through a fourth pin 76, and the height of the auxiliary wheel 79 can be adjusted by adjusting the stroke of the depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder 75. In order to better adjust the height of the auxiliary wheel 79, a cross bar is provided at the upper end of the support bar 73, one end of the cross bar is vertically connected with the support bar 73, the other end of the cross bar is hinged to the upper end of the depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder 75 through a third pin 74, and the lower end of the depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder 75 is hinged to the upper end of the auxiliary wheel bracket 78 through a fourth pin 76. The upper end of bracing piece 73 is connected with the lower extreme of a central pivot 71, and sleeve support 72 is fixed on frame 1, and the upper and lower both ends of sleeve support 72 all are provided with a bearing, and central pivot 71 from bottom to top overlaps into sleeve support 72 to fasten through locknut, so that auxiliary wheel 79 can rotate round sleeve support 72, reduce the turning radius of sugarcane planter, and then reduce the area that the two needs manual work cooperation to plant of sugarcane planting ground. Each planting device is arranged on the traveling mechanism, and each planting device comprises a ditching mechanism 3, a fertilizing mechanism 4, a seeder 5, a covering mechanism 8 and a pesticide spraying mechanism 12, wherein the seeder 5 is positioned at the rear of the ditching mechanism 3, the fertilizing mechanism 4 is positioned between the ditching mechanism 3 and the seeder 5, the covering mechanism 8 is positioned at the rear of the seeder 5, and the pesticide spraying mechanism 12 is positioned at the rear of the covering mechanism 8. The sugarcane planter comprises at least one planting device, and can plant in one row or multiple rows simultaneously, so that the planting efficiency is improved; the sugarcane planter integrates ditching, fertilizing, seeding, earthing and pesticide spraying, greatly reduces the labor intensity, saves sugarcane seeds, accurately plants, improves the germination rate, reduces the labor force and the production cost, and is particularly suitable for large-area sugarcane planting operation.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the ditching mechanism 3 preferably includes a ditching bracket, an upper swing arm 303, a lower swing arm 306, a ditching blade body, and a ditching plow. The ditching support is mounted on the walking mechanism, one end of the upper swing arm 303 is hinged on the ditching support in a manner of being capable of swinging up and down, and the upper swing arm 303 swings up and down driven by an upper swing mechanism. The upper end of the lower swing arm 306 is hinged to the other end of the upper swing arm 303 in a manner of being capable of swinging back and forth, the lower swing arm 306 swings back and forth driven by a lower swing mechanism, and the upper swing arm 303 and the lower swing arm 306 form the ditching mechanism 3. Preferably, the upper swing mechanism is an upper hydraulic cylinder 302, one end of the upper hydraulic cylinder 302 is hinged on the ditching bracket, and the other end of the upper hydraulic cylinder 302 is hinged on a hinged seat on the top surface of the middle part of the upper swing arm 303; alternatively, one end of the upper hydraulic cylinder 302 is hinged to the ditching support through a first pin 301, and the other end of the upper hydraulic cylinder 302 is hinged to the lower end of the upper swing arm 303 through a second pin 304. The upper swing arm 303 and the upper hydraulic cylinder 302 of the ditching mechanism 3 are hinged on the ditching support and can be detached, so that the ditching mechanism is convenient to disassemble and assemble and flexible to use. Preferably, the lower swing mechanism is a lower hydraulic cylinder 305, one end of the lower hydraulic cylinder 305 is hinged on a hinge seat on the bottom surface of the middle part of the upper swing arm 303, and the other end of the lower hydraulic cylinder 305 is hinged on a hinge seat in front of the middle part of the lower swing arm 306.
With continued reference to fig. 4 and 5, a trenching blade is rotatably disposed at the lower end of the lower swing arm 306, the trenching blade being driven to rotate by a trenching drive mechanism. The soil penetration depth and the soil penetration cutting angle of the ditching cutter body can be adjusted by the swing of the upper swing arm 303 and the lower swing arm 306, the positions of the upper swing arm 303 and the lower swing arm 306 are respectively controlled through the upper hydraulic cylinder 302 and the lower hydraulic cylinder 305, and the stability of the ditching mechanism 3 during ditching can be enhanced. Preferably, the ditching cutter body comprises a cutter head rotating shaft 311, a ditching cutter head 309 and a ditching cutter 308, wherein the cutter head rotating shaft 311 is arranged at the lower end of the lower swing arm 306, and the ditching driving mechanism is connected with the cutter head rotating shaft 311. The left end and the right end of the cutter rotating shaft 311 are respectively provided with a ditching cutter head 309, each ditching cutter head 309 is provided with a plurality of ditching cutters 308 along the circumferential direction, the ditching cutters 308 can be divided into left and right curved cutters and straight cutters, are connected with the ditching cutter heads 309 through bolts, and are uniformly staggered with ditching sections along the circumferential direction. The ditching driving mechanism drives the cutter head rotating shaft 311 to rotate, so that two ditching cutter heads 309 can be simultaneously driven to rotate, and ditching operation is performed. The cutter discs 309 with different diameters can be selected according to the requirements of the ditching depth so as to ensure that the ditching depth can meet the conditions. The ditching driving mechanism can be a chain transmission mechanism connected with a power source of the travelling mechanism. The upper swing arm 303 may include an upper left plate body and an upper right plate body, the edges of the upper left plate body and the upper right plate body are attached to each other to contain an inner cavity, the upper left plate body and the upper right plate body are fixed by bolts, the lower swing arm 306 may include a lower left plate body and a lower right plate body, the lower left plate body and the lower right plate body are attached to each other to contain an inner cavity, and the lower left plate body and the lower right plate body are fixed by bolts, so that soil is prevented from flying into the inner cavities of the upper swing arm 303 and the lower swing arm 306, and a chain and a sprocket of the chain transmission mechanism may be arranged in the inner cavities of the upper swing arm 303 and the lower swing arm 306.
With continued reference to fig. 4 and 5, a furrow plow is mounted on the lower swing arm 306, the furrow plow being located behind the furrow blade body. The ditching plow is used for cleaning broken soil in ditches after ditching. Preferably, the ditching plow comprises a frame 310 and plow plates 307, the frame 310 is arranged on the lower swing arm 306, two plow plates 307 are arranged at the lower end of the frame 310, the two plow plates 307 are distributed in an eight shape with small front and big back, and in the process of ditching while advancing, the two plow plates 307 can dial the crushed soil in the ditches to two sides. Further preferably, the plow plates 307 are L-shaped, and the clamping openings of the two plow plates 307 are distributed in opposite directions, so that the effect of cleaning the crushed soil can be improved.
