CN108719973B - 一种兼具缓解疲劳与抗氧化功能的沙棘保健品制备方法 - Google Patents
一种兼具缓解疲劳与抗氧化功能的沙棘保健品制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种兼具缓解疲劳与抗氧化功能的保健品的制作方法,该保健品的原料配方包括以下成分:沙棘果汁、精氨酸、低聚麦芽糖等。沙棘浸膏的制备:称取约2000g沙棘果,直接榨汁,用八层纱布粗滤,得到沙棘原浆;12000rpm,10min离心,收集中层清液,将上层沙棘油和下层渣滓弃去,获得橙黄色沙棘果汁,按质量体积比加入30g/L精氨酸进行调配。再加入40g/L低聚麦芽糖进行调味,然后95℃水浴4h~8h浓缩至浸膏状。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于保健食品领域,具体涉及一种兼具缓解疲劳与抗氧化功能的保健品。
背景技术
随着人们生活节奏的加快,生活和工作压力的不断增加,疲劳已成为不可忽视的问题。WHO调查,全球有35%以上的人处于疲劳状态,由于长时间进行复杂的脑力劳动,血液里的葡萄糖、多种氨基酸耗量过大,引起脑的血流和氧气供应不足,脑细胞的兴奋、抑制失去平衡,生理功能低下,就会产生疲劳感,中年男性人群疲劳状态达60%。如果生理性疲劳发生后得不到及时消除,将会逐渐积累,最终导致过度劳累,引起慢性疲劳综合征的发生,机体的内分泌变紊乱,免疫力大幅下降,甚至出现体内器质性病变,威胁人类身心健康。
营养补充是缓解疲劳与防止过早衰老产生的有效策略。众多国内学者一般从传统中医药理论出发,多在具有保健作用的中药中寻找缓解疲劳与抗氧化物质,并且多数以人参、灵芝、沙棘、连翘叶等陆生中草药为主,其中的氨基酸、皂苷类等物质表现出良好的缓解疲劳、抗氧化、免疫调节等效果。海洋来源的软体动物,如文蛤,牡蛎等,富含的蛋白及牛磺酸等氨基酸,具有缓解疲劳、抗氧化、降低血压、增加心肌细胞对钙的结合能力。其中沙棘作为药食同源植物,含有丰富的黄酮类、氨基酸、多酚类、多糖类、维生素类、矿物元素以及甾族类等物质,具有缓解疲劳、抗氧化等作用。
关于沙棘的药用价值早在公元八世纪的唐朝藏医学名著《月王药诊》和《四部医典》中便有记载,我国也成为世界上最早记载其药用价值的国家。藏医、蒙医以及维医常用沙棘治疗多种病症,我国西部的少数民族更是将其看做灵丹妙药,包治百病。如今,已自沙棘中分离得到二百多种成分,其中,大部分在药理活性方面极为重要,沙棘相关药品也因此得到全面的开发。
沙棘的药理药效主要集中于抗氧化与免疫调节、保护心脑血管系统、保护肝脏、抗疲劳、抗肿瘤、治疗胃肠道疾病及防治呼吸系统疾病等方面。沙棘中丰富的黄酮类、氨基酸、多酚类、维生素类、矿物元素以及甾族类等物质,都具有很好的清除羟基自由基和超氧阴离子自由基、防治过氧化作用,能明显抑制细胞内脂质过氧化物水平升高,提高SOD(超氧化物歧化酸)活性。沙棘多糖在生物体内不仅仅只提供能量和参与结构组织,同时还具有多种生物功能,具有缓解机体疲劳、抗缺氧提高机体免疫力、延缓衰老等多种功能。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种兼具缓解疲劳与抗氧化功能的沙棘保健品。
本发明所采取的技术方案是:
一种兼具缓解疲劳与抗氧化功能的保健品,所述保健品的原料配方包括以下成分:沙棘果汁、精氨酸、低聚麦芽糖等。
以下为本发明进一步的方案:
