CN108761168B - 非接触式电压传感器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于确定电力电缆电压的传感器,包括:构造成耦合在所述电力电缆的至少一部分周围的壳体。由壳体支撑的第一导电元件构造成当壳体耦合在电力电缆的至少一部分周围时电耦合到电力电缆。由壳体支撑的第一电容元件与第一导电元件电互连。由壳体支撑的第二电容元件与第一导电元件电互连。处理器基于交替地感测:(i)第一电容元件和第二电容元件的电特性,和(ii)没有第二电容元件的第一电容元件的电特性,来确定电力电缆的电缆电容。传感器根据确定的电缆电容确定电力电缆的电压。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求了2017年3月3日提交的美国临时专利申请62/466,783的优先权。
背景技术
本发明涉及一种非接触式电压传感器。
通常通过连接电流传感器来测量设施中的每个分支电路中的电流,以感测流出设施的配电板的每条分支电力电缆中流动的电流。通常,电流传感器包括安装在感兴趣的电导体上的感测变压器和产生表示导体所承载的电流的输出的电子电路。电流传感器可以是用于单个电路的独立电表,或可以分别临时连接到多个电路中的每一个以周期性且瞬时地监测每个电路中的电流的联网仪表。
通常,用于感测在电力电缆中流动的电流的感测变压器包括缠绕围绕电力电缆的导磁芯的横截面的导线线圈。由于变压器可以很容易地固定在已安装的电力电缆上,而无需断开连接设备(例如配电板中的断路器)的电力电缆,因此经常使用带有铰接式分裂环形芯的感测变压器。Cota的美国专利5,502,374公开了一种裂芯式感测变压器,其包括分成一对半壳的环形壳体。每半个壳体都保留变压器环形芯的一半。半壳通过位于壳体每一半的一端附近的铰链相互连接。铰链允许半壳的枢转以分离与铰链相对的半壳的端部。电导体在两个半壳的分开的端部之间通过,然后半壳环绕具有两半环形芯的中心定位的电导体一起枢转。在与铰链相对的半壳的端部上,半壳上的脊和另一半壳上的匹配凹槽形成闩锁,以将铰接半壳保持在电导体周围。
通常希望监测电力电缆的电压信号以提供能量和/或电力质量测量。通常,测量电力电缆的电压包括使用与一个或多个电力电缆的直接电连接。直接连接安装非常耗时,并且需要符合安全要求,这大大增加了涉及的成本、安装时间和风险。当导线具有高电压时,安全要求会提高。另外,与布线和熔断相关的要求可能会使安装进一步复杂化。
在另一些情况下,测量电力电缆的电压需要使用非接触式电容电压测量。由于物理和环境条件导致电力电缆中的电容不稳定,所以这种非接触电容式电压测量通常具有相对低的准确度。例如,物理和环境条件可能是由于电力电缆的尺寸变化、夹紧接近度以及绝缘材料的介电变化。
在其他情况下,测量电力电缆的电压涉及使用相对高准确度的非接触式电压测量技术。然而,这种非接触式电压测量技术相对较大,使用麻烦并且由于其复杂性而昂贵。
期望在电压测量中具有相对较高的精确度,同时保留由于非接触电容式电压测量而发生的益处。
结合附图考虑以下对本发明的详细描述,将更容易理解本发明的前述和其他目的、特征和优点。
附图说明
图1示出了裂芯式感测变压器的立体图。
图2示出了包括布置成环绕分支电导体的多个感测变压器的配电板的主视图。
图3示出了裂芯式感测变压器的侧视图。
图4示出了图3的裂芯式感测变压器的分离段的侧视图。
图5示出了图1的裂芯式感测变压器沿线5-5截取的剖视图。
图6示出了图1的裂芯式感测变压器沿线6-6截取的剖视图。
图7示出了图1的裂芯式感测变压器沿线7-7截取的剖视图。
图8示出了电流互感器以及相关联的输入电路。
图9示出了与基于非接触式电容的电压传感器一起的导体。
图10示出了电力电缆电容相对于电缆直径的曲线图。
图11A-11D示出了电力电缆电容相对于电缆直径的曲线图。
图12示出了与基于非接触式电容的电压传感器一起的另一导体。
图13示出了与基于非接触式电容的电压传感器一起的另一导体。
图14示出了电力电缆电容相对于电压电平的非线性曲线图。
图15示出了基于非接触式电容的电压传感器电路以及电力电缆电容相对于传感器电路的电压电平的曲线图。