The ditching mechanism 3 comprises the following concrete implementation operation steps: firstly, the ditching cutter head 309 drives the ditching cutter 308 to rotate, and the travelling mechanism moves forwards; then, the upper hydraulic cylinder 302 is extended, the upper swing arm 303 is rotated downwards, and the ditching blade 308 gradually approaches the ground; finally, the lower hydraulic cylinder 305 is extended, the lower swing arm 306 is rotated backwards, the angle of the ditching cutter 308 for cutting into the soil is adjusted, and the ditching cutter 308 can be ensured to cut into the soil vertically; according to the requirement of the ditching depth, the elongation of the upper and lower hydraulic cylinders 305 is continuously adjusted so as to meet the requirement, and further, the operation quality is ensured; after the ditching knife 308 enters the soil to cut the soil, a planting ditch can be opened, and the plow plate 307 cleans out the broken soil in the planting ditch.
The ditching mechanism 3 is of a modularized design, can be installed on the travelling mechanism for use, and is integrated with the sugarcane planter in an assembled mode, so that sugarcane seeds can be planted while ditching is facilitated, and the ditching mechanism is simple in structure and convenient to assemble and disassemble. Moreover, the ditching mechanism 3 can completely lift the ditching cutter body and the ditching plow through the swing of the upper swing arm 303 and the lower swing arm 306 so as to facilitate the turning of the planter in the field, greatly improve the working efficiency, and can adjust the soil-entering angle and depth of the ditching cutter body so as to meet different operation requirements, in particular to meet the operation requirements of transverse deep planting and shallow burying of sugarcane, and the ditching mechanism has good flexibility and applicability.
Referring to fig. 10 to 20, a seeder 5 is mounted on the travelling mechanism and located behind the ditching mechanism 3, the seeder including a seeding support 55, a sugarcane collecting box 51, a first conveyor chain 53, a sugarcane pulling device 52 and a second conveyor chain 54. Referring to fig. 10, a seeding support 55 is mounted on the travelling mechanism and is located at the rear of the ditching mechanism 3, a sugarcane collecting box 51 is mounted at the front of the seeding support 55 and is located at the middle upper part of the seeding support 55, and pre-cut sugarcane seeds can be stored in the sugarcane collecting box 51. The first conveying chain 53 is installed on the upper portion of the seeding support 55 and is located behind the sugarcane collecting box 51, the front portion of the first conveying chain 53 is located in the sugarcane collecting box 51 and is inclined upwards from front to back, the rear portion of the first conveying chain 53 is horizontally distributed, and a plurality of seed taking grooves 533 are formed in the first conveying chain 53 at equal intervals so as to achieve transverse uniform seed distribution of sugarcane seeds. The length of the inner cavity of the seed taking groove 533 is set according to the length of sugarcane seeds, and the length of the sugarcane seeds is determined by the width of a planting ditch excavated on the ground by a sugarcane planter; the width of the inner cavity of the seed taking groove 533 is set according to the diameter of a single sugarcane, so that each seed taking groove 533 can only store one sugarcane seed. Referring to fig. 13, preferably, the first conveyor chain 53 includes two first chain groups, each of which includes a fourth sprocket 532, a fifth sprocket 534, a sixth sprocket 537, and a first chain 536, the fourth, fifth, and sixth sprockets 532, 534, 537 being distributed in a "delta" shape, the fifth sprocket 534 being located above and rearward of the fourth sprocket 532, the sixth sprocket 537 being located directly rearward of the fifth sprocket 534, and the first chain 536 being wound around the fourth, fifth, and sixth sprockets 532, 534, 537, the entirety being in a delta shape; the two first chain groups are distributed oppositely left and right, the left end of the seed taking groove 533 on the first conveying chain 53 is connected with the first chain 536 of the first chain group on the left side, and the right end of the seed taking groove 533 on the first conveying chain 53 is connected with the first chain 536 of the first chain group on the right side. The fourth sprockets 532 of the two first chain groups are connected by the first driving shaft 531, the fifth sprockets 534 of the two first chain groups are connected by the first driven shaft 535, the sixth sprockets 537 of the two first chain groups are connected by the second driven shaft 538, and both ends of the first driving shaft 531, both ends of the first driven shaft 535 and both ends of the second driven shaft 538 are connected with bearing blocks 539 and mounted on the seeding bracket 55 by the bearing blocks 539. The first conveying chain 53 can drive the first conveying chain to rotate backwards through the conveying chain driving mechanism, the seed taking grooves 533 in the front part of the first conveying chain can lift sugarcane seeds in the sugarcane collecting box 51 upwards one by one, the sugarcane seeds are conveyed backwards through the horizontal section at the top of the first conveying chain, the top horizontal section is convenient for detecting whether the seed taking grooves 533 are filled with the sugarcane seeds or not, if no sugarcane seeds exist in the seed taking grooves 533, the sugarcane seeds can be added manually or mechanically, the sugarcane seeds in each seed taking groove 533 are ensured, the phenomenon of seed leakage is avoided, and the transverse uniform seed distribution is realized.
Referring to fig. 11, the rear side of the sugarcane collecting bin 51 is preferably provided with an opening corresponding to the front of the first conveyor chain 53. The sugarcane collecting box 51 comprises a first left side plate 511, a first right side plate 514, a first front side plate 512 and a first bottom plate 513, wherein the left end of the first front side plate 512 is connected with the front end of the first left side plate 511, the right end of the first front side plate 512 is connected with the front end of the first right side plate 514, and the first front side plate 512 is inclined downwards from front to back; the front end of the first bottom plate 513 is connected to the lower end of the first front side plate 512, the left end of the first bottom plate 513 is connected to the front end of the first left side plate 511, the right end of the first bottom plate 513 is connected to the front end of the first right side plate 514, and the first bottom plate 513 is inclined downward from front to rear; the rear end of the first left side plate 511 and the rear end of the first right side plate 514 are both inclined upward from front to rear. The opening at the rear side of the sugarcane collecting box 51 corresponds to the front part of the first conveying chain 53, so that the front part of the first conveying chain 53 can close the opening at the rear side of the sugarcane collecting box 51, and sugarcane seeds are prevented from falling from the opening at the rear side of the sugarcane collecting box 51. The cross section of the inner cavity of the sugarcane collecting box 51 is V-shaped when seen from left to right, which is beneficial to discharging sugarcane seeds.