称取约2000g沙棘果,直接榨汁,用八层纱布粗滤,得到沙棘原浆;12000rpm,10min离心,收集中层清液,将上层沙棘油和下层渣滓弃去,获得橙黄色沙棘果汁,按质量体积比加入30g/L精氨酸进行调配。再加入40g/L低聚麦芽糖进行调味,然后95℃水浴4h~8h浓缩至浸膏状。
沙棘果汁初始pH约为3,具有很强烈的酸味和涩味,以及特殊的臭味,会对人体的胃产生较大的刺激,并且口感较差。通过添加适量的碱性氨基酸(如精氨酸,赖氨酸,组氨酸)中和沙棘果汁的酸度,改善口感。发明人在实验过程中惊奇的发现,特定的碱性氨基酸和低聚麦芽糖除了能中和酸味,还能改善沙棘的涩味和臭味,并且经过调配后的沙棘产品进一步增加了其对人体的保健功效。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
本发明所得的保健品,无毒副作用,气味香,味酸甜可口,口感细腻;经试验验证,兼具抗氧化与缓解疲劳功能,且有营养价值;原料成本低,工艺简单,适合工业化制备。
具体实施方式
实施例1
在沙棘果汁中加入不同的添加物并浓缩,对产品进行比较。
方法①:沙棘果汁100mL于500mL烧杯中,95℃水浴4h~8h浓缩至浸膏状。
方法②:沙棘果汁100mL中加入30g/L精氨酸进行调配,95℃水浴4h~8h浓缩至浸膏状。
方法③:沙棘果汁100mL中加入30g/L精氨酸进行调配,再加入40g/L低聚麦芽糖进行调味,95℃水浴4h~8h浓缩至浸膏状。
结果显示:
①沙棘果汁直接浓缩后,味道更加酸涩,略有异味。
②沙棘果汁中加入精氨酸调配后再浓缩,减少了原浆的酸涩味,异味也有所减少。
③沙棘果汁中添加30g/L精氨酸和40g/L低聚麦芽糖进行调味,沙棘果汁的酸度,口感都有所改善,沙棘的涩味和臭味也大大改善。
按方法③调配后加热浓缩,与沙棘果汁直接浓缩相比,其浓缩成浸膏所需时间缩短1.5h,可能是由于沙棘果汁中加有多糖物质,增加粘性,阻碍了水分的挥发。经调配的沙棘果汁颜色变深,酸度适中,略有苦涩味。浓缩熬制成浸膏后呈糖浆状,闻起来有糖浆气味。
实施例2
采用实施例1中的方法③,选用不同的碱性氨基酸:如精氨酸、赖氨酸、组氨酸进行实验,并对产品进行比较。粘度测定仪器:Brookfield旋转粘度计(单位mPa*S);
表1沙棘果汁中加入不同碱性氨基酸
实验结果显示,在沙棘果汁中加入碱性氨基酸,如精氨酸,赖氨酸,组氨酸,能不同程度的中和果汁的酸度,而精氨酸的效果最好,并且加入精氨酸后溶液更加粘稠,细腻。调配浓缩后的沙棘浸膏酸味适中、略甜,有果味。
实施例3
采用实施例1中的方法③,选用精氨酸和沙棘果汁进行调配,对产品进行比较。
表2沙棘果汁与精氨酸的配比
实验结果显示:采用实施例1中的方法③,经调配果汁颜色变深,酸度适中,更加粘稠,细腻。调配浓缩后的沙棘浸膏酸味适中、略甜,有果味。
实施例4
将沙棘果汁、沙棘果汁+精氨酸(100mL沙棘原浆中加入3g精氨酸)分别进行冻干,取上述冻干粉剂用于后续的功能性评价实验,取沙棘果汁冻干粉10g(样品A)、精氨酸3g(样品B)、沙棘果汁+精氨酸冻干粉13g(样品C),产品分别溶解于100mL的水中,然后喂饲给小鼠。
实验材料与方法
(1)抗疲劳功能检测方法
实验动物:昆明种小鼠,雄性,6-8周,体重18-22g。
仪器:游泳箱(大小约50cm*50cm*40cm),电子天平,铅皮。