图16示出了与包括开关的基于非接触式电容的电压传感器一起的导体。
图17示出了与包括开关和杂散电容的基于非接触式电容的电压传感器一起的导体。
图18示出了具有非接触电容板的壳体。
图19示出了多个不同的非接触电容板。
图20示出了具有用于非接触电容板的对准结构的壳体。
图21示出了具有屏蔽结构的壳体。
图22示出了用于非接触电容板的识别结构。
具体实施方式
详细地,参考图1-7,其中类似的部分由相同的附图标记表示,感测变压器20包括基本上环绕电导体26(或多于一个电导体)的导磁环形芯22,电导体26被连接以传导待测量的电流。芯22为亚铁环,通常具有矩形或圆形的横截面。一圈或多圈导线28(或多于一根导线)包裹环形芯22的扇区24(由支架表示)的横截面。
在电导体中的变化的电流(即交流电)在导体周围产生变化的磁场,其又在包围电导体的感测变压器的导磁芯中感应出磁通量。环形铁芯中的磁通量在导线绕组中感应出电流,该电流代表了在电导体中流动的电流。因此,电导体是初级绕组,导线绕组是感测变压器的次级绕组。导线绕组的端部电连接到负载电阻器,该负载电阻器将从感测变压器的次级绕组接收的电流信号转换成表示导体中流动的电流的电压信号。
为了测量设施中多个分支电路中的电流,将感测变压器安装在每个分支电导体上。参考图2,感测变压器61通常安装在配电板60处的分支电导体62上,其中分支电导体连接到保护分支电路免受高电流影响的断路器64。多个断路器64通常在配电板中彼此直接相邻布置,并且通常连接到母线66,母线66又连接到将电力从电网输送到配电板的输入导体68。
参考图1-7,优选地,裂芯式感测变压器20包括至少两个可分离的变压器段30、32。每段包括相应的节壳体34、36和可透磁环形芯38、34的扇区,安装时其将基本环绕电导体26。一圈或多圈导线28包裹环形芯22的扇区的横截面。穿过变压器20的中心孔48的导体26中的交流电流在导体周围产生变化的磁场,其在导磁芯22中感应出磁通量。磁通量又在芯22上的导线绕组28中感应出电流。导线绕组28的端部通过电缆42电连接到负载电阻器(未示出),负载电阻器将从感测变压器20的导线绕组28接收到的电流信号转换为表示在导体中流动的电流的电压信号。
导磁芯22包含铁质材料且由扇区38、40构成,当扇区38、40以端对端形式布置时基本上形成圆环。芯22具有平面横截面,由通常为矩形或圆形的闭合曲线限定。圆环是围绕轴旋转平面横截面的结果,该轴位于横截面的平面内,但与横截面的平面相交。芯22的每个扇区38、40包括弯曲的内表面46,当扇区首尾相连布置时,弯曲的内表面46限定感测变压器20的中心孔48。示例性的感测变压器包括3%硅钢、有取向、外径为1.375英寸、内径为1.125英寸、深度为0.50英寸的环形芯,其在平行于轴的方向上围绕圆环的横截面旋转。
环形芯的扇区38、40保持在相应的可分离的壳体段34、36内,所述可分离的壳体段34、36基本上覆盖环形芯扇区的横截面。包围由导线绕组28包裹的芯扇区40的壳体段36包括延伸部分50,该延伸部分50将导线绕组与电缆42中的导体的连接包围,该导体将来自导线绕组的信号传导到仪器并为电缆提供锚定。
一个壳体段30的壁的大致管状突出部分52(由支架表示)突出超过保持在壳体段中的芯38的扇区的端部。突出部分52扩大以提供足够大的内部来以配合接合的方式可滑动地接纳另一个变压器段32的壳体36的端部。其中一个壳体段36还包括凸脊54,其从壳体的任一侧突出,并与该段的端部相邻。每个凸脊54布置成与配合壳体段36的壁中的对应孔56接合,以防止被接合段的分离。限定感测变压器20的中心孔的壳体段30、32的表面还包括多个径向向内突出的弹性柔性三角形指状物58,以为电导体26提供中心开口。如果电导体大于由三角形指状物58的端部提供的开口,则指状物将向外弹性弯曲以适应电导体。通常,壳体由诸如尼龙、聚氯乙烯(PVC)或聚碳酸酯的电绝缘热塑性材料制成。