Referring to fig. 10, the sugarcane pulling device 52 is installed at the top of the sugarcane collecting box 51, in the process that the front inclined section of the first conveying chain 53 lifts sugarcane seeds in the sugarcane collecting box 51 upwards, more than one sugarcane seed in the seed taking groove 533 may be obtained, because the front part of the first conveying chain 53 is inclined upwards from front to back, most of the redundant sugarcane seeds fall back into the sugarcane collecting box 51 under the action of gravity, and a small part of the redundant sugarcane seeds still cannot fall back into the sugarcane collecting box 51 under the action of gravity, so that the sugarcane pulling device 52 is required to pull the redundant sugarcane seeds back into the sugarcane collecting box 51, and only one sugarcane seed in each seed taking groove 533 is ensured. Referring to fig. 12, preferably, the sugarcane stirring device 52 includes a sugarcane stirring rod 521 and a sugarcane blocking plate 523, one end of the sugarcane blocking plate 523 is rotatably connected with the sugarcane stirring rod 521, and a sugarcane stirring pressure spring 522 is disposed between the sugarcane blocking plate 523 and the sugarcane stirring rod 521, and when the sugarcane blocking plate 523 is subjected to an external force, the sugarcane blocking plate 523 can elastically swing around the sugarcane stirring rod 521 to avoid damaging sugarcane seeds. The other end of the sugarcane blocking plate 523 is provided with a scraping prevention film 524, and the scraping prevention film 524 is slightly bent downwards to form a sugarcane blocking curved surface so as to better stir sugarcane seeds and avoid scratching the sugarcane seeds. The sugarcane pulling rod 521 is transversely arranged at the top of the sugarcane collecting box 51 and is positioned above the rear of the front inclined section of the first conveying chain 53, namely, one end of the sugarcane pulling rod 521 is fixed on the first left side plate 511 of the sugarcane collecting box 51 through a bolt, the other end of the sugarcane pulling rod 521 is fixed on the first right side plate 514 of the sugarcane collecting box 51 through a bolt, one end of the sugarcane blocking plate 523 with the scraping prevention film 524 is positioned above the seed taking groove 533 of the first conveying chain 53, the distance between the scraping prevention film 524 and the seed taking groove 533 on the front part of the first conveying chain 53 passing below the scraping prevention film 524 is larger than the diameter of one sugarcane seed and smaller than the diameter of two sugarcane seeds, and when more than one sugarcane seed is in the seed taking groove 533 passing below the scraping prevention film 524, the redundant sugarcane seeds are pulled back into the sugarcane collecting box 51, so that only one sugarcane seed is finally in the seed taking groove 533 is ensured, and the phenomenon of sugarcane seed multicasting is avoided, and the sugarcane seeds are saved.
With continued reference to fig. 10, the second conveyor chain 54 is mounted on the lower portion of the seeding support 55 below the first conveyor chain 53, the second conveyor chain 54 is inclined upward from front to rear, and a plurality of seed-taking grooves 533 are also provided on the second conveyor chain 54 at equal intervals. During installation, the relative positions of the seed taking grooves 533 on the second conveying chain 54 and the seed taking grooves 533 on the first conveying chain 53 are adjusted, and the rear end of the second conveying chain 54 is located right below the rear end of the first conveying chain 53, so that when the second conveying chain 54 rotates forwards, each seed taking groove 533 on the second conveying chain 54 can be filled with sugarcane seeds conveyed from the first conveying chain 53 and conveys the sugarcane seeds downwards until the sugarcane seeds are planted in the planting grooves, and the sowing process is completed. Referring to fig. 14, the second conveyor chain 54 preferably includes two second chain groups, each of which includes a seventh sprocket 543, an eighth sprocket 545, and a second chain 541, the eighth sprocket 545 being located rearward and upward of the seventh sprocket 543, and the second chain 541 being wound around the seventh sprocket 543 and the eighth sprocket 545; the two second chain groups are distributed oppositely left and right, the left end of the seed taking groove 533 on the second conveying chain 54 is connected with the second chain 541 of the second chain group on the left side, and the right end of the seed taking groove 533 on the second conveying chain 54 is connected with the second chain 541 of the second chain group on the right side. The eighth sprockets 545 of the two second chain groups are connected by the second driving shaft 544, the seventh sprockets 543 of the two second chain groups are connected by the third driven shaft 542, and both ends of the second driving shaft 544 and both ends of the third driven shaft 542 are connected with bearing blocks 539 and mounted on the seeding bracket 55 by the bearing blocks 539. The second conveying chain 54 can drive the second conveying chain to rotate forwards through the conveying chain driving mechanism, sugarcane seeds conveyed from the first conveying chain 53 are conveyed downwards, the lower positions of the sugarcane seeds are guaranteed to fall into planting grooves on the ground, falling potential energy is reduced, and the direction consistency of the sugarcane seeds is maintained.
Referring to fig. 16, preferably, the cross section of the inner cavity of the seed taking groove 533 along the front-back direction is in a trapezoid shape with a large upper part and a small lower part, so that sugarcane seeds with different diameters can be accommodated, the inner cavity with inclination is also beneficial to discharging the sugarcane seeds, the tops of the long side walls on two sides of the seed taking groove 533 extend outwards horizontally, the extending parts are in arc transition with the side walls connected with the extending parts, the sugarcane seeds are easy to enter and exit, and sugarcane buds are prevented from being scratched. A soil retaining plate is arranged in front of the front sugarcane seed outlet of the second conveying chain 54 to prevent front soil from splashing on the second conveying chain 54.
Referring to fig. 10 and 15, the first conveyor chain 53 and the second conveyor chain 54 are driven by a conveyor chain driving mechanism, the conveyor chain driving mechanism includes a reversing gear box 56 and a chain transmission mechanism, the reversing gear box 56 includes a driving gear, a driven gear and a case 561, the driving gear and the driven gear are externally engaged transmission to change the rotation direction, the driving gear and the driven gear are both disposed in the case 561, the case 561 is fixedly mounted on the seeding support 55 through a case support 565, and an output shaft 562 of the driven gear is connected with the first driving shaft 531 through a coupling 564. The chain transmission mechanism comprises two transmission chains, wherein one end of one transmission chain is connected with a land wheel 6 of the travelling mechanism, and the other end of the transmission chain is connected with an input shaft 563 of a driving gear; one end of the other transmission chain is connected to the ground wheel 6 of the travelling mechanism, or may be connected to the input shaft 563 of the drive gear, and the other end is connected to the second drive shaft 544. The chain transmission mechanism can transmit the driving force of the ground wheel 6 of the travelling mechanism to the first conveying chain 53 and the second conveying chain 54, so that the first conveying chain 53 and the second conveying chain 54 can rotate simultaneously, the first conveying chain 53 is driven to rotate backwards, and the second conveying chain 54 is driven to rotate forwards.