计量分组及受试样品给予时间:设三个试验组(样品A、样品B、样品C)与一个阴性对照组(饮用白开水)。喂饲30d后,对小鼠进行运动指标的测定。
原理:运动耐力的提高是抗疲劳能力加强最直接的表现,游泳时间的长短可以反映动物运动疲劳的程度。
测定指标及方法:
血乳清:将4组小鼠末次给样30min后负重2%(体重),在温度(30±0.5)℃的水中游泳60min后停止,安静15min后采尾血。用试剂盒方法测定。
血尿素氮:将4组小鼠末次给样30min后,在温度(30±0.5)℃的水中游泳90min后停止,拨眼球取血0.5mL,用试剂盒方法测定。
肝糖原:将4组小鼠末次给样30min后,在温度(30±0.5)℃的水肿游泳90min后停止。经拨眼球取血后,立即取肝脏,经省里盐水漂洗后用滤纸吸干,精确称取肝脏200mg,用试剂盒方法测定。
末次给予受试样品30min后,将尾部负荷5%体重铅皮的小鼠置于游泳箱中游泳。水深不少于30cm,水温25℃±1.0℃,记录小鼠自游泳开始至死亡的时间,即小鼠负重游泳时间。
(2)抗氧化功能检测方法
实验动物:选用8-12月龄大鼠,单一性别。
计量分组及受试样品给予时间:设三个试验组与一个模型对照组。受试样品给于时间30天。
给样:将老龄小鼠按血中MAD水平分组,随机分为1个老龄对照组和3个受试样品剂量组。3个试验组给予不同的受试样品,对照组给予同体积的溶剂,实验结束后处死动物测定过氧化脂质含量、抗氧化酶活力。
测定:
①血过氧化脂质降解产物丙二醛(MDA)的含量测定-比色法
原理:MDA是细胞膜脂质过氧化的终产物之一,测其含量可间接估计脂质过氧化的程度。1个MDA分子与2个硫代巴比妥酸分子在酸性条件下共热,形成粉红色复合物。该物质在波长532nm有极大吸收峰,可用分光光度计测定。
步骤:
a样品准备
取血20μL加入0.98mL蒸馏水制成2%溶血液
b样品测定
表3样品测定所需试剂
c计算
A:空白管吸光度
B:样品吸光度
F:四乙氧基丙烷吸光度
C:四乙氧基丙烷浓度(40nmol/mL)
K:稀释倍数
②抗氧化酶活力测定
原理:SOD催化超氧阴离子自由基(O2·-)生成H2O2,再由其它抗氧化酶如谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和过氧化氢酶作用生成水,这样可以清除O2·-对细胞的毒害作用。SOD、GSH-Px在动物某些器官和人体血红细胞中的含量均有明显的增龄变化,酶活性与生物年龄的增长成反比。消除自由基的能力与酶活性成正比。O2·-氧化羟基的最终产物为亚硝酸盐,后者在对氨基苯磺酸及甲萘胺作用下呈现紫红色,在波长530nm处有极大吸收峰,可用分光光度法进行测定,当SOD消除O2·-后形成的亚硝酸盐减少。
步骤:
a样品准备
10μL全血冲入0.5mL生理盐水,2000r/min离心3min,弃上清,加冰冷的双蒸水0.2mL混匀,加入95%乙醇0.2mL,震荡30s,加入三氯甲烷0.1mL,置快速混合器抽提1min,4000r/min离心3min,分层,上层为SOD抽提液,中层为血红蛋白沉淀物,下层为三氯甲烷,记录上清液体积待测。
b样品测定
表4样品测定所需试剂
c计算
实验结果
(1)抗疲劳实验结果分析
a运动后小鼠血乳酸测定
对三个实验组小鼠以及对照组小鼠进行血乳酸的测定,结果见表3-5所示。从结果可以看出,运动后小鼠血乳酸含量实验组均低于对照组。
表5不同喂养物下运动后小鼠血乳酸含量
b运动后小鼠血清尿素氮测定