为了将裂芯式变压器20安装在电导体26上,将电导体定位在变压器壳体的分离段30、32之间,邻近将形成变压器的中心孔48的表面。壳体段34、36的配合端对齐并且段30、32被压入配合接合。当段30、32的壳体34、36完全接合时,芯的两段38、40基本上环绕电导体26,并且一个段的壳体侧上的配合脊54与另一个段的壳体中的相应孔56配合。脊54与孔56的表面的干涉防止了段的分离。通过在壳体段之间插入螺丝刀或其他工具,以释放配合脊和孔来允许将段分开,可将感测变压器从电导体上取下。来自感测变压器的信号通过电缆42传输到适当的仪器。如果需要,壳体可以省略。如果需要,可以使用具有或不具有相关壳体的非裂芯式变压器。电流互感器可以通过一根或多根软线连接到系统,电流互感器可以由电路板支撑,多个电流互感器可以由电路板支撑,或者任何其他合适的配置。
参照图8,变压器102的变压器(裂芯、非裂芯、高导磁性材料、低导磁性材料等)100a和100b的次级绕组的端部电连接到输入电路110。输入电路110可以包括在与电流互感器相关联的壳体内,可作为电流互感器的一部分,可以包括在靠近电流互感器的电路板上,可以包括在不接近电流互感器的电路板上,可以包括在其上支撑电流互感器的电路板上,或者任何其它合适的配置。输入电路110设计为将从变压器102接收的电压信号(诸如施加在电阻器上的电压信号)转换成表示电力电缆中变化的电流的信号或表示电力电缆中变化的电流的输出端子104a和104b处的电路状况。将信号或电路状况提供给传输线106和108,其连接到相关联的控制面板或其他电子设备。例如,信号可以是电流信号、电压信号或某种频率调制、幅度调制或数字编码。例如,电路状况可能是短路、开路或其他适当类型的状况。输入电路可以以任何方式设计和构造,只要它将来自变压器的输出信号转换成适当的对应信号或电路状态即可。
电流互感器和相关联的输入电路可以以某种方式进行校准,使得电导体的变化的电流电平与导线中产生的感应电流和/或电压之间存在已知的关系。校准应当模拟变化的电流电平和感应电流之间的关系,以便可以精确估计变化的电流电平。通过改变电流互感器的物理特性,这种校准可以以手动方式进行直到它处于理想的公差范围内。类似地,该校准关系可以是以一个或多个比例因子、一个或多个函数、一个或多个查找表和/或一个或多个电子部件的形式来调整校准。校准因数、函数、表格和/或电子部件可以与电流互感器一起包括在内或以其它方式与电流互感器相关联地供给,从而可以实现合适的校准。除了校准之外,还需要校准输入电路输出的比例。
虽然电流的测量是需要确定的特性,但也希望使用基于非接触电容的技术来确定电力电缆的电压。以这种方式,电力电缆的电压可以以足够的精确度来确定,而不需要中断传输线的绝缘屏障以提供与包含在其中的导体的直接电连接。
在某些情况下,测量电力电缆的电压需要使用非接触式电容电压测量。由于物理和环境条件导致电力电缆中的电容不稳定,所以这种非接触电容式电压测量通常具有相对低的准确度。例如,物理和环境条件可能是由于电力电缆的尺寸变化、夹紧接近度以及绝缘材料的介电变化。
期望在电压测量中具有相对较高的精确度,同时保留由于非接触电容式电压测量而发生的益处。
参考图9,示出了非接触式电压传感器200的图示以及缠绕在电力电缆220周围的一个或多个电容元件、振荡器230、缓冲器和电流监测器210。虽然电容元件220可以通过将电容元件缠绕在电力电缆的一部分周围而固定到导体,但这导致包括固有安全考虑的安装问题,特别是对于高电压环境。通常,两板电容方程为C=0.224*K*A/d,其中C为pF,K为介电常数,A为平方英寸的面积,d为英寸的间距。对于电力电缆,介电接触通常在2左右,导线绝缘厚度决定了板间距。板面积由可能有几种形式的电耦合限定。被测绝缘导线的导电耦合形式之一周围可以是多个导电块或叶片的阵列形成的多侧虹膜开口。导电耦合的另一种形式是缠绕在被测绝缘导线周围的导电带。导电耦合的另一种形式是夹在导线周围的蛤壳式夹具。优选地,电容元件由靠近电力电缆的壳体支撑。这种非接触式电容电压测量精度受电介质材料性质的变化(例如其厚度和材料)的影响。此外,电容精度还取决于环境温度和介电材料的温度。