Referring to fig. 17 to 20, in order to reduce the labor intensity, the seeder 5 further includes a reseeding device 9, and the reseeding device 9 includes a sugarcane seed detecting device 91, a sugarcane reseeding tank 92, and a rake roller 93. Referring to fig. 17 and 18, the seed-metering device 91 is disposed above the rear of the first conveyor chain 53, and when the first conveyor chain 53 moves backward, the seed-metering grooves 533 pass under the seed-metering device 91 one by one, and the seed-metering device 91 is configured to test whether or not there are seed-metering grooves 533 passing under the seed-metering grooves 53 in the first conveyor chain 53. Preferably, the sugarcane seed detection device 91 is a photoelectric sensor. The photosensor detects that the seed taking groove 533 is empty, and no sugarcane seed 95 is present, and a high level is input. The sugarcane supplementing box 92 is erected above the rear part of the first conveying chain 53 and is used for temporarily storing sugarcane seeds 95. The sugarcane outlet at the lower end of the sugarcane supplementing box 92 corresponds to the seed taking groove 533 of the first conveying chain 53, so that the sugarcane seeds 95 coming out of the sugarcane outlet of the sugarcane supplementing box 92 can fall into the seed taking groove 533 below the sugarcane supplementing box 92. The sugarcane feeding box 92 is located behind the sugarcane seed detecting device 91. Referring to fig. 19, the sugarcane seed detecting device 91 and the sugarcane compensating box 92 may be disposed on the same frame 96, the frame 96 is erected on the first conveying chain 53, a detection position plate is disposed at a front end of the frame 96 for mounting the sugarcane seed detecting device 91, and the sugarcane compensating box 92 is erected at a rear end of the frame 96 through a support beam 928.
Referring to fig. 18, a rake roller 93 is rotatably disposed at a sugarcane outlet of the sugarcane feeding box 92, and the rake roller 93 is driven to rotate by a sugarcane raking mechanism. Referring to fig. 19, the sugarcane raking mechanism is preferably a motor 97 connected with one end of the rake roller 93 through a chain transmission mechanism 98, a motor supporting plate is arranged on the frame 96, and the motor 97 is fixed on the motor supporting plate. Two sprockets of the chain transmission mechanism 98 are respectively arranged at one end of the output shaft 562 of the motor 97 and one end of the rake roller 93, and are connected through a chain to realize transmission. The harrow roller 93 is provided with a plurality of harrows 94 evenly along circumference, and when the harrow roller 93 rotates, the sugarcane seeds 95 in the sugarcane supplementing box 92 can be harrowed downwards one by one through the harrow plates 94. Preferably, the rake 94 is a plastic plate.
Referring to fig. 19 and 20, the sugarcane compensating box 92 preferably includes a second left side plate 922, a second right side plate 923, a rear side plate 924, a second front side plate 925, and a second bottom plate 926, the left end of the rear side plate 924 is connected with the rear end of the second left side plate 922, the right end of the rear side plate 924 is connected with the rear end of the second right side plate 923, and the rear side plate 924 is inclined downward from rear to front. The left end of the second front side plate 925 is connected to the front end of the second left side plate 922, the right end of the second front side plate 925 is connected to the front end of the second right side plate 923, the rear end of the second bottom plate 926 is connected to the lower end of the rear side plate 924, the left and right ends of the second bottom plate 926 are connected to the lower end of the second left side plate 922 and the lower end of the second right side plate 923, and a gap is left between the second bottom plate 926 and the lower end of the second front side plate 925 to form a sugarcane outlet. The rear side of the second front side plate 925 may be provided with a deflector 921 inclined downward from front to rear for guiding sugarcane seeds. The rake roller 93 is disposed between the second front side plate 925 and the second bottom plate 926. The sugarcane seeds 95 placed in the sugarcane supplementing box 92 slide down to the position corresponding to the harrow roller 93 under the action of gravity, and when the harrow roller 93 does not rotate, the harrow plate 94 keeps the sugarcane seeds 95, and the sugarcane seeds 95 are kept in the sugarcane supplementing box 92; when the harrow roller 93 rotates, the harrow plate 94 can harrow the sugarcane seeds 95 one by one. Further preferably, a movable plate 927 is disposed below the rake roller 93 on the second bottom plate 926, the rear end of the movable plate 927 is hinged to the front end of the second bottom plate 926 in a manner of being capable of swinging up and down, and a spring is disposed between the movable plate 927 and the second bottom plate 926, so that a gap between the rake 94 and the movable plate 927 is smaller than the sugarcane seeds 95 in normal conditions, and when the rake 94 rotates to rake out the sugarcane seeds 95, the sugarcane seeds 95 are extruded to enable the movable plate 927 to swing downwards to give way, so as to prevent damage to the sugarcane seeds and sugarcane buds.