对三个实验组小鼠以及对照组小鼠进行血清尿素氮的测定,结果见表3-6所示。从结果可以看出,实验各组中血清尿素氮的含量明显低于对照组。
表6不同喂养物下运动后小鼠血尿素氮含量
c动后小鼠肝糖原测定
对三个实验组小鼠以及对照组小鼠进行肝糖原的测定,结果见表3-7所示。从结果可以看出,运动后小鼠肝糖原含量实验各组显著高于对照组。
表7不同喂养物下运动后小鼠肝糖原含量
d负重游泳测定
分别对四组小鼠喂饲30d后,对小鼠进行运动指标的测定,负重游泳时间结果见表3-8所示。
表8不同喂养物下运动后小鼠的负重游泳时间
肝糖原的储备量可直接影响机体的运动能力,由此可见沙棘中的多糖成分有利于增加能量物质的储备,为机体提供更多的能量来达到抗疲劳的目的。乳酸是肌肉活动时的重要代谢产物,为公认的疲劳物质,是评价机体疲劳的重要指标。乳酸在体内的积累可影响肌肉收缩功能和运动能力。本次实验表明:实验组动物体内的乳酸含量低于对照组,说明喂饲沙棘复合制剂对减少小鼠体内乳酸含量起着一定作用,乳酸含量的减少,可达到抗疲劳的目的。另外运动耐力的提高是抗疲劳能力的宏观表现,游泳时间长短可以反映动物运动疲劳的程度,游泳时间的延长表明运动能力增强,抗疲劳能力增强。
(2)抗氧化实验结果分析
a丙二醛(MDA)含量测定结果分析
分别对四组大鼠喂养2h后,对照组给予生理盐水,实验组给予受试样品,通过测定大鼠血中MDA的含量,来估计脂质过氧化物含量,结果见表3-9。从实验结果可知,剂量组与对照组有显著性提高,给予大鼠喂食样品C,其大鼠血中的MDA含量较低。
表9不同喂养物下运动后大鼠血中MDA的含量
b超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性测定结果分析
分别对四组大鼠喂养2h后,对照组给予生理盐水,实验组给予受试样品,通过测定大鼠血中SOD的活性,结果见表3-10。从实验结果可知,剂量组与对照组有显著性提高,给予大鼠喂食样品C,其大鼠血中的SOD活性也较高。
表10不同喂养物下运动后大鼠血中SOD的活性
从实验结果可知:实验组动物体内的MDA含量低于对照组,SOD的活性高于对照组。以上说明,沙棘果汁具有抗氧化作用,且在短时间内就能见效,这与沙棘中富含丰富的维生素C有关,未来可以在抗氧化和防衰老等方面对沙棘果汁进行开发利用。
Claims (4)
1.一种兼具缓解疲劳与抗氧化功能的沙棘保健品制备方法,其特征为,保健品配方包括以下组分:沙棘果汁、精氨酸、低聚麦芽糖;
具体制备步骤如下:称取沙棘果,直接榨汁,用八层纱布粗滤,得到沙棘原浆;离心,收集中层清液,将上层沙棘油和下层渣滓弃去,获得橙黄色沙棘果汁,加入精氨酸进行调配,再加入低聚麦芽糖进行调味,然后浓缩至浸膏状;
所述精氨酸的加入量是按质量体积比加入30g/L。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征为,离心步骤的参数是12000rpm,10min。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征为,低聚麦芽糖的加入量是按质量体积比加入40g/L低聚麦芽糖。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征为,浓缩至浸膏步骤的参数是,95℃水浴4h~8h。
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