还参照图10,相信通常可以理解的是随着电力电缆的直径与其中封装导体的绝缘层一起增加,绝缘层与电力电缆的导体之间的电容增加。以这种方式,需要确定电力电缆的这种电容,作为参考可以将其称为Cx。在电力电缆的电容Cx以某种方式已知或以其他方式确定的情况下,Cx的值连同具有已知值的另一个电容器(为了参考目的可以称为C1)可以与其结合使用。通过Cx和Cl之间的比较(例如使用分压器网络),可以感测两个电容之间的输出电压电平。当电导体的电容器Cx上的电荷由于电导体的电压电平的变化而变化时,Cx和Cl的两个电容之间的输出电压电平改变。输出电压电平代表了电源导线中的电压电平。
尽管电容Cx被认为与增加的测量频率成线性关系,但在进一步调查中发现电容Cx与电缆品牌之间的采样频率显著不同。参考图11A,通常在50/60赫兹,各种电缆品牌的测量电容Cx通常倾向于线性分组。参考图11B,通常为10千赫兹,各种电缆品牌的测量电容Cx倾向于开始分散。参考图11C,通常为100千赫兹,取决于特定电力电缆的性质,电力电缆的电容Cx之间的关系倾向于呈现多个不同的关系。参考图11D,通常为10兆赫兹,取决于电力电缆的性质,电力电缆的电容Cx之间的关系倾向于呈现更多个不同的关系。采样频率的依赖性被认为是基于增塑剂、着色剂、弹性体、回收材料和交联。此外,这些特性对于电力电缆购买者而言通常是未知的,并且可能会改变用于在不同时间制造的相同电力电缆。
通过以相对较低的主频率(例如50/60赫兹)向电力电缆施加的电压,期望以相同频率对电容进行采样。在正常运行中使用实际施加的电压可以实现此目标。这通过移除振荡器230、缓冲器和电流监视器210来简化电路。
参考图12,导电构件300环绕电导体的至少一部分以在导电构件300与导体320之间的电介质材料310上形成电容Cx。导电构件300互连到电容器C1 330。电容器C1 330连接到诸如接地或中性或其他的电压电位。可以在电容器C1 330的端子处选择输出电压340,其代表导体320的电压电平。为了防止相移,输出电压340由运算放大器350缓冲以提供相位正确的输出电压360。通常,电容Cx约为10皮法。选择电容器C1 330以形成合适的电容分压器,在这种情况下为10纳法。其他值可以切换为可变电压范围选择。以这种方式,Cx和C1之间的电容分压器的结果通常为1000比1。优选地,电容C1(或者其他有效电容网络)通常在Cx的100比1和10000比1之间。
参考图13,在输出电压340和导体的电容Cx之间优选地包括附加的电容元件Cn400。优选地,电容元件Cn 400的值在电容Cx的值的75%内。对于改进的电容分压网络,Cx的电容值仍然未知。例如,对于10pF的电容Cx,电容元件Cn 340优选在2.5pF和17.5pF之间。
参考图14,利用改进的电容分压器网络,沿着Cx值相对于输出电压340存在弯曲关系,而不是沿着不包括电容器Cn的Cx值的一半的线性关系。以这种方式,Cx的值相对于输出电压存在非线性关系。
参考图15,示出了一对不同的电路拓扑。第一电路拓扑结构包括具有输出电压1的电容器C1。第二电路拓扑结构包括具有输出电压2的电容器C1和Cn,其中第一和第二电压输出从相同的电位中选择。如果需要,两个电路可以彼此分开。将输出电压1(虚线)和输出电压2(实线曲线)的输出随着导体电容Cx的变化图示为叠加在同一曲线图上。可以选择电容元件的值,使得图的上部覆盖的范围实质上大于电导体电容的预期值。这个范围中的两个绘图的斜率彼此显著不同,因此可以确定电容Cx的准确度具有一定的置信度。通常情况下,这是绘图的范围的上三分之一。绘图的范围的中间三分之一的两个绘图的斜率在两组值之间具有较大的Cx变化,并且在Cx的实际值上留下相当大的不确定性。在绘图的范围的下三分之一中的两个绘图的斜率通常对于确定Cx是无用的。
参考图16,一种确定Cx的技术是通过使用开关410在电路中交替地包括电容Cn来选择性地测量第一输出电压和第二输出电压。当测量第二输出电压时,开关410可以有效地电互连电容Cn的两个端子以形成短路。基于第一和第二输出电压,一个包含电容Cn,另一个不包含Cn,可以确定电导体电容Cx的近似值。二者择一地,可以使用一对不同的电路来确定一对不同的输出电压,从中可以确定Cx。优选地,开关410以前面描述的速率在短路和不短路电容器Cn 400之间切换。