The first conveyor chain 53 of the seeder 5 conveys the sugarcane seeds at a constant speed, thereby ensuring that the sugarcane seeds are conveyed into the second conveyor chain 54 uniformly, and the seed distribution is uniform. Moreover, the presence or absence of the sugarcane seeds in the seed-taking groove 533 of the first conveyor chain 53 can be detected in real time by the sugarcane seed-detecting device 91, and since the first conveyor chain 53 is continuously moving, no matter whether the sugarcane seeds 95 are manually or mechanically placed in the seed-taking groove 533, omission may occur, and no sugarcane seeds 95 are placed in the respective seed-taking grooves 533; when the sugarcane seed detection device 91 detects that no sugarcane seeds exist in the seed taking groove 533, the sugarcane harrowing mechanism drives the harrow roller 93 to rotate, and when the empty seed taking groove 533 moves to the lower part of the sugarcane outlet of the sugarcane supplementing box 92, the harrow plate 94 on the harrow roller 93 rotates by a certain angle, so that one sugarcane seed 95 can be just harrowed into the corresponding empty seed taking groove 533, and the harrow roller 93 stops working, thereby achieving the function of timely seed supplementing. Since the moving speed of the first conveyor chain 53 and the rotating speed of the harrow roller 93 are fixed, the time for the empty seed taking groove 533 to reach the position below the sugarcane outlet can be calculated according to the distance between the sugarcane seed detecting device 91 and the sugarcane outlet, and then the harrow roller 93 is controlled to work according to the time, so that the sugarcane seeds 95 in the sugarcane supplementing box 92 can be accurately harrowed into the empty seed taking groove 533. The sugarcane supplementing device can be provided with a single chip microcomputer, when the sugarcane seed detecting device 91 detects that no sugarcane seeds exist in the seed taking groove 533, signals are transmitted to the single chip microcomputer, and the single chip microcomputer outputs pulse to control the motor 97 to rotate, so that when the empty seed taking groove 533 reaches the lower part of a sugarcane outlet, a sugarcane seed 95 is raked into the empty seed taking groove 533 by the harrow plate 94. The first conveying chain 53 is evenly distributed, and according to the number of the detected vacant seed taking grooves 533, the harrow roller 93 is controlled to rotate by a certain angle to convey sugarcane seeds 95 with corresponding numbers to the vacant positions, so that the function of dynamic real-time and accurate continuous seed supplementing is realized. The reseeding device 9 can realize the purpose of dynamic real-time, accurate continuous reseeding, avoids appearing leaking the phenomenon of broadcasting, make full use of land resource, improves sugarcane output.
The working process of the seeder 5 is as follows: the pre-cut sugarcane seeds are placed in the sugarcane collecting box 51 and the sugarcane supplementing box 92, the ground wheel 6 of the travelling mechanism drives the first conveying chain 53 to rotate backwards and drives the second conveying chain 54 to rotate forwards, the front part of the first conveying chain 53 can lift the sugarcane seeds at the bottom of the sugarcane collecting box 51 upwards, at the moment, more than one sugarcane seed in each sugarcane seed taking groove 533 can fall back into the sugarcane collecting box 51 due to the action of gravity in the lifting process, and a small part of the excessive sugarcane seeds can be pulled back into the sugarcane collecting box 51 through the sugarcane pulling device 52, so that each sugarcane seed taking groove 533 is only provided with one sugarcane seed, but the sugarcane seed is not guaranteed to be filled in each sugarcane seed taking groove 533, the sugarcane supplementing device supplements sugarcane seeds into the seed taking grooves 533 which can be free of sugarcane seeds, ensures that sugarcane seeds are filled in each seed taking groove 533, enables the first conveying chain 53 to continuously rotate backwards, enables the sugarcane seeds to be continuously and evenly conveyed from the rear end of the first conveying chain 53 to the second conveying chain 54 at intervals, sequentially passes through the lower part of the rear end of the first conveying chain 53 in the seed taking grooves 533 on the second conveying chain 54, receives the sugarcane seeds conveyed out by the first conveying chain 53, enables the sugarcane seeds to be stored in each seed taking groove 533 of the second conveying chain 54, and conveys the sugarcane seeds downwards into a planting ditch, namely, the ditching mechanism 3 excavates the planting ditch in front, and the seeder 5 transversely and evenly seeds in the planting ditch in the rear direction.
Referring to fig. 6 to 9, the fertilising mechanism 4 is mounted on the travelling mechanism between the furrowing mechanism 3 and the seeder 5. The fertilizer mechanism 4 includes a fertilizer stand 401, a fertilizer box 402, and a fertilizer unit. The fertilizing bracket 401 is arranged on the travelling mechanism and is positioned between the ditching mechanism 3 and the seeder 5, so that direct fertilization is facilitated in the sowing process. After the whole mechanism is arranged on the travelling mechanism through the fertilizer application bracket 401, the travelling mechanism can drive the sugarcane planting ground to travel for fertilizer application. The fertilizer box 402 is arranged on the fertilizer stand 401, and the fertilizer box 402 is used for storing the stirred fertilizer. The fertilizing bracket 401 is provided with a fertilizing unit for fertilizing, when the ditching mechanism 3 digs a planting ditch, the fertilizing unit on the fertilizing mechanism 4 fertilizes the planting ditch, and seeds are discharged into the planting ditch to which the fertilizer is applied through the seeder 5.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the fertilizer applying unit includes a fertilizer feeding groove 403, a feeding rotating shaft 406 and a baffle plate 408, the fertilizer feeding groove 403 is disposed on the fertilizer applying bracket 401, a bin outlet 404 is disposed above one end of the fertilizer feeding groove 403 at the lower end of the fertilizer box 402, a fertilizer outlet 405 is disposed at the other end of the fertilizer feeding groove, and fertilizer in the fertilizer box 402 can fall into the fertilizer feeding groove 403 through the bin outlet 404.
With continued reference to fig. 6 and 7, the feeding rotary shaft 406 is rotatably disposed in the fertilizer feeding slot 403, and the feeding rotary shaft 406 is driven to rotate by a feeding driving mechanism. Preferably, the feeding rotary shaft 406 is connected with the ground wheel 6 of the travelling mechanism through a chain transmission mechanism. One end of the feeding rotating shaft 406 may be provided with a first sprocket 412, and the ground wheel 6 of the travelling mechanism is provided with another sprocket, and the first sprocket 412 is connected with the sprocket on the ground wheel 6 through a transmission chain 413, so as to realize linkage with the ground wheel 6 of the travelling mechanism. The spiral blades 407 are arranged on the feeding rotating shaft 406, so that a feeding auger is formed, and when the feeding rotating shaft 406 rotates, the fertilizer in the fertilizer feeding groove 403 can be continuously and uniformly pushed to the fertilizer outlet 405 through the spiral blades 407.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, a striker plate 408 is provided on the fertilizer feed tank 403 at a position corresponding to the fertilizer outlet 405, and the striker plate 408 is driven by a striker driving mechanism to intermittently open and close the fertilizer outlet 405. The striker plate 408 may be a slidable flat plate that is driven by a crank mechanism to slide back and forth to intermittently control the opening and closing of the fertilizer outlet 405. Preferably, referring to fig. 8, the striker plate 408 is connected in a V-shape by a first side plate 416 and a second side plate 417, and the angle between the first side plate 416 and the second side plate 417 may be 70-120 degrees, preferably 90 degrees. The corner of the baffle plate 408 is rotatably arranged on the fertilizer feeding groove 403 through a baffle rotating shaft, so that the baffle rotating shaft is fixedly arranged, and the corner of the baffle plate 408 is provided with a sleeve for movably sleeving the baffle rotating shaft. The first side plate 416 of the striker plate 408 blocks the fertilizer outlet 405, and the second side plate 417 is driven to intermittently swing up and down by the striker driving mechanism, so that the first side plate 416 is caused to intermittently swing back and forth to intermittently open and close the fertilizer outlet 405.
With continued reference to fig. 6, the stop drive mechanism includes a spring 409 and a cam shaft 410, the spring 409 being disposed between the stop plate 408 and the fertilizer feed slot 403, the spring 409 being configured to provide a preload force to the stop plate 408 such that the first side plate 416 closes the fertilizer outlet 405 when the stop plate 408 is in an initial state. The spring 409 may be a torsion spring sleeved on the material blocking shaft, and an opening is formed at a corner of the material blocking plate 408 to facilitate installation of the torsion spring. The cam shaft 410 is rotatably provided in the fertilizer feed tank 403, and the cam shaft 410 is rotated by a cam shaft rotation mechanism. Preferably, the cam shaft 410 is connected with the feeding rotating shaft 406 through a chain transmission mechanism, a third sprocket 415 is arranged on the cam shaft 410, a second sprocket 414 is further arranged on the feeding rotating shaft 406, and the second sprocket 414 is connected with the third sprocket 415 through another transmission chain 413, so that the cam shaft 410 and the feeding rotating shaft 406 are linked. Referring to fig. 9, a cam portion 411 is provided at the middle of the cam shaft 410. The first side plate 416 of the striker plate 408 is used to control the opening and closing of the fertilizer outlet 405, the second side plate 417 abuts against the cam portion 411 of the cam shaft 410, and the spring 409 keeps the second side plate 417 in abutment with the cam portion 411 during rotation of the cam portion 411. The cam shaft 410 continuously rotates to intermittently lift the cam part 411 against the second side plate 417, and when the cam part 411 does not lift the second side plate 417, the spring 409 brings the first side plate 416 into a position to close the fertilizer outlet 405; when the cam portion 411 lifts the second side plate 417, the first side plate 416 is positioned to open the fertilizer outlet 405. As shown in fig. 7, the fertilizer outlet 405 may be directed downward and rearward, the upper end of the fertilizer outlet 405 is provided with a hinge lug, while the striker plate 408 may be hinged to the hinge lug through a corner with a nip facing downward and rearward, as shown in fig. 6, the first side plate 416 is located on the front side to block the fertilizer outlet 405, and the lower side of the second side plate 417 abuts against the cam portion 411. When the cam shaft 410 rotates until the top dead center of the cam portion 411 abuts against the lower side of the second side plate 417, the second side plate 417 is turned upward, the first side plate 416 is turned backward, and the fertilizer outlet 405 is opened; when the cam shaft 410 rotates until the bottom dead center of the cam part 411 abuts against the lower side of the second side plate 417, the second side plate 417 is turned downwards to reset under the action of the spring 409, and the first side plate 416 is driven to turn forwards to reset, so that the fertilization outlet 405 is closed again. The cam part 411 and the spring 409 on the cam shaft 410 are matched with the V-shaped striker plate 408, so that continuous rotation of the cam shaft 410 can be converted into intermittent lifting and descending reset of the second side plate 417 of the striker plate 408, and the first side plate 416 is driven to intermittently open and close the fertilization outlet 405 of the fertilizer feeding groove 403, and the device has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in driving and good stability.
The fertilizer box 402 of the fertilizer mechanism 4 is used for storing stirred fertilizer, when the fertilizer bracket 401 is driven by the travelling mechanism to move forward, the feeding rotating shaft 406 and the cam shaft 410 rotate, after the fertilizer in the fertilizer box 402 falls into the fertilizer feeding groove 403 under the action of gravity, the fertilizer is uniformly and continuously conveyed to the fertilizer outlet 405 through the spiral blade 407, the fertilizer outlet 405 is intermittently opened and closed through the baffle plate 408, the fertilizer is intermittently and downwardly scattered from the fertilizer outlet 405, so that uniform and intermittent fertilization can be realized, sugarcane seeds are planted at positions without fertilizer, fertilizer burning sugarcane buds can be effectively prevented, and the fertilizer box is particularly suitable for intermittent fertilization when sugarcane is transversely planted.
Referring to fig. 22, the earth covering mechanism 8 is mounted on the travelling mechanism behind the seeder 5. The earthing mechanism 8 comprises an earthing bracket 84, an earthing plate 81, a soil cleaning plate 83 and a roller 82, wherein the earthing bracket 84 is arranged on the travelling mechanism and is positioned at the rear of the seeder 5 and used for supporting the whole earthing mechanism 8, and the travelling mechanism drives the whole earthing mechanism 8 to advance so as to cover the soil of the planting furrows with sugarcane seeds. The two earth plates 81 are arranged on the earth support 84 in an eight shape with large front and small rear, that is, the front ends of the earth plates 81 on the left side are inclined to the left, and the front ends of the earth plates 81 on the right side are inclined to the right. During the advancing process of the travelling mechanism, the two earth covering plates 81 collect the earth on two sides in the planting ditch from the front at the large opening, and then the earth is gathered towards the middle through the opening which is gradually smaller at the rear. Preferably, each of the earth plates 81 is a circular plate body, and each of the earth plates 81 is rotatably provided on the earth support 84. Two soil cover plate frame bars which are distributed oppositely left and right may be provided on the soil cover bracket 84, and two soil cover plates 81 may be rotatably provided at the lower end of one soil cover plate frame bar, respectively. The earthing plate 81 is a circular plate body so that soil can be gathered in the middle in a layered manner, meanwhile, the earthing plate 81 can rotate, and the resistance of advancing can be effectively reduced by combining the two. The upper end of the soil cleaning plate 83 is disposed on the soil covering bracket 84, and the soil cleaning plate 83 is located between the two soil covering plates 81. The roller 82 is disposed on the soil covering frame 84 in a height adjustable manner, and the roller 82 is located below the two soil covering plates 81 and the soil cleaning plate 83. When the travelling mechanism advances, the roller 82 is sunk into the planting ditch, soil gathered by the two soil covering plates 81 is concentrated on the roller 82, soil corresponding to a gap between the roller 82 and the lower end of the soil cleaning plate 83 falls into the ditch from the gap to cover soil for sugarcane seeds, and the rest soil is scraped by the soil cleaning plate 83. Preferably, the soil cleaning plate 83 is an arc plate, and the convex arc surface of the soil cleaning plate 83 faces forward, so that the rest soil can be scraped away to the left and right sides of the ridge. When the height of the roller 82 is changed, the gap between the roller 82 and the lower end of the soil cleaning plate 83 is changed, so that the soil covering depth can be adjusted to achieve the purpose of deep planting and shallow burying.