参照图17,杂散电容Cs 430将出现在夹具中并且应该保持很小。在这个例子中,杂散电容Cs应该优选地小于2pF。就杂散电容Cs 430通常其值已知而言,就杂散电容Cs通常相对较小而言,并且就杂散电容Cs在不同条件下相对恒定而言,在估算电容Cx时更容易考虑到了杂散电容Cs,以增加测量的准确性。
为了保持对杂散电容Cs的控制,优选地不使用缠绕在导体周围的箔材料,因为它在温度变化过程中趋向于引起显着的弯曲和起泡。相反,希望使用机械固定装置,例如图1-7中所示的裂芯式壳体。
参照图18,希望在由裂芯式壳体限定的开口的外表面上形成非接触式电压传感器的电容导体300,优选使用电镀工艺。如果需要,电容导体可以在内表面上或支撑在其中。以这种方式,导体优选不容易从壳体移除。与非接触式电压传感器相关联的其余电子器件优选地封闭在壳体内。相对于壳体保持固定位置的电容导体300倾向于降低散杂电容Cs的可变性。
参考图19,在另一个实施例中,非接触式电压传感器的电容导体300可以从多种不同尺寸中选择以适应不同直径的电缆。例如,第一尺寸可以是相对长的电容导体,其提供较小电缆的相对小的电容Cx。例如,第二尺寸可以是中等的电容导体,其提供中等电缆的中等电容Cx。例如,第三尺寸可以是相对短的电容导体,其提供较大电缆的相对大的电容Cx。第一尺寸、第二尺寸和第三尺寸电容导体中的每个尺寸可以适合于接合在同一裂芯式壳体的开口内,附接电容导体可以延伸超出壳体的宽度。以这种方式,可以使用具有选定电容导体的相同外壳,以使用非接触式电容感测技术来有效地感测电力电缆的电压。不同电容导体之间的这种选择有利于电容的适当值,从而确定更精确的Cx。该电容导体倾向于降低散杂电容Cs的变化性。而且,选定的电容导体可以在与壳体接合时自动电连接到电路。
参考图20,在另一个实施例中,壳体可以包括对准结构500,诸如多个肋或以其他方式布置在中心开口周围的网状结构。对准结构便于将电导体保持在中央位置。另外,对准结构优选地包括一些柔性。此外,优选地,该组电容导体中的每一个可以与对准结构一起选择性地包括在一起。该电容导体倾向于降低散杂电容Cs的变化性。
参考图21,为了进一步减小杂散电容Cs的影响,优选地包括基本上环绕电导体的屏蔽导体520。当闭合时,可以包括有效确保屏蔽导体形成闭合回路的接头530或其他结构。电容导体可以保持在屏蔽导体520内并且优选地在其宽度上延伸超过屏蔽导体520。电容导体可以保持在屏蔽导体520外并且优选地在其宽度上延伸超过屏蔽导体520。
参考图22,电容导体可以与处理器一起由电气结构识别。电气结构可以包括镀覆导体,使得可以使用被短路的一个或多个导体的组合来识别对应的电容导体。作为例子,使用4导体的二进制编码技术可以用于识别多达16个不同的参数,包括电缆电容范围和杂散电容。其他电气和/或机械结构可以用于识别与特定外壳相关联的对应电容导体。
如前所述,应该理解的是,非接触式电压传感器可以周期性地进行自校准或者基本上连续地进行自校准。此外,在非接触式电压传感器接通电源线之后,不需要任何校准来正确测量电压电平并随时间自校准以保持校准。以这种方式,非接触式电压传感器可以补偿热漂移、机械运动等。此外,非接触式电压传感器具有允许通过相应的变压器进行有效的自供电的低功耗。
举例来说,基于线性关系的Vin=(Vout-B2)*A2/Cx,以及非线性关系的Vin=(Vcap-B1)*A1*(Cx+Cn+Cs)/Cx可以用于确定电容的一个计算。两次测量之间的差异有助于将Cx确定为Cx=((Vout-B2)*A2/(Vcap-B1)*A1)-Cn-Cs。这两种测量优选地使用50赫兹至60赫兹的测试电压作为激励电压以降低随频率变化的介电接触。而且,壳体可以基于电压电平和电流电平提供功率输出信号。其他测量电路拓扑同样可以与其他电容元件、电感元件、电阻元件以及有源元件等一起使用。
在一些实施例中,该系统可以包括多相系统的两个或更多个相。
本文引用的所有参考文献均引入作为参考。
在前述说明书中使用的术语和表达在此用作描述的术语而不是限制,并且在使用这些术语和表达时,无意排除所示出和描述的特征的等同物或其部分,应该认识到,本发明的范围仅由所附权利要求定义和限定。
Claims (17)
1.一种用于确定电力电缆内的信号的电压的传感器,其中所述信号具有基频,所述传感器包括:
(a)壳体,其构造成耦合在所述电力电缆的至少一部分周围;
(b)至少一个导电元件,其由所述壳体支撑并且构造成当所述壳体位于所述电力电缆的至少一部分周围时电耦合到所述电力电缆内的所述信号;
(c)第一电容元件,其由所述壳体支撑并且与所述至少一个导电元件电互连;
(d)第二电容元件,其由所述壳体支撑并且和与所述至少一个导电元件电互连的所述第一电容元件电互连,其中所述第二电容元件不直接与所述至少一个导电元件中的任一个电互连,单个输入基于在所述第一电容元件和所述第二电容元件之间的电互连处的输出电压;
(e)处理器,其基于通过交替感测以下电特性而获得的来自所述第一电容元件和所述第二电容元件的所述单个输入来确定所述电力电缆的电缆电容:
(i)在位于所述第一电容元件和第二电容元件之间的电互连处的输出电压处的、同时存在所述第一电容元件和所述第二电容元件时的电特性,其中所述电压基于与所述信号的基频基本相同的采样频率而随时间变化,从而产生所述电缆电容和所述电压之间的第一特性关系,其中所述第二电容元件具有预定电容值;和
(ii)在位于所述第一电容元件和第二电容元件之间的电互连处的输出电压处的、所述第二电容元件的电特性,其中所述第一电容元件通过用于电互连的开关短路至零电容,所述开关位于(1)所述第一电容元件和第二电容元件之间的电互连处和(2)所述至少一个导电元件之间;其中所述电压基于与所述信号的所述基频基本相同的所述采样频率而随时间变化,从而产生所述电缆电容和所述电压之间的第二特性关系;
其中确定所述电缆电容是基于所述第一特性关系和所述第二特性关系之间的关系;
(f)所述传感器根据所述确定的电缆电容确定所述电力电缆的所述信号的所述电压。
2.根据权利要求1所述的传感器,还包括由所述壳体支撑的开关元件,其在确定所述电特性时选择性地包括所述第一电容元件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的传感器,其中所述电特性是由所述第一电容元件设定的电压电平。
4.根据权利要求3所述的传感器,其中缓冲电特性基于所述电特性。
5.根据权利要求1所述的传感器,其中所述第二电容元件具有在所述电缆电容的100比1和10000比1之间的电容值。
6.根据权利要求1所述的传感器,其中所述第一电容元件具有在所述电缆电容值的75%内的电容值。
7.根据权利要求1所述的传感器,其中所述第一电容元件和所述第二电容元件以分压器配置布置。
8.根据权利要求1所述的传感器,其中多个导电元件由所述壳体支撑,相对于所述壳体具有固定关系。
9.根据权利要求8所述的传感器,其中所述多个导电元件由所述壳体的外表面支撑。
10.根据权利要求9所述的传感器,其中所述多个导电元件使用电镀工艺固定到所述壳体。
11.根据权利要求8所述的传感器,其中所述多个导电元件可拆卸地与所述壳体接合。
12.根据权利要求11所述的传感器,其中所述多个导电元件能够从多个不同尺寸中选择并且可与所述壳体接合。
13.根据权利要求11所述的传感器,其中所述多个导电元件的特性由所述处理器确定。
14.根据权利要求13所述的传感器,其中所述多个导电元件是基于可修改的电气结构确定的。
15.根据权利要求13所述的传感器,其中所述多个导电元件是基于可修改的机械结构确定的。
16.根据权利要求1所述的传感器,其中多个导电元件经由铰链操作性连接到所述壳体。
17.根据权利要求1所述的传感器,其中所述壳体由电绝缘热塑性材料制成,所述电绝缘热塑性材料包括尼龙、聚氯乙烯(PVC)或聚碳酸酯。
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AU2018201454B2 (en) | 2023-04-27 |
EP3370070A1 (en) | 2018-09-05 |
US20180252749A1 (en) | 2018-09-06 |
CN108761168A (zh) | 2018-11-06 |
US11193958B2 (en) | 2021-12-07 |
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