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the spraying mechanism 12 is mounted on the travelling mechanism behind the earth-covering mechanism 8. The spraying mechanism 12 comprises a spraying support, a medicine box, an electric pump, a spraying pipeline and a spray head, wherein the spraying support is arranged on the travelling mechanism and is positioned at the rear of the earthing mechanism 8, the medicine box is arranged on the spraying support, one end of the spraying pipeline is connected with the medicine box, the other end of the spraying pipeline is connected with the spray head, and the electric pump is arranged on the spraying pipeline. The electric pump can convey the liquid medicine in the medicine box to the spray head through the medicine spraying pipeline, and the liquid medicine is sprayed to the sugarcane planting ground through the spray head. And after the soil covering of the sugarcane seeds is completed, pesticide spraying, insect prevention and weeding are carried out on the sugarcane planting land after the planting is completed.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, preferably, the number of the planting devices of the sugarcane planter is two, and the two planting devices are distributed symmetrically left and right, so that double rows can be planted simultaneously, and the planting efficiency is improved. The sugarcane planter also comprises a platform material device, wherein the platform material device comprises a movable platform plate 10 and a working platform plate, the two movable platform plates 10 are respectively hinged to the left side and the right side of a rack 1 of the travelling mechanism, the movable platform plate 10 is inclined upwards from front to back, the movable platform plate 10 is provided with a logistics sliding rail which is distributed from front to back, and a plurality of sugarcane seed boxes 11 can be placed on the logistics sliding rail side by side. The working platform plate is arranged on the frame 1 and positioned between the two planting devices, and is used as a working personnel operation area, and the working platform plate is provided with a safety barrier to ensure the life safety of the working personnel. When the planter is in a non-working state, the movable platform plates 10 on two sides can be quickly disassembled, so that the planter is convenient to transport. During the working state, the movable platform plate 10 is arranged at two ends of the frame 1, then the sugarcane seed boxes 11 filled with sugarcane seeds are placed on the logistics slide rails of the movable platform plate 10 at the left side and the right side of the frame 1, during the planting process, staff can pour sugarcane seeds in the sugarcane seed boxes 11 in front of the movable platform plate 10 into the sugarcane collecting boxes of the seeder 5 to timely supplement the sugarcane seeds, then the empty sugarcane seed boxes 11 are placed on the working platform, and the sugarcane seed boxes 11 at the rear above the movable platform plate 10 slide forwards due to self gravity so that the sugarcane seed boxes 11 at the rear can move to the positions of the sugarcane seed boxes 11 at the front, thereby being convenient to take.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, since the two planting devices are symmetrically distributed from left to right, the ditching mechanisms 3 of the two planting devices can be connected through a speed change transmission mechanism 2, the speed change transmission mechanism 2 comprises a speed change gear box 21 and a transmission shaft 22, the input shaft of the speed change gear box 21 is connected with the output shaft of the traction device, the output shaft of the left end of the speed change gear box 21 is connected with the upper swing arm 303 of the ditching mechanism 3 on the left side through a transmission shaft 22, and the output shaft of the right end of the speed change gear box 21 is connected with the upper swing arm 303 of the ditching mechanism 3 on the right side through another transmission shaft 22. The power of the traction equipment is transmitted to the two ditching mechanisms 3 through the variable speed transmission mechanism 2, and the two ditching cutterheads 309 are driven to rotate through chain transmission mechanisms in the inner cavities of the upper swing arm 303 and the lower swing arm 306 of each ditching mechanism 3. In the working state, the upper hydraulic cylinder 302 is controlled to slowly extend to enable the ditching cutter body to slowly cut into the soil, the lower hydraulic cylinder 305 is controlled to slowly extend to adjust the soil-entering angle of the lower swing arm 306, the ditching cutter head 309 is driven to rotate, and ditching work is completed under the traction of the traction equipment; in the non-working state, the upper hydraulic cylinder 302 is controlled to slowly shrink so that the ditching cutter body is slowly lifted from the soil, the lower hydraulic cylinder 305 is controlled to slowly shrink so as to retract the ditching cutter body, the recovery action is completed, the power of the output shaft of the traction equipment is cut off, and the ditching work is stopped. Wherein the traction device may be a tractor. Referring to fig. 6, because the two planting devices are symmetrically distributed left and right, the fertilizing units of the two fertilizing mechanisms 4 can be symmetrically arranged on the same fertilizing bracket 401 left and right, so that the structure is optimized, and simultaneously, two rows of planting furrows are fertilized, thereby greatly improving the fertilizing efficiency of the transverse planting of the sugarcane. The lower end of the fertilizer box 402 is provided with a box outlet 404 above one end of each fertilizer feeding groove 403, and the inner cavity of the fertilizer box 402 can be separated into an independent cavity corresponding to each box outlet 404. When the fertilizing mechanism 4 is provided with a left fertilizing unit and a right fertilizing unit, the fertilizer box 402 is divided into a left independent cavity and a right independent cavity, the lower end of each cavity is provided with a feed box outlet 404, the right end of a fertilizer feeding groove 403 of the fertilizing unit positioned at the left side is positioned below the left feed box outlet 404, the left end of the fertilizer feeding groove is provided with a fertilizing outlet 405, and the fertilizing outlet 405 is positioned right behind the left ditching mechanism 3; the left end of the fertilizer feed tank 403 of the fertilizing unit located on the right side is located below the left feed box outlet 404, and the right end thereof is provided with a fertilizing outlet 405 located right behind the right trenching mechanism 3. The sugarcane planter integrates ditching, fertilizing, seeding, earthing and pesticide spraying, greatly reduces the labor intensity, saves sugarcane seeds, accurately plants, improves the germination rate, reduces the labor force and the production cost, adopts double-row simultaneous transverse planting, improves the planting efficiency, and is particularly suitable for large-area sugarcane planting operation.
The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention are presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain the specific principles of the invention and its practical application to thereby enable one skilled in the art to make and utilize the invention in various exemplary embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. Open double row horizontal intelligent sugarcane planter of seed cutting formula in advance, its characterized in that includes:
the walking mechanism comprises a frame, a land wheel and a depth adjusting auxiliary wheel set, wherein the depth adjusting auxiliary wheel set is positioned behind the land wheel, the depth adjusting auxiliary wheel set comprises a supporting rod, an auxiliary wheel bracket and an auxiliary wheel, the upper end of the supporting rod is rotatably arranged on the frame, and the auxiliary wheel is arranged at the lower end of the supporting rod in a height-adjustable manner through the auxiliary wheel bracket; each planting device is mounted on the walking mechanism, each planting device comprises a ditching mechanism, a fertilizing mechanism, a seeder, a covering mechanism and a pesticide spraying mechanism, the seeder is positioned behind the ditching mechanism, the fertilizing mechanism is positioned between the ditching mechanism and the seeder, the covering mechanism is positioned behind the seeder, and the pesticide spraying mechanism is positioned behind the covering mechanism;
Wherein, ditching mechanism includes:
the ditching bracket is arranged on the travelling mechanism;
one end of the upper swing arm is hinged to the ditching bracket in a manner of being capable of swinging up and down; the upper swing arm is driven to swing up and down through an upper swing mechanism;
the upper end of the lower swing arm is hinged to the other end of the upper swing arm in a mode of being capable of swinging back and forth; the lower swing arm swings back and forth driven by a lower swing mechanism;
the ditching cutter body is rotatably arranged at the lower end of the lower swing arm and is driven to rotate by a ditching driving mechanism; and
the ditching plow is erected on the lower swing arm and is positioned at the rear of the ditching cutter body;
wherein, the disseminator includes:
the sowing bracket is arranged on the travelling mechanism;
the sugarcane collecting box is arranged at the front part of the seeding bracket;
the first conveying chain is arranged on the upper part of the seeding bracket and is positioned at the rear of the sugarcane collecting box, the front part of the first conveying chain is positioned in the sugarcane collecting box and is inclined upwards from front to rear, the rear part of the first conveying chain is horizontally distributed, and a plurality of seed taking grooves are arranged on the first conveying chain at equal intervals;
The sugarcane pulling device is arranged at the top of the sugarcane collecting box and can pull redundant sugarcane seeds in the seed taking groove of the first conveying chain back into the sugarcane collecting box; and
the second conveying chain is arranged at the lower part of the seeding bracket and positioned below the first conveying chain, the second conveying chain is inclined upwards from front to back, and a plurality of seed taking grooves are also arranged on the second conveying chain at equal intervals;
the sugarcane stirring device comprises a sugarcane stirring rod and a baffle plate, wherein the sugarcane stirring rod is transversely arranged at the top of the sugarcane collecting box and is positioned above the rear part of the front part of the first conveying chain; one end of the baffle is rotatably connected with the sugarcane poking rod, a sugarcane poking pressure spring is arranged between the baffle and the sugarcane poking rod, and a scraping-proof film is arranged at the other end of the baffle; the distance between the scratch-resistant film and the seed taking groove on the front part of the first conveying chain passing below the scratch-resistant film is larger than the diameter of one sugarcane seed and smaller than the diameters of two sugarcane seeds;
wherein, the two planting devices are distributed symmetrically left and right;
the pre-cutting type open double-row transverse intelligent sugarcane planter further comprises a platform material device, the platform material device comprises a movable platform plate and a working platform plate, the two movable platform plates are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the rack in a detachable mode and incline upwards from front to back, and the working platform plate is arranged on the rack and located between the two planting devices.
2. The pre-cut open double row transverse intelligent sugarcane planter according to claim 1, wherein the planter further comprises a reseeding device comprising:
the sugarcane seed detection device is erected above the rear part of the first conveying chain and is used for detecting whether sugarcane seeds are in the seed taking groove on the first conveying chain passing through the lower part of the sugarcane seed detection device;
the sugarcane supplementing box is erected above the rear part of the first conveying chain, a sugarcane outlet at the lower end of the sugarcane supplementing box corresponds to the seed taking groove of the first conveying chain, and the sugarcane supplementing box is positioned behind the sugarcane seed detecting device; and
the harrow roller is rotatably arranged at the sugarcane outlet of the sugarcane supplementing box and is driven to rotate by a sugarcane harrowing mechanism; the harrow roller is uniformly provided with a plurality of harrow plates along the circumferential direction; when the harrow roller rotates, sugarcane seeds in the sugarcane supplementing box can be harrowed downwards one by one through the harrow plate.
3. The pre-cut open double row transverse intelligent sugarcane planter according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizing mechanism comprises:
the fertilization bracket is arranged on the travelling mechanism;
A fertilizer box arranged on the fertilizer bracket; and
the fertilization unit, it set up in on the fertilization support, this fertilization unit includes:
the fertilizer feeding groove is arranged on the fertilizer applying bracket, and a feed box outlet is arranged at the lower end of the fertilizer box above one end of the fertilizer feeding groove; the other end of the fertilizer feeding groove is provided with a fertilizer outlet;
the feeding rotating shaft is rotatably arranged in the fertilizer feeding groove and is driven to rotate by a feeding driving mechanism; the feeding rotating shaft is provided with a spiral blade; and
and the material baffle plate is arranged at a position on the fertilizer feeding groove corresponding to the fertilizer outlet, and the material baffle plate is driven by a material baffle driving mechanism to intermittently open and close the fertilizer outlet.
4. The pre-seed cutting type open double-row transverse intelligent sugarcane planter according to claim 3, wherein the material baffle is connected into a V shape through a first side plate and a second side plate, and the corner of the material baffle is rotatably arranged on the fertilizer feeding trough through a material baffle rotating shaft; the material blocking driving mechanism comprises:
the spring is arranged between the baffle plate and the fertilizer feeding groove; and
A cam rotatably provided to the fertilizer feed tank, the cam being driven to rotate by a cam rotation mechanism; the first side plate of the striker plate is used for controlling the opening and closing of the fertilization outlet, and the second side plate is propped against the cam part of the cam shaft; the cam shaft intermittently lifts the cam portion against the second side plate by continuously rotating; when the cam part does not jack up the second side plate, the spring enables the first side plate to be in a position for closing the fertilization outlet; when the cam portion jacks up the second side plate, the first side plate is located at a position for opening the fertilization outlet